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Author: Maurizio Pompili Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers ISBN: 1608050491 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 294
Book Description
In the year 2000, approximately one million people died from suicide: a "global" mortality rate of 16 per 100,000, or one death every 40 seconds. In the last 45 years suicide rates have increased by 60% worldwide. Suicide is now among the three leading causes of death among those aged 15-44 years (both sexes); these figures do not include suicide attempts up to 20 times more frequent than completed suicide. Suicide worldwide is estimated to represent 1.8% of the total global burden of disease in1998, and 2.4% in countries with market and former socialist economies in 2020. Although traditionally suicide rates have been highest among the male elderly, rates among young people have been increasing to such an extent that they are now the group at highest risk in a third of countries, in both developed and developing countries. Mental disorders (particularly depression and substance abuse) are associated with more than 90% of all cases of suicide; however, suicide results from many complex sociocultural factors and is more likely to occur particularly during periods of socioeconomic, family and individual crisis situations (e.g., loss of a loved one, employment, honour). The economic costs associated with completed and attempted suicide are estimated to be in the billions of dollars. One million lives lost each year are more than those lost from wars and murder annually in the world. It is three times the catastrophic loss of life in the tsunami disaster in Asia in 2005. Every day of the year, the number of suicides is equivalent to the number of lives lost in the attack on the World Trade Center Twin Towers on 9/11 in 2001. Everyone should be aware of the warning signs for suicide: Someone threatening to hurt or kill him/herself, or taking of wanting to hurt or kill him/herself; someone looking for ways to kill him/herself by seeking access to firearms, available pills, or other means; someone talking or writing about death, dying or suicide, when these actions are out of the ordinary for the person. Also, high risk of suicide is generally associated with hopelessness; rage, uncontrolled anger, seeking revenge; acting reckless or engaging in risky activities, seemingly without thinking; feeling trapped – like there’s no way out; increased alcohol or drug use; withdrawing from friends, family and society, anxiety, agitation, unable to sleep or sleeping all the time; dramatic mood changes; no reason for living; no sense of purpose in life. Table 1: Understanding and helping the suicidal individual should be a task for all. Suicide Myths How to Help the Suicidal Person Warning Sights of Suicide Myth: Suicidal people just want to die. Fact: Most of the time, suicidal people are torn between wanting to die and wanting to live. Most suicidal individuals don’t want death; they just want to stoop the great psychological or emotional pain they are experiencing -Listen; -Accept the person’s feelings as they are; -Do not be afraid to talk about suicide directly -Ask them if they developed a plan of suicide; -Expressing suicidal feelings or bringing up the topic of suicide; -Giving away prized possessions settling affairs, making out a will; -Signs of depression: loss of pleasure, sad mood, alterations in sleeping/eating patterns, feelings of hopelessness; Myth: People who commit suicide do not warn others. Fact: Eight out of every 10 people who kill themselves give definite clues to their intentions. They leave numerous clues and warnings to others, although clues may be non-verbal of difficult to detect. -Remove lethal means for suicide from person’s home -Remind the person that depressed feelings do change with time; -Point out when death is chosen, it is irreversible; -Change of behavior (poor work or school performance) -Risk-taking behaviors -Increased use of alcohol or drugs -Social isolation -Developing a specific plan for suicide Myth: People who talk about suicide are only trying to get attention. They won’t really do it. Fact: Few commit suicide without first letting someone know how they feel. Those who are considering suicide give clues and warnings as a cry for help. Over 70% who do threaten to commit suicide either make an attempt or complete the act. -Express your concern for the person; -Develop a plan for help with the person; -Seek outside emergency intervention at a hospital, mental health clinic or call a suicide prevention center Myth: Don’t mention suicide to someone who’s showing signs of depression. It will plant the idea in their minds and they will act on it. Fact: Many depressed people have already considered suicide as an option. Discussing it openly helps the suicidal person sort through the problems and generally provides a sense of relief and understanding. Suicide is preventable. Most suicidal individuals desperately want to live; they are just unable to see alternatives to their problems. Most suicidal individuals give definite warnings of their suicidal intentions, but others are either unaware of the significance of these warnings or do not know how to respond to them. Talking about suicide does not cause someone to be suicidal; on the contrary the individual feel relief and has the opportunity to experience an empathic contact. Suicide profoundly affects individuals, families, workplaces, neighbourhoods and societies. The economic costs associated with suicide and self-inflicted injuries are estimated to be in the billions of dollars. Surviving family members not only suffer the trauma of losing a loved one to suicide, and may themselves be at higher risk for suicide and emotional problems. Mental pain is the basic ingredient of suicide. Edwin Shneidman calls such pain “psychache” [1], meaning an ache in the psyche. Shneidman suggested that the key questions to ask a suicidal person are ‘Where do you hurt?’ and ‘How may I help you?’. If the function of suicide is to put a stop to an unbearable flow of painful consciousness, then it follows that the clinician’s main task is to mollify that pain. Shneidman (1) also pointed out that the main sources of psychological pain, such as shame, guilt, rage, loneliness, hopelessness and so forth, stem from frustrated or thwarted psychological needs. These psychological needs include the need for achievement, for affiliation, for autonomy, for counteraction, for exhibition, for nurturance, for order and for understanding. Shneidman [2], who is considered the father of suicidology, has proposed the following definition of suicide: ‘Currently in the Western world, suicide is a conscious act of self-induced annihilation, best understood as a multidimensional malaise in a needful individual who defines an issue for which the suicide is perceived as the best solution’. Shneidman has also suggested that ‘that suicide is best understood not so much as a movement toward death as it is a movement away from something and that something is always the same: intolerable emotion, unendurable pain, or unacceptable anguish. Strategies involving restriction of access to common methods of suicide have proved to be effective in reducing suicide rates; however, there is a need to adopt multi-sectoral approaches involving other levels of intervention and activities, such as crisis centers. There is compelling evidence indicating that adequate prevention and treatment of depression, alcohol and substance abuse can reduce suicide rates. School-based interventions involving crisis management, self-esteem enhancement and the development of coping skills and healthy decision making have been demonstrated to reduce the risk of suicide among the youth. Worldwide, the prevention of suicide has not been adequately addressed due to basically a lack of awareness of suicide as a major problem and the taboo in many societies to discuss openly about it. In fact, only a few countries have included prevention of suicide among their priorities. Reliability of suicide certification and reporting is an issue in great need of improvement. It is clear that suicide prevention requires intervention also from outside the health sector and calls for an innovative, comprehensive multi-sectoral approach, including both health and non-health sectors, e.g., education, labour, police, justice, religion, law, politics, the media.
Author: Campo Arias, Adalberto Publisher: Editorial Unimagdalena ISBN: 9587466047 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 135
Book Description
This book updates knowledge about self-injurious behaviors for suicidal purposes concerning frequency, possibly biological, psychological, social, cultural, and political causes; that is, it approaches suicide from abroad non-reductive vision and considers the phenomenon's complexity. The source of information is the most recent scientific research —preferably systematic reviews and meta-analyses—given the wealth of data available on the subject of suicide. It includes novel topics such as non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors and suicidal behaviors in socially excluded groups due to ethnicity, sexual orientation, and immigrants. Likewise, it presents a comprehensive view of strategies for preventing suicidal behavior. Special attention was paid to the review and inclusion of research carried out in Colombia and other Latin American countries since studies published in Spanish are exceptionally considered in reviews in English. Each chapter is extensively referenced so that readers can delve into the details of each topic as they see fit. It is necessary to continue reviewing the evidence to reduce suicidal behaviors by implementing preventive programs in the most vulnerable social groups.
Author: Maurizio Pompili Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030420035 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 1479
Book Description
This book explores suicide prevention perspectives from around the world, considering both professionals’ points of view as well as first-person accounts from suicidal individuals. Scholars around the globe have puzzled over what makes a person suicidal and what is in the minds of those individuals who die by suicide. Most often the focus is not on the motives for suicide, nor on the phenomenology of this act, but on what is found from small cohorts of suicidal individuals. This book offers a tentative synthesis of a complex phenomenon, and sheds some light on models of suicide that are less frequently encountered in the literature. Written by international experts, it makes a valuable contribution to the field of suicidology that appeals to a wide readership, from mental health professionals to researchers in suicidology and students.
Author: María Esther Gilio Publisher: Libros del Zorzal ISBN: 9875992615 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 258
Book Description
A los 14 años, con la lectura de Análisis profano de Freud, se produce un quiebre en la vida de María Esther Gilio: “Después de haber pasado mi primera infancia diciendo ‘quiero ser médica de locos’, después de ver un film de Claudette Colbert en que ésta, con todo su encanto francés, convertía a locos furiosos en santos de estampita, quise ser psicoanalista”. Este es el testimonio de alguien que sospecha que hablar de uno mismo en el pasado es como hablar de otra persona, y que el presente surge permanentemente como un espejo que no siempre queremos enfrentar de manera directa (“Llegamos a hoy. Y yo no quiero escribir sobre mí misma”). Como si la conversación con quienes compartimos preciados intereses mostrara nuestra identidad más genuina, la autora –abogada, escritora, biógrafa y periodista– nos habla de experiencias de vida a través de una serie de entrevistas. Aparecen aquí algunos de los más importantes y prestigiosos psicoanalistas contemporáneos: Jean Laplanche, Jacques Alain Miller, Emilio Rodrigué, Elisabeth Roudinesco, Benzión Winograd, Silvia Bleichmar, Janine Altounian, Lito Benvenutti, Mordechai Benyakar, César Botella, Françoise Davoine, Jean-Max Gaudilliere, Daniel Gil, Max Hernández, Philippe Jeammet, François Marty, Paul Roazen y Teresa Yuan. De manera paulatina, el lector encontrará en estas páginas una impresión de coherencia ética y profesional en el tratamiento de temas que le dan sentido a aquel primer deseo, y que revelan que “nuestras decisiones siempre están estrechamente unidas a lo que imaginamos”.
Author: A.Ursula Goyzueta M. Publisher: Palibrio ISBN: 1463356218 Category : Biography & Autobiography Languages : en Pages : 429
Book Description
Una obra que además entraña fuertes denuncias contra sistemas y niveles que tratan de impedir la evolución da la humanidad. '' Los sueños son el lenguaje de tu ser interior... sigue sus señales ''
Author: AAOS, Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning ISBN: 1284151905 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 1615
Book Description
En 1971, la Academia Americana de Cirujanos Ortopedistas (AAOS) publicó la primera edición de Los Cuidados de Emergencia y Transporte de Enfermos y Heridos y sentó las bases para el entrenamiento de los SEM. Hoy en día, vemos cómo la undécima edición transforma la educación en los SEM llevándola a todo el mundo y ayudando a un desarrollo superior de los proveedores del SEM alrededor del planeta. Con base en los Estándares Nacionales de Educación de los SEM de Estados Unidos de América de y las guías 2015 de RCP/CCE del 2015, la undécima edición ofrece una cobertura completa de cada declaración de competencia con claridad y precisión en un formato conciso que asegura la comprensión del alumno y fomenta el pensamiento critico. Presenta un nuevo material cognitivo y didáctico, junto con nuevas destrezas y características para crear una solución de formación completa e innovadora para proveedores prehospitalarios. Hoy, el paquete de recursos educativos en SEM de la AAOS, desde primeros auxilios y RCP hasta el transporte de cuidados críticos, es el estándar de oro en materiales de capacitación, ofreciendo contenido excepcional y recursos de instrucción que satisfacen las diversas necesidades de los estudiantes y educadores de hoy en día. Contenido medico actualizado de ultima generación La undécima edición se alinea con los estándares médicos actuales — desde PHTLS hasta ILCOR — e incorpora conceptos médicos basados en evidencia para garantizar que los estudiantes e instructores tengan una interpretación precisa y profunda de la ciencia médica y su aplicación en la medicina prehospitalaria de hoy en día. Aplicación al Mundo Real del SEM A través de la evolución de estudios de caso de pacientes en cada capítulo, la undécima edición proporciona a los estudiantes el contexto de mundo real para aplicar los conocimientos adquiridos en cada capitulo clarificando cómo la información se utiliza para la atención de los pacientes en el campo e impulsa a los estudiantes a participar en el pensamiento crítico y la discusión. Una Fundación de por Vida La undécima edición parte de la premisa de que los estudiantes necesitan una base de fundamentos solidos y posteriormente refuerzo apropiado. La undécima edición proporciona a los estudiantes una comprensión amplia de la terminología médica, anatomía, fisiología y fisiopatología. Los conceptos son examinados brevemente y son relacionados con los capítulos posteriores, fortaleciendo los conocimientos fundamentales y ofreciendo un contexto cuando se estudian las emergencias específicas.
Author: Grace J. Craig Publisher: Pearson Educación ISBN: 9789684445161 Category : Juvenile Nonfiction Languages : en Pages : 726
Book Description
Designed for students from a wide range of backgrounds, this text takes a chronological and interdisciplinary approach to human development. With its focus on context and culture, the 8/E illustrates that the status of human development is inextricably embedded in a study of complex and changing cultures.
Author: Richard E. Behrman
Author: Richard E. Behrman
Author: J.P. Soubrier
Author: Maurizio Pompili
Author: Campo Arias, Adalberto
Author: Maurizio Pompili
Author: María Esther Gilio
Author: A.Ursula Goyzueta M.
Author: 
Author: AAOS,
Author: Grace J. Craig