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Author: Ryan K. Brook Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 728
Book Description
Successful mitigation of human-wildlife conflicts requires an approach that incorporates both the ecological aspects of wildlife and the social considerations of the affected stakeholders and these must be considered in an integrated fashion at multiple temporal and spatial scales. In this dissertation, I examine the relationship between farmers around Riding Mountain National Park (RMNP) in southwestern Manitoba and the regional elk (Cervus elaphus) population, in order to better understand and resolve these long-standing conflicts more effectively. Local perspectives were documented throughout this study, initially through 40 community meetings in 2000 and 2001 prior to formal data collection, then through a mail-out survey in 2002, and later through participatory mapping exercises from 2003 to 2006. A longitudinal analysis of historical information regarding elk-agriculture conflicts using the interviews and government letter files indicated that diverse types of conflicts have occurred annually for the last 127 years. Issues related to bovine tuberculosis (TB) in elk in the last 15 years have been some of the most intense conflicts ever occurring, but these are based on previous conflicts and they have further undermined the already strained relationship between farmers and RMNP. The most important factor associated with high concern regarding bovine TB was the frequency that farmers observed elk on their land. To examine the biophysical aspects of elk interactions with agriculture, 212 wild elk were captured from 2002-2005 using a net-gun fired from a helicopter and given a GPS satellite collar (n=25) of VHF transmitter (n=187). Overlap in space use between elk and cattle was high in summer and low in winter based on both the collar data and local knowledge, though farmers identified higher levels of overlap throughout the year. During the spring elk calving period, the home ranges of 73% of the parturient elk remained entirely within protected areas, while 6% were exclusively on farmland, and 21% included both. The proportion of the elk population calving on farmland continues to increase from near zero in the 1970s. Hay yard barrier fences are the most effective and widely accepted management tool in use to mitigate elk-agriculture conflict, but modifications to the process of allocating and monitoring fences are needed. Indeed, all aspects of the management of elk-agriculture interactions require greater levels of communication and collaboration between government agencies and local stakeholders. I also advocate taking an adaptive, science-based approach to managing human-wildlife conflicts that focuses on both the social and natural sciences as mutally contributing to our understanding of the problems and generating meaningful solutions. This is one of few studies that makes use of local knowledge and conventional ecological data together, and demonstrates the contributions of both in better understanding the temporospatial aspects of wildlife-human conflicts and their socioeconomic and conservation implications.
Author: Ryan K. Brook Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 728
Book Description
Successful mitigation of human-wildlife conflicts requires an approach that incorporates both the ecological aspects of wildlife and the social considerations of the affected stakeholders and these must be considered in an integrated fashion at multiple temporal and spatial scales. In this dissertation, I examine the relationship between farmers around Riding Mountain National Park (RMNP) in southwestern Manitoba and the regional elk (Cervus elaphus) population, in order to better understand and resolve these long-standing conflicts more effectively. Local perspectives were documented throughout this study, initially through 40 community meetings in 2000 and 2001 prior to formal data collection, then through a mail-out survey in 2002, and later through participatory mapping exercises from 2003 to 2006. A longitudinal analysis of historical information regarding elk-agriculture conflicts using the interviews and government letter files indicated that diverse types of conflicts have occurred annually for the last 127 years. Issues related to bovine tuberculosis (TB) in elk in the last 15 years have been some of the most intense conflicts ever occurring, but these are based on previous conflicts and they have further undermined the already strained relationship between farmers and RMNP. The most important factor associated with high concern regarding bovine TB was the frequency that farmers observed elk on their land. To examine the biophysical aspects of elk interactions with agriculture, 212 wild elk were captured from 2002-2005 using a net-gun fired from a helicopter and given a GPS satellite collar (n=25) of VHF transmitter (n=187). Overlap in space use between elk and cattle was high in summer and low in winter based on both the collar data and local knowledge, though farmers identified higher levels of overlap throughout the year. During the spring elk calving period, the home ranges of 73% of the parturient elk remained entirely within protected areas, while 6% were exclusively on farmland, and 21% included both. The proportion of the elk population calving on farmland continues to increase from near zero in the 1970s. Hay yard barrier fences are the most effective and widely accepted management tool in use to mitigate elk-agriculture conflict, but modifications to the process of allocating and monitoring fences are needed. Indeed, all aspects of the management of elk-agriculture interactions require greater levels of communication and collaboration between government agencies and local stakeholders. I also advocate taking an adaptive, science-based approach to managing human-wildlife conflicts that focuses on both the social and natural sciences as mutally contributing to our understanding of the problems and generating meaningful solutions. This is one of few studies that makes use of local knowledge and conventional ecological data together, and demonstrates the contributions of both in better understanding the temporospatial aspects of wildlife-human conflicts and their socioeconomic and conservation implications.
Author: Wendy Marie Zirngibl Publisher: ISBN: Category : Elk Languages : en Pages : 384
Book Description
To the residents of Montana and Wyoming, Rocky Mountain elk long have represented an important resource of sustenance and consumptive recreation. The mission of protection and preservation of the elk by the stewards of Yellowstone National Park often opposes the culture of use beyond its boundaries. Since its inception in 1872, Yellowstone has stood at the core of numerous battles fought locally over the elk, revealing the preeminence of this species among the region's wildlife. Conflicting values and the threat of federal infringement become manifest in elk management and use philosophies throughout the jurisdictionally fragmented Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.
Author: E. Tom Thorne Publisher: ISBN: Category : Elk Languages : en Pages : 16
Book Description
Bovine brucellosis is prevalent in elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) of northwestern Wyoming and occurs rarely in elk of northern Yellowstone National Park and some neighboring parts of Montana. Occurrence of brucellosis in Wyoming is a consequence of supplemental winter feeding as a substitute for natural winter ranges, to control depredation, and reduce winter mortalities. Presence of the disease in elk of northern Yellowstone may reflect their association with infected bison and interchange with fed elk populations. A cooperative brucellosis eradication program has made considerable progress toward eliminating the causative organism from the United States; cattle in all three states surrounding the Greater Yellowstone Area are now free of the disease. With eradication possible in the not too distant future, wildlife populations harboring brucellosis are being placed on a bio-political collision course with the brucellolsis eradication program, state and Federal livestock industries, and western grazing practices. Extreme solutions are depopulation of elk and bison (Bison bison) within the Greater Yellowstone Area on one hand and elimination of cattle grazing from the ecosystem on the other, neither being acceptable. The Wyoming Game and Fish Department has chosen more moderate, yet effective, methods of dealing with the problem including vaccination of fed elk, attempting to reduce reliance of elk on supplemental feed through habitat improvement and acquisition, and maintaining separation between cattle and elk during high risk transmission periods. However, cooperative efforts by all involved parties throughout the Greater Yellowstone Area will be required to minimize impacts to all affected resources and interest groups.
Author: Larry Rockwood Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0198042264 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 477
Book Description
This book reviews and analyzes the period (roughly from the 1950s to the present) when the "environment" became an issue as important as economic growth, or war and peace; to assess the current situation, and begin planning for the challenges that lie ahead. Most people are aware of both the environmental destruction taking place around the world and of the specter of climate change. The devastation of New Orleans by hurricane Katrina illustrates the potential for disaster when climate change is combined with the mismanaged environmental policy. How did we get to this point? What has been done and what can be done to avoid future environmental disasters? Thirty-two contributing chapter authors (among them, one of the principal drafters of the National Environmental Policy Act, Chief of the African Environment Division and the World Bank, Vice President of the Center for Conservation Innovation at the World Wildlife Fund, President of the Zoological Society of London, former President of the Ecological Society of America) use their unique, authoritative perspective to review the evolution of environmental science and policy in the past half century. Each author describes the evolution of environmental science and policy in the past half century and consider the challenges of the future. Although the authors of this book come from various fields, they have followed paths that have generally converged on the concept of sustainability. This book attempts to define what sustainability is, how we can achieve it, and what the prospects for sustainability in the future are.
Author: Ryan K. Brook
Author: Ryan K. Brook
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Author: Ryan Brook
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Author: Wendy Marie Zirngibl
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Author: D. G. Colls
Author: E. Tom Thorne
Author: Larry Rockwood