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Author: Aleksandr I. Volokitin Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3662534746 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 421
Book Description
This book provides a general formalism for the calculation of the spectral correlation function for the fluctuating electromagnetic field. The procedure is applied to the radiative heat transfer and the van der Waals friction using both the semi-classical theory of the fluctuating electromagnetic field and quantum field theory. Applications of the radiative heat transfer and non-contact friction to scanning probe spectroscopy are presented. The theory gives a tentative explanation for the experimental non-contact friction data. The book explains that radiative heat transfer and the van der Waals friction are largely enhanced at short separations between the bodies due to the evanescent electromagnetic waves. Particular strong enhancement occurs if the surfaces of the bodies can support localized surface modes like surface plasmons, surface polaritons or adsorbate vibrational modes. An electromagnetic field outside a moving body can also be created by static charges which are always present on the surface of the body due to inhomogeneities, or due to a bias voltage. This electromagnetic field produces electrostatic friction which can be significantly enhanced if on the surface of the body there is a 2D electron or hole system or an incommensurate adsorbed layer of ions exhibiting acoustic vibrations.
Author: Aleksandr I. Volokitin Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3662534746 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 421
Book Description
This book provides a general formalism for the calculation of the spectral correlation function for the fluctuating electromagnetic field. The procedure is applied to the radiative heat transfer and the van der Waals friction using both the semi-classical theory of the fluctuating electromagnetic field and quantum field theory. Applications of the radiative heat transfer and non-contact friction to scanning probe spectroscopy are presented. The theory gives a tentative explanation for the experimental non-contact friction data. The book explains that radiative heat transfer and the van der Waals friction are largely enhanced at short separations between the bodies due to the evanescent electromagnetic waves. Particular strong enhancement occurs if the surfaces of the bodies can support localized surface modes like surface plasmons, surface polaritons or adsorbate vibrational modes. An electromagnetic field outside a moving body can also be created by static charges which are always present on the surface of the body due to inhomogeneities, or due to a bias voltage. This electromagnetic field produces electrostatic friction which can be significantly enhanced if on the surface of the body there is a 2D electron or hole system or an incommensurate adsorbed layer of ions exhibiting acoustic vibrations.
Author: William T Coffey Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 9811217297 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 709
Book Description
Presenting in a coherent and accessible fashion current results in nanomagnetism, this book constitutes a comprehensive, rigorous and readable account, from first principles of the classical and quantum theories underlying the dynamics of magnetic nanoparticles subject to thermal fluctuations.Starting with the Larmor-like equation for a giant spin, both the stochastic (Langevin) equation of motion of the magnetization and the associated evolution (Fokker-Planck) equation for the distribution function of the magnetization orientations of ferromagnetic nanoparticles (classical spins) in a heat bath are developed along with their solution (using angular momentum theory) for arbitrary magnetocrystalline-Zeeman energy. Thus, observables such as the magnetization reversal time, relaxation functions, dynamic susceptibilities, etc. are calculated and compared with the predictions of classical escape rate theory including in the most general case spin-torque-transfer. Regarding quantum effects, which are based on the reduced spin density matrix evolution equation in Hilbert space as is described at length, they are comprehensively treated via the Wigner-Stratonovich formulation of the quantum mechanics of spins via their orientational quasi-probability distributions on a classically meaningful representation space. Here, as suggested by the relevant Weyl symbols, the latter is the configuration space of the polar angles. Hence, one is led, by mapping the reduced density matrix equation onto that space, to a master equation for the quasi-probability evolution akin to the Fokker-Planck equation which may be solved in a similar way. Thus, one may study in a classical-like manner the evolution of observables with spin number ranging from an elementary spin to molecular clusters to the classical limit, viz. a nanoparticle. The entire discussion hinges on the one-to-one correspondence between polarization operators in Hilbert space and the spherical harmonics allied to concepts of spin coherent states long familiar in quantum optics.Catering for the reader with only a passing knowledge of statistical and quantum mechanics, the book serves as an introductory text on a complicated subject where the literature is remarkably sparse.
Author: Roland Wiesendanger Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319995588 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 390
Book Description
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the fascinating recent developments in atomic- and nanoscale magnetism, including the physics of individual magnetic adatoms and single spins, the synthesis of molecular magnets for spintronic applications, and the magnetic properties of small clusters as well as non-collinear spin textures, such as spin spirals and magnetic skyrmions in ultrathin films and nanostructures. Starting from the level of atomic-scale magnetic interactions, the book addresses the emergence of many-body states in quantum magnetism and complex spin states resulting from the competition of such interactions, both experimentally and theoretically. It also introduces novel microscopic and spectroscopic techniques to reveal the exciting physics of magnetic adatom arrays and nanostructures at ultimate spatial and temporal resolution and demonstrates their applications using various insightful examples. The book is intended for researchers and graduate students interested in recent developments of one of the most fascinating fields of condensed matter physics.
Author: Alexei A. Maradudin Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 038725580X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 513
Book Description
This book covers both experimental and theoretical aspects of nanoscale light scattering and surface roughness. Topics include: spherical particles located on a substrate; surface and buried interface roughness; surface roughness of polymer thin films; magnetic and thermal fluctuations at planar surfaces; speckle patterns; scattering of electromagnetic waves from a metal; multiple wavelength light scattering; nanoroughness standards.
Author: Xiaoming Liu Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Nanoscale materials usually present strikingly different properties in comparison with their bulk counterparts, such as quantum size effects, surface plasmon resonance (SPR). To explore new properties as well as for novel applications, nanomaterials are being extensively investigated. This project investigates the interactions of electromagnetic fields with nanoscale materials, particularly gold nanoparticles (GNPs), over a wide range of frequency bands, including static field, 261 kHz, 13.56 MHz, 2.45 GHz, millimetre wave, THz, and the visible light. Especially, the efforts have been devoted to the study of heating effect of GNPs in association with potential biomedical applications. To explain the electromagnetic heating of GNPs, dielectric properties of GNP dispersions has been studied from 100 MHz to 20 GHz, as well as in the millimetre wave -, and THz ranges. The static field induced effects on the size distribution of GNPs has also been examined using ultra-violet spectroscopy and correlated to SPR. It has been revealed that purified GNPs cannot increase the specific absorption rate substantially at whichever frequency points of 261 kHz, 13.56 MHz, or 2.45 GHz. However, a greater temperature rise has been observed in the impurified GNP dispersions compared to de ionised- water, after 10 min RP treatment at 13.56 MHz. The measurements on dielectric properties show that impurified samples have much higher effective conductivity than that of de ionised-water, while the conductivity change of purified ones is very small and not detectable within the measurement accuracy. This observation supports that the heating effect of GNP dispersions is mostly contributed by the impurities and disproves that GNPs can increase the specific absorption rate significantly. The magnetic field heating at 261 kHz suggests that GNPs have very weak magnetic properties. It has been found that a static field can change the size distribution of GNPs. Up to 2 THz, it is measured that the dielectric properties of GNP dispersions have no convincing change compared to deionised-water, implying that the electromagnetic heating of GNP below 2 THz may be insignificant. In addition, it is confirmed that GNPs have strong absorption in the visible light range due to SPR.
Author: Nils O. Petersen Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1482259109 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 459
Book Description
Do you ever wonder why size is so important at the scale of nanosystems? Do you want to understand the fundamental principles that govern the properties of nanomaterials? Do you want to establish a foundation for working in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology? Then this book is written with you in mind. Foundations for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology provides some of the physical chemistry needed to understand why properties of small systems differ both from their constituent molecular entities and from the corresponding bulk matter. This is not a book about nanoscience and nanotechnology, but rather an exposition of basic knowledge required to understand these fields. The collection of topics makes it unique, and these topics include: The concept of quantum confinement and its consequences for electronic behaviour (Part II) The importance of surface thermodynamics for activity and interactions of nanoscale systems (Part III) The need to consider fluctuations as well as mean properties in small systems (Part IV) The interaction of light with matter and specific applications of spectroscopy and microscopy (Part V) This book is written for senior undergraduates or junior graduate students in science or engineering disciplines who wish to learn about or work in the areas of nanoscience and nanotechnology, but who do not have the requisite background in chemistry or physics. It may also be useful as a refresher or summary text for chemistry and physics students since the material is focused on those aspects of quantum mechanics, thermodynamics, and statistical mechanics that specifically relate to the size of objects.
Author: Aleksandr I. Volokitin
Author: Aleksandr I. Volokitin
Author: William T Coffey
Author: Brenton Thomas
Author: Roland Wiesendanger
Author: Alexei A. Maradudin
Author: Joseph Antoine Garate
Author: Jari Lindberg
Author: Xiaoming Liu
Author: Nils O. Petersen
Author: Jeffrey Carl Gehrig