Spin Current PDF Download

Author: Sadamichi Maekawa
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0198787073
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 541

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Book Description
In a new branch of physics and technology, called spin-electronics or spintronics, the flow of electrical charge (usual current) as well as the flow of electron spin, the so-called "spin current", are manipulated and controlled together. This book is intended to provide an introduction and guide to the new physics and applications of spin current.

Author: Supriyo Bandyopadhyay
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420004743
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 526

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Book Description
Using spin to replace or augment the role of charge in signal processing devices, computing systems and circuits may improve speed, power consumption, and device density in some cases—making the study of spinone of the fastest-growing areas in micro- and nanoelectronics. With most of the literature on the subject still highly advanced and heavily theoretical, the demand for a practical introduction to the concepts relating to spin has only now been filled. Explains effects such as giant magnetoresistance, the subject of the 2007 Nobel Prize in physics Introduction to Spintronics is an accessible, organized, and progressive presentation of the quantum mechanical concept of spin. The authors build a foundation of principles and equations underlying the physics, transport, and dynamics of spin in solid state systems. They explain the use of spin for encoding qubits in quantum logic processors; clarify how spin-orbit interaction forms the basis for certain spin-based devices such as spintronic field effect transistors; and discuss the effects of magnetic fields on spin-based device performance. Covers active hybrid spintronic devices, monolithic spintronic devices, passive spintronic devices, and devices based on the giant magnetoresistance effect The final chapters introduce the burgeoning field of spin-based reversible logic gates, spintronic embodiments of quantum computers, and other topics in quantum mechanics that have applications in spintronics. An Introduction to Spintronics provides the knowledge and understanding of the field needed to conduct independent research in spintronics.

Author: Lawrence H Bennett
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814571067
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 397

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Book Description
This book focuses on an increasingly important area of materials science and technology, namely, the fabrication and properties of artificial materials where slabs of magnetized materials are sandwiched between slabs of nonmagnetized materials. It includes reviews by experts on the theory and descriptions of the various experimental techniques such as those using nuclear or electron spin probes, as well as optical, X-ray or neutron probes. It also reviews potential applications such as the giant magnetoresistance, and one specialized preparation technique, the electrodeposition. The various chapters are tutorial in nature, making the subject accessible to nonspecialists, as well as useful to researchers in the field.

Author: Vivienne Sze
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031017668
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 254

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Book Description
This book provides a structured treatment of the key principles and techniques for enabling efficient processing of deep neural networks (DNNs). DNNs are currently widely used for many artificial intelligence (AI) applications, including computer vision, speech recognition, and robotics. While DNNs deliver state-of-the-art accuracy on many AI tasks, it comes at the cost of high computational complexity. Therefore, techniques that enable efficient processing of deep neural networks to improve key metrics—such as energy-efficiency, throughput, and latency—without sacrificing accuracy or increasing hardware costs are critical to enabling the wide deployment of DNNs in AI systems. The book includes background on DNN processing; a description and taxonomy of hardware architectural approaches for designing DNN accelerators; key metrics for evaluating and comparing different designs; features of DNN processing that are amenable to hardware/algorithm co-design to improve energy efficiency and throughput; and opportunities for applying new technologies. Readers will find a structured introduction to the field as well as formalization and organization of key concepts from contemporary work that provide insights that may spark new ideas.

Author: Giorgos Fagas
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535130110
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 252

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Book Description
In a previous volume (ICT-Energy-Concepts Towards Zero-Power ICT; referenced below as Vol. 1), we addressed some of the fundamentals related to bridging the gap between the amount of energy required to operate portable/mobile ICT systems and the amount of energy available from ambient sources. The only viable solution appears to be to attack the gap from both sides, i.e. to reduce the amount of energy dissipated during computation and to improve the efficiency in energy-harvesting technologies. In this book, we build on those concepts and continue the discussion on energy efficiency and sustainability by addressing the minimisation of energy consumption at different levels across the ICT system stack, from hardware to software, as well as discussing energy consumption issues in high-performance computing (HPC), data centres and communication in sensor networks. This book was realised thanks to the contribution of the project ‘Coordinating Research Efforts of the ICT-Energy Community’ funded from the European Union under the Future and Emerging Technologies (FET) area of the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (grant agreement n. 611004).

Author: Takashi Nakada
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 4431565051
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 137

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Book Description
As a step toward ultimate low-power computing, this book introduces normally-off computing, which involves inactive components of computer systems being aggressively powered off with the help of new non-volatile memories (NVMs). Because the energy consumption of modern information devices strongly depends on both hardware and software, co-design and co-optimization of hardware and software are indispensable to improve energy efficiency. The book discusses various topics including (1) details of low-power technologies including power gating, (2) characteristics of several new-generation NVMs, (3) normally-off computing architecture, (4) important technologies for implementing normally-off computing, (5) three practical implementations: healthcare, mobile information devices, and sensor network systems for smart city applications, and (6) related research and development. Bridging computing methodology and emerging memory devices, the book is designed for both hardware and software designers, engineers, and developers as comprehensive material for understanding normally-off computing.

Author: Ali Javey
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387692851
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 275

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Book Description
This book provides a complete overview of the field of carbon nanotube electronics. It covers materials and physical properties, synthesis and fabrication processes, devices and circuits, modeling, and finally novel applications of nanotube-based electronics. The book introduces fundamental device physics and circuit concepts of 1-D electronics. At the same time it provides specific examples of the state-of-the-art nanotube devices.

Author: Zeev Valy Vardeny
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439806578
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 354

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Book Description
Major development efforts in organic materials research has grown for an array of applications. Organic spintronics, in particular, has flourished in the area of organic magneto-transport. Reflecting the main avenues of advancement in this arena, this volume explores spin injection and manipulation in organic spin valves, the magnetic field effect in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), the spin transport effect in relation to spin manipulation, organic magnets as spin injection electrodes in organic spintronics devices, the coherent control of spins in organic devices using the technique of electronically detected magnetic resonance, and the possibility of using organic spin valves as sensors.

Author: Robert A. Meyers
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9781461417996
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Complex systems are systems that comprise many interacting parts with the ability to generate a new quality of collective behavior through self-organization, e.g. the spontaneous formation of temporal, spatial or functional structures. These systems are often characterized by extreme sensitivity to initial conditions as well as emergent behavior that are not readily predictable or even completely deterministic. The recognition that the collective behavior of the whole system cannot be simply inferred from an understanding of the behavior of the individual components has led to the development of numerous sophisticated new computational and modeling tools with applications to a wide range of scientific, engineering, and societal phenomena. Computational Complexity: Theory, Techniques and Applications presents a detailed and integrated view of the theoretical basis, computational methods, and state-of-the-art approaches to investigating and modeling of inherently difficult problems whose solution requires extensive resources approaching the practical limits of present-day computer systems. This comprehensive and authoritative reference examines key components of computational complexity, including cellular automata, graph theory, data mining, granular computing, soft computing, wavelets, and more.

Author: Ruby Srivastava
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1789236029
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 143

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Book Description
The book "Recent Developments in Optoelectronic Devices" is about the latest developments in optoelectronics. This book is divided into three categories: light emitting devices, sensors, and light harvesters. This book also discusses the theoretical aspects of device design for iridium complexes as organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), strategies for developing novel nanostructured materials, silicon-rich oxide (SRO) electroluminescent devices, and multifunctional optoelectronic devices developed on resistive switching effects. The worldwide participation of authors has contributed to the unifying effect of science. Furthermore, interested readers will also find information on the screen printed technology using semiconductor devices, nonlinear phenomena in quantum devices, experimental set up of optoelectronics flexible logic gate to realize logic operations, autonomous vehicles, and the latest developments in perovskites as solar cells.