Elevation, Thermal Environment, and Stream Temperatures on Headwater Streams in Northeastern Oregon PDF Download
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Author: Cynthia L. Meays Publisher: ISBN: Category : Water temperature Languages : en Pages : 280
Book Description
A case study examining the relationship between stream temperatures and the thermal environment through which streams flow was conducted on the headwaters of 4 tributaries of the Burnt River (Barney, Elk, Greenhorn, and Stevens Creeks) in northeastern Oregon during July through August 1998 and 1999. Barney Creek and Stevens Creek are in adjacent drainages, both with northerly aspects. Barney Creek drainage was completely burned over in 1989 while Stevens Creek vegetation remained intact. Elk Creek had 2 cold water tributaries and groundwater inputs. Greenhorn Creek was much more variable in terms of disturbance and vegetation. Stream discharge and air, soil, and water temperature data were collected at 150 m increments from 1370 to 1830 m elevation on each stream. Analyses compared daily mean air, soil, and water temperatures at each elevation within each stream, year, and month. Mean daily minimum and daily maximum air and water temperatures were also analyzed. For all streams in this study. elevation was significantly associated with air, soil, and water temperatures (p
Author: Cynthia L. Meays Publisher: ISBN: Category : Water temperature Languages : en Pages : 280
Book Description
A case study examining the relationship between stream temperatures and the thermal environment through which streams flow was conducted on the headwaters of 4 tributaries of the Burnt River (Barney, Elk, Greenhorn, and Stevens Creeks) in northeastern Oregon during July through August 1998 and 1999. Barney Creek and Stevens Creek are in adjacent drainages, both with northerly aspects. Barney Creek drainage was completely burned over in 1989 while Stevens Creek vegetation remained intact. Elk Creek had 2 cold water tributaries and groundwater inputs. Greenhorn Creek was much more variable in terms of disturbance and vegetation. Stream discharge and air, soil, and water temperature data were collected at 150 m increments from 1370 to 1830 m elevation on each stream. Analyses compared daily mean air, soil, and water temperatures at each elevation within each stream, year, and month. Mean daily minimum and daily maximum air and water temperatures were also analyzed. For all streams in this study. elevation was significantly associated with air, soil, and water temperatures (p
Author: Craig A. Carr Publisher: ISBN: Category : Rivers Languages : en Pages : 310
Book Description
A case study was performed in 2000 and 2001 to characterize the thermal pattern of four morphologically similar eastern Oregon streams and to identify the physical and environmental factors that expressed significant and functionally viable relationships with stream temperature (daily maximum, daily minimum and daily rate of heating). Stream and environmental attributes were measured at various locations along each stream to provide a data set comprised of variables representing daily stream temperatures (minimum, maximum and rates of heating), daily air temperatures (minimum and maximum), shade, elevation, elevation change and length. Data from the 20 hottest days were analyzed using analysis of variance and regression-based path analysis. With the exception of those reaches that were influenced by groundwater or subsurface flow, downstream reaches consistently experienced increases in the daily maximum stream temperature. The most significant parameter with respect to daily maximum stream temperature appeared to be reach elevation; expressed through reach location in the watershed. Maximum air temperature also positively influenced maximum stream temperature however, only on streams that expressed significant variation in maximum air temperature. The dominant influence of groundwater on maximum stream temperature was also apparent. Significant reach level variation in daily minimum stream temperatures was not observed in this study, however most streams did record increases in the downstream direction. Daily minimum air temperature was consistent across all streams in expressing the most significant relationship with daily minimum stream temperature. With the exception of groundwater influenced reaches, all streams exhibited obvious downstream increases in the daily rate of stream heating. Daily minimum air temperature consistently exhibited a significant negative association with the rate of heating and a relationship was also implied between reach elevation, maximum stream temperature and minimum stream temperature and this stream temperature response. Groundwater and subsurface flow, when present, also appeared to influence the daily rate of stream heating. Resource management activities should have little impact on the parameters found, on these streams, to be associated with stream temperature. Location in the watershed and climatic influence through both minimum and maximum air temperatures emerged as the dominant factors with respect to stream thermal patterns.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Forest landscape management Languages : en Pages : 228
Book Description
The Interior Northwest Landscape Analysis System (INLAS) links a number of resource, disturbance, and landscape simulations models to examine the interactions of vegetative succession, management, and disturbance with policy goals. The effects of natural disturbance like wildfire, herbivory, forest insects and diseases, as well as specific management actions are included. The outputs from simulations illustrate potential changes in aquatic conditions and terrestrial habitat, potential for wood utilization, and socioeconomic opportunities. The 14 chapters of this document outline the current state of knowledge in each of the areas covered by the INLAS project and describe the objectives and organization of the project. The project explores ways to integrate the effects of natural disturbances and management into planning and policy analyses; illustrate potential conflicts among current policies, natural distrubances, and management activities; and explore the policy, economics, and ecological constraints associated with the application of effective fuel treatments on midscale landscapes in the interior Northwest.
Author: Karl T. Hopkins Publisher: ISBN: Category : Rivers Languages : en Pages : 252
Book Description
Many streams in eastern Oregon are listed as water quality impaired on the basis of water temperature. However, it is often difficult to predict water temperature for these streams even if there are no anthropogenic impacts. We measured air and water temperature and stream characteristics on three Type C and E channel streams to determine if stream type can help predict stream thermal characteristics. All six streams were hydrologically intact, assessed as Proper Functioning Condition (PFC), and were located in eastern and south central Oregon. Water and air temperatures and stream geomorphic data were taken during the summer months of 1998 and 1999. Average daily maximum and minimum water temperature and average daily maximum and minimum rates of change in water temperature following normalization of data with estimated water residence time were analyzed. There was more variation within stream type than across groups, which precluded separation of stream types based on thermal characteristics. Most streams regardless of type and year exhibited similar daily mean nighttime recoveries of approximately 0.53°C/hour cooling in the downstream direction following normalization by water residence time. All of the streams heated at least 1.0°C/hour during the day with some streams gaining 2.25°C/hour in the downstream direction following normalization by water residence time. Thermal variation among the streams was likely a result of the daily initial water temperature, the gradient between stream and thermal environment, and the varied physical character of each stream within type. Atmospheric temperature is probably the single most critical factor for characterizing stream temperature behavior during the periods of heating and cooling.
Author: Todd S. Bohle Publisher: ISBN: Category : Grande Ronde River Watershed (Or.) Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The Upper Grande Ronde River Watershed in northeastern Oregon is considered important habitat for threatened stocks of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Documented reductions in channel complexity and riparian vegetation within the watershed have increased concern over loss of viable habitat. An important component of salmonid habitat is stream temperature during critical summer periods. In general, annual maximum stream temperatures and diurnal fluctuations in the Upper Grande Ronde River were found to reflect local reach characteristics, position in the drainage, and large-scale changes in valley shape. Stream temperatures on the Grande Ronde River at a distance of 71 km from the watershed divide exceeded 14°C, the "upper preferred temperature" for chinook salmon, more than 90% of time in July of 1991 and in July and August of 1992. While the occurrence of temperatures above 14°C were less common in the headwaters of the Grande Ronde River, downstream of a large meadow (i.e., Vey Meadow) (29 km from the divide) 14°C was exceeded at least 60% of the time during the same three month period. Seven-day maximum stream temperatures on the Upper Grande Ronde River ranged between 17.9°C and 26.6°C in 1991 and between 19.1°C and 26.7°C in 1992. Diel fluctuations on the mainstem were greatest immediately below Vey Meadow (about 12°C) but tended to stabilize at approximately 8°C at distances of over 49 km from the divide. Maximum stream temperatures in tributaries of the Upper Grande Ronde River varied by as much as 11°C (during 1992), reflecting large differences in stream cover, aspect, and flow. The timing of annual maximums seemed to be strongly linked to aspect during 1992. In addition, the high-elevation, forested tributaries had annual maximum stream temperatures and diel fluctuations which were 3°C lower than those associated with more open, low-elevation sites. Relationships between stream temperatures, riparian vegetation, and channel morphology characteristics were evaluated for 11 tributary reaches. Differences in stream cover, average flow velocity, bankfull depth and percent undercut bank were found to be significantly (p
Author: Joseph Lamar Ebersole Publisher: ISBN: Category : Fishes Languages : en Pages : 402
Book Description
Discrete coldwater patches within warm streams provide potential thermal refuge for coldwater fishes during periods of heat stress. This analysis focused on heterogeneity in stream water temperatures as influenced by local influx of cooler subsurface waters. Using field thermal probes and recording thermistors, we identified and characterized coldwater patches potentially serving as thermal refugia for coldwater fishes. Coldwater patches within the surface waters of summer-warm streams generally occurred along the stream channel margin and were classified into four morphological types. Isolation, measured as distance of the coldwater patch from the main channel, was related to the composition of fish assemblages occurring within coldwater patches. Assemblages dominated by catostomids used coldwater patches furthest from the main channel, while salmonids utilized coldwater patches closer to the main channel. Increased isolation of coldwater patches from the main channel was hypothesized to incur greater risks of predation and greater energetic demands on fishes moving between coldwater patches and the main channel. Coldwater patch isolation distance increased in stream channels that were wider and shallower, and riparian canopy density over coldwater patches decreased with increasing channel width:depth. Strong vertical gradients in temperature associated with heating of surface layers of coldwater patches exposed to solar radiation superimposed upon vertical gradients in dissolved oxygen may restrict suitable refuge volumes for stream salmonids within coldwater patches. These relationships suggest that stream channel and riparian characteristics may influence connectivity and suitability of coldwater patches for stream fishes. Coldwater patch availability (measured as frequency and relative area) was positively associated with higher abundances of rainbow trout within stream reaches, after accounting for other habitat characteristics influencing abundance. Chinook salmon abundance was positively associated with coldwater patch frequency, but was not associated with coldwater patch area within streams. These results suggest that the physiognomy, distribution and connectivity of coldwater patches, important attributes determining the effectiveness of these habitats as thermal refugia for stream fishes, are associated with reach-level channel bedform and riparian features. We propose that patterns of thermal heterogeneity associated with channel morphology may provide an important aspect of habitat structure for stream fishes.
Author: Cynthia L. Meays
Author: Cynthia L. Meays
Author: Craig A. Carr
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Author: 
Author: Karl T. Hopkins
Author: Frederick De Forest Heald
Author: John C. Risley
Author: Todd S. Bohle
Author: Joseph Lamar Ebersole
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