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Author: Katherine McNitt Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Background: Energy intake under-reporting is widespread, yet poorly understood during pregnancy. Adequate energy intake and energy balance are essential for optimizing maternal and fetal outcomes, including gestational weight gain. Inaccurate self-reported energy intake may result in erroneous nutrition education from health professionals during pregnancy. Objective: This study aimed to examine the trends (i.e., changes over gestation), magnitude (i.e., degree of severity), and predictors (i.e., gestational age, anthropometrics, demographics, perceived stress, and eating behaviors) of energy intake under-reporting using intensive longitudinal data in a sample of pregnant women with overweight and obesity in the United States. Methods: This is a post hoc analysis using data from the Healthy Mom Zone Study. Pre-pregnancy weight and demographics were reported at study enrollment (at 8-12 weeks gestational age). Validated questionnaires were completed weekly to assess perceived stress and monthly to assess eating behaviors. Mobile health technology was used to measure daily weight (Wi-Fi Scale) and physical activity (activity monitor) and tri-weekly self-reported energy intake (smartphone app). An energy balance model was used to calculate energy intake with the inputs of measured weight, physical activity, and resting metabolic rate. Reporting accuracy was defined as: [(self-reported EI -- back-calculated EI) / back-calculated EI)] * 100%. Linear fixed effects modelling was used to test whether each predictor was associated with under-reporting. Results: Women were, on average, 30.7 years old, married, well-educated, pregnant with their first child (64%), and had overweight or obesity (mean BMI=31.5). Women under-reported by 36% of their estimated energy intake, on average. Energy intake under-reporting increased significantly between trimesters from 28% (first) to 33% (second) to 39% (third) (p
Author: Katherine McNitt Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Background: Energy intake under-reporting is widespread, yet poorly understood during pregnancy. Adequate energy intake and energy balance are essential for optimizing maternal and fetal outcomes, including gestational weight gain. Inaccurate self-reported energy intake may result in erroneous nutrition education from health professionals during pregnancy. Objective: This study aimed to examine the trends (i.e., changes over gestation), magnitude (i.e., degree of severity), and predictors (i.e., gestational age, anthropometrics, demographics, perceived stress, and eating behaviors) of energy intake under-reporting using intensive longitudinal data in a sample of pregnant women with overweight and obesity in the United States. Methods: This is a post hoc analysis using data from the Healthy Mom Zone Study. Pre-pregnancy weight and demographics were reported at study enrollment (at 8-12 weeks gestational age). Validated questionnaires were completed weekly to assess perceived stress and monthly to assess eating behaviors. Mobile health technology was used to measure daily weight (Wi-Fi Scale) and physical activity (activity monitor) and tri-weekly self-reported energy intake (smartphone app). An energy balance model was used to calculate energy intake with the inputs of measured weight, physical activity, and resting metabolic rate. Reporting accuracy was defined as: [(self-reported EI -- back-calculated EI) / back-calculated EI)] * 100%. Linear fixed effects modelling was used to test whether each predictor was associated with under-reporting. Results: Women were, on average, 30.7 years old, married, well-educated, pregnant with their first child (64%), and had overweight or obesity (mean BMI=31.5). Women under-reported by 36% of their estimated energy intake, on average. Energy intake under-reporting increased significantly between trimesters from 28% (first) to 33% (second) to 39% (third) (p
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309082846 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 182
Book Description
Dietary Risk Assessment in the WIC Program reviews methods used to determine dietary risk based on failure to meet Dietary Guidelines for applicants to the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Applicants to the WIC program must be at nutritional risk to be eligible for program benefits. Although "dietary risk" is only one of five nutrition risk categories, it is the category most commonly reported among WIC applicants. This book documents that nearly all low-income women in the childbearing years and children 2 years and over are at risk because their diets fail to meet the recommended numbers of servings of the food guide pyramid. The committee recommends that all women and children (ages 2-4 years) who meet the eligibility requirements based on income, categorical and residency status also be presumed to meet the requirement of nutrition risk. By presuming that all who meet the categorical and income eligibility requirements are at dietary risk, WIC retains its potential for preventing and correcting nutrition-related problems while avoiding serious misclassification errors that could lead to denial of services for eligible individuals.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309039940 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 765
Book Description
Diet and Health examines the many complex issues concerning diet and its role in increasing or decreasing the risk of chronic disease. It proposes dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of the major diseases and causes of death today: atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (including heart attack and stroke), cancer, high blood pressure, obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and dental caries.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309131138 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 868
Book Description
As women of childbearing age have become heavier, the trade-off between maternal and child health created by variation in gestational weight gain has become more difficult to reconcile. Weight Gain During Pregnancy responds to the need for a reexamination of the 1990 Institute of Medicine guidelines for weight gain during pregnancy. It builds on the conceptual framework that underscored the 1990 weight gain guidelines and addresses the need to update them through a comprehensive review of the literature and independent analyses of existing databases. The book explores relationships between weight gain during pregnancy and a variety of factors (e.g., the mother's weight and height before pregnancy) and places this in the context of the health of the infant and the mother, presenting specific, updated target ranges for weight gain during pregnancy and guidelines for proper measurement. New features of this book include a specific range of recommended gain for obese women. Weight Gain During Pregnancy is intended to assist practitioners who care for women of childbearing age, policy makers, educators, researchers, and the pregnant women themselves to understand the role of gestational weight gain and to provide them with the tools needed to promote optimal pregnancy outcomes.
Author: Leanne M. Redman Publisher: MDPI ISBN: 3039280546 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 238
Book Description
Pregnancy is a viewed as a window to future health. With the birth of the developmental origins of human adult disease hypothesis, research and clinical practice has turned its attention to the influence of maternal factors such as health and lifestyle surrounding pregnancy as a means to understand and prevent the inter-generational inheritance of chronic disease susceptibility. Outcomes during pregnancy have long-lasting impacts on both women on children. Moreover, nutrition early in life can influence growth and the establishment of lifelong eating habits and behaviors. This Special Issue on “Nutrition during Pregnancy and Lactation: Implications for Maternal and Infant Health” is intended to highlight new epidemiological, mechanistic and interventional studies that investigate maternal nutrition around the pregnancy period on maternal and infant outcomes. Submissions may include original research, narrative reviews, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
Author: Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition Publisher: The Stationery Office ISBN: 9780108511370 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 232
Book Description
Dietary reference values (DRVs) for energy are based on estimating the total energy expenditure (TEE) for groups of people. TEE provides a measure of the energy requirement at energy balance i.e. when energy intake matches energy expenditure. The methodology to measure TEE - the doubly labelled water (DLW) method - has advanced and as a result, the evidence base on TEE in a wide variety of population groups has expanded considerably. With the high levels of overweight and obesity currently seen in the UK and the wealth of new data now available, it was considered timely for the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) to review recommendations for the UK population. This report details the evidence and approaches SACN have considered in order to update the DRVs for energy. SACN chose a prescriptive approach to estimating energy reference values; suitable reference body weight ranges consistent with long-term good health were used to calculate energy reference values. Thus, basal metabolic rate (BMR) values were predicted using healthy reference body weights. Using this approach, if overweight groups consume the amount of energy recommended for healthy weight groups, they are likely to lose weight, whereas underweight sections of the population should gain weight towards the healthy body weight range. SACN has derived new energy reference values. For most population groups, except for infants and young children, the values have increased. DRVs should be used to assess the energy requirements for large groups of people and populations, but should not be applied to individuals due to the large variation in physical activity and energy expenditure observed between people.
Author: Ann M. Coulston Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128029471 Category : Health & Fitness Languages : en Pages : 1075
Book Description
Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease, Fourth Edition, is a compilation of current knowledge in clinical nutrition and an overview of the rationale and science base of its application to practice in the prevention and treatment of disease. In its fourth edition, this text continues the tradition of incorporating new discoveries and methods related to this important area of research Generating and analyzing data that summarize dietary intake and its association with disease are valuable tasks in treating disease and developing disease prevention strategies. Well-founded medical nutrition therapies can minimize disease development and related complications. Providing scientifically sound, creative, and effective nutrition interventions is both challenging and rewarding. - Two new chapters on metabolomics and translational research, which have come to be used in nutrition research in recent years. The new areas of study are discussed with the perspective that the application of the scientific method is by definition an evolutionary process. - A new chapter on Genetics and Diabetes which reviews the latest research on causal genetic variants and biological mechanisms responsible for the disease, and explores potential interactions with environmental factors such as diet and lifestyle. - Includes all major "omics" – the exposome, metabolomics, genomics, and the gut microbiome. - Expands the microbiota portions to reflect complexity of diet on gut microbial ecology, metabolism and health
Author: Louise Brough Publisher: MDPI ISBN: 303897840X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 152
Book Description
Optimal nutrition is important during pregnancy and lactation for the health of both the mother and infant. Chronic deficiencies of both macronutrients and micronutrients are well established in developing countries. Although in developed countries overconsumption of macronutrients is a major issue, micronutrient deficiencies which occur concomitantly are no less of a concern. Furthermore in developed countries there is also the risk of excessive micronutrient intake from dietary supplements. Micronutrients have a role in fetal and neonatal health and also health in later life. Micronutrient deficiency or toxicity during pregnancy or early life can permanently affect developing tissues, resulting in adverse growth and development of the infant which is associated with chronic diseases in adulthood. An aberrant micronutrient intake during pregnancy or lactation can also have detrimental effect on the mother both in the neonatal period and in later life.
Author: Victor R. Preedy Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1441917942 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 3113
Book Description
Growth is one of the human body’s most intricate processes: each body part or region has its own unique growth patterns. Yet at the individual and population levels, growth patterns are sensitive to adverse conditions, genetic predispositions, and environmental changes. And despite the body’s capacity to compensate for these developmental setbacks, the effects may be far-reaching, even life-long. The Handbook of Growth and Growth Monitoring in Health and Disease brings this significant and complex field together in one comprehensive volume: impact of adverse variables on growth patterns; issues at different stages of prenatal development, childhood, and adolescence; aspects of catch-up growth, endocrine regulation, and sexual maturation; screening and assessment methods; and international perspectives. Tables and diagrams, applications to other areas of health and disease, and summary points help make the information easier to retain. Together, these 140 self-contained chapters in 15 sections [ok?] cover every area of human growth, including: Intrauterine growth retardation. Postnatal growth in normal and abnormal situations. Cells and growth of tissues. Sensory growth and development. Effects of disease on growth. Methods and standards for assessment of growth, and more. The Handbook of Growth and Growth Monitoring in Health and Disease is an invaluable addition to the reference libraries of a wide range of health professionals, among them health scientists, physicians, physiologists, nutritionists, dieticians, nurses, public health researchers, epidemiologists, exercise physiologists, and physical therapists. It is also useful to college-level students and faculty in the health disciplines, and to policymakers and health economists.
Author: Katherine McNitt
Author: Katherine McNitt
Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: National Research Council
Author: National Research Council
Author: Leanne M. Redman
Author: Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition
Author: Ann M. Coulston
Author: Louise Brough
Author: Victor R. Preedy
Author: Frank E. Hytten