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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
In the E-167 plasma wakefield acceleration experiment, electrons with an initial energy of 42GeV are accelerated in a meter-scale lithium plasma. Particles are leaving plasma with a large energy spread. To determine the spectrum of the accelerated particles, a two-plane spectrometer has been set up.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
In the E-167 plasma wakefield acceleration experiment, electrons with an initial energy of 42GeV are accelerated in a meter-scale lithium plasma. Particles are leaving plasma with a large energy spread. To determine the spectrum of the accelerated particles, a two-plane spectrometer has been set up.
Author: Yangmei Li Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030501167 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 140
Book Description
This thesis focuses on a cutting-edge area of research, which is aligned with CERN's mainstream research, the "AWAKE" project, dedicated to proving the capability of accelerating particles to the energy frontier by the high energy proton beam. The author participated in this project and has advanced the plasma wakefield theory and modelling significantly, especially concerning future plasma acceleration based collider design. The thesis addresses electron beam acceleration to high energy whilst preserving its high quality driven by a single short proton bunch in hollow plasma. It also demonstrates stable deceleration of multiple proton bunches in a nonlinear regime with strong resonant wakefield excitation in hollow plasma, and generation of high energy and high quality electron or positron bunches. Further work includes the assessment of transverse instabilities induced by misaligned beams in hollow plasma and enhancement of the wakefield amplitude driven by a self-modulated long proton bunch with a tapered plasma. This work has major potential to impact the next generation of linear colliders and also in the long-term may help develop compact accelerators for use in industrial and medical facilities.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 7
Book Description
Recent electron beam driven plasma wakefield accelerator experiments carried out at SLAC indicate trapping of plasma electrons. More charge came out of than went into the plasma. Most of this extra charge had energies at or below the 10 MeV level. In addition, there were trapped electron streaks that extended from a few GeV to tens of GeV, and there were mono-energetic trapped electron bunches with tens of GeV in energy.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 6
Book Description
Recent experiments at SLAC have shown that high gradient acceleration of electrons is achievable in meter scale plasmas. Results from these experiments show that the wakefield is sensitive to parameters in the electron beam which drives it. In the experiment the bunch lengths were varied systematically at constant charge. The effort to extract a measurement of the decelerating wake from the maximum energy loss of the electron beam is discussed.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
We have recently demonstrating the doubling of the energy of particles of the ultra-short, ultra-relativistic electron bunches of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center [1]. This energy doubling occurred in a plasma only 85 cm-long with a density of (almost equal to) 2.6 x 1017 e−/cm−3. This milestone is the result of systematic measurements that show the scaling of the energy gain with plasma length and density, and show the reproducibility and the stability of the acceleration process. We show that the energy gain increases linearly with plasma length from 13 to 31 cm. These are key steps toward the application of beam-driven plasma accelerators or plasma wakefield accelerators (PWFA) to doubling the energy of a future linear collider without doubling its length.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 3
Book Description
Recent electron beam driven plasma wakefield accelerator experiments carried out at SLAC showed trapping of plasma electrons. These trapped electrons appeared on an energy spectrometer with smaller transverse size than the beam driving the wake. A connection is made between transverse size and emittance; due to the spectrometer's resolution, this connection allows for placing an upper limit on the trapped electron emittance. The upper limit for the lowest normalized emittance measured in the experiment is 1 mm · mrad.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The energy frontier of particle physics is several trillion electron volts, but colliders capable of reaching this regime (such as the Large Hadron Collider and the International Linear Collider) are costly and time-consuming to build; it is therefore important to explore new methods of accelerating particles to high energies. Plasma-based accelerators are particularly attractive because they are capable of producing accelerating fields that are orders of magnitude larger than those used in conventional colliders. In these accelerators, a drive beam (either laser or particle) produces a plasma wave (wakefield) that accelerates charged particles. The ultimate utility of plasma accelerators will depend on sustaining ultrahigh accelerating fields over a substantial length to achieve a significant energy gain. Here we show that an energy gain of more than 42 GeV is achieved in a plasma wakefield accelerator of 85 cm length, driven by a 42 GeV electron beam at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). The results are in excellent agreement with the predictions of three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. Most of the beam electrons lose energy to the plasma wave, but some electrons in the back of the same beam pulse are accelerated with a field of (almost equal to) 52GV m−1. This effectively doubles their energy, producing the energy gain of the 3-km-long SLAC accelerator in less than a meter for a small fraction of the electrons in the injected bunch. This is an important step towards demonstrating the viability of plasma accelerators for high-energy physics applications.
Author: Fearghus Robert Keeble Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Measurement of the electron energy distribution at AWAKE AbstractMuch of the experimental data underpinning the Standard Model of particle physics has been collected at particle accelerators. The exponential increase in the energy of these machines has recently begun to slow, as the cost and scale of the projects reach historic levels. New accelerating technologies may offer a way to reverse this trend and provide smaller scale or higher energy accelerators. // One such novel acceleration method is proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration and the AWAKE experiment at CERN has been conceived to provide proof of this new acceleration principle. A 400 GeV proton bunch is used to drive a wakefield in a 10 m column of plasma. Low energy electrons are injected into this wake and accelerated to high energies. This accelerated electron bunch is diagnosed with a magnetic spectrometer. // This spectrometer has been designed, installed and calibrated in order to provide measurements of the energy and charge of the accelerated electron bunches at AWAKE.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 160
Book Description
The Plasma Wakefield Accelerator (PWFA) is an advanced accelerator concept which possess a high acceleration gradient and a long interaction length for accelerating both electrons and positrons. Although electron beam-plasma interactions have been extensively studied in connection with the PWFA, very little work has been done with respect to positron beam-plasma interactions. This dissertation addresses three issues relating to a positron beam driven plasma wakefield accelerator. These issues are (a) the suitability of employing a positron drive bunch to excite a wake; (b) the transverse stability of the drive bunch; and (c) the acceleration of positrons by the plasma wake that is driven by a positron bunch. These three issues are explored first through computer simulations and then through experiments. First, a theory is developed on the impulse response of plasma to a short drive beam which is valid for small perturbations to the plasma density. This is followed up with several particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations which study the experimental parameter (bunch length, charge, radius, and plasma density) range. Next, the experimental setup is described with an emphasis on the equipment used to measure the longitudinal energy variations of the positron beam. Then, the transverse dynamics of a positron beam in a plasma are described. Special attention is given to the way focusing, defocusing, and a tilted beam would appear to be energy variations as viewed on our diagnostics. Finally, the energy dynamics imparted on a 730 [mu]m long, 40 [mu]m radius, 28.5 GeV positron beam with 1.2 x 101° particles in a 1.4 meter long 0-2 x 1014 e−/cm3 plasma is described. First the energy loss was measured as a function of plasma density and the measurements are compared to theory. Then, an energy gain of 79 ± 15 MeV is shown. This is the first demonstration of energy gain of a positron beam in a plasma and it is in good agreement with the predictions made by the 3-D PIC code. The work presented in this dissertation will show that plasma wakefield accelerators are an attractive technology for future particle accelerators.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 5
Book Description
A plasma based wakefield acceleration (PWFA) experiment, scheduled to run this summer, will accelerate parts of a 28.5 GeV bunch from the SLAC linac by up to 1 GeV over a length of 1 meter. A single 28.5 GeV bunch will both induce the wakefields in the one meter long plasma and witness the resulting acceleration fields. The experiment will explore and further develop the techniques that are needed to apply high-gradient PWFA to large scale accelerators. This paper summarizes the goals of the first round of experiments as well as the status of the individual components: construction and diagnosis of the homogeneous lithium oven plasma source and associated ionization laser, commissioning of the electron beam, simulated performance of the electron beam energy measurement, and first PIC simulations of the full meter long experiment.
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