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Author: Joana Silva Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 1464817227 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 385
Book Description
A region known for its volatility, Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) has suffered severe economic and social setbacks from crises—including the COVID-19 pandemic. These crises have taken their toll on careers, wage growth, and productivity. Employment in Crisis: The Path to Better Jobs in a Post-COVID-19 Latin America provides new evidence on the effects of crises on the region’s workers and firms and suggests several policy responses that can bolster long-term and inclusive economic growth. This report has three key findings. First, crises lead to persistent employment losses and accelerate structural changes away from the formal sector. This change occurs more through reductions in the creation of formal jobs than through job destruction. Second, some workers recover from crises, while others are permanently scarred by them. Low-skilled workers can suffer up to a decade of lower earnings caused by crises, while high-skilled workers rebound fast, exacerbating the LAC region’s high level of inequality. Formal workers suffer smaller employment and wage losses in localities with higher rates of informality. And the reduced job flows caused by crises decrease welfare, but workers in localities with more job opportunities, whether formal or informal, bounce back better. Third, crises’ cleansing effects can increase efficiency and productivity, but these effects are dampened by the LAC region’s less competitive market structure. Rather than becoming more agile and productive during economic downturns, protected sectors and firms gain market share and crowd out others, trapping valuable resources. This report proposes a three-pronged mix of policies to improve the LAC region’s responses to crises: • Create a more stable macroeconomic environment to smooth the impacts of crises, including automatic stabilizers such as unemployment insurance and short-term compensation programs; • Increase the capacity of social protection and labor programs to respond to crises and coalesce these programs into systems that complement income support with reemployment assistance and reskilling opportunities; and • Tackle structural issues, including the lack of product market competition and the spatial dimension behind poor labor market adjustment—a “good jobs and good firms†? agenda.
Author: Joana Silva Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 1464817227 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 385
Book Description
A region known for its volatility, Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) has suffered severe economic and social setbacks from crises—including the COVID-19 pandemic. These crises have taken their toll on careers, wage growth, and productivity. Employment in Crisis: The Path to Better Jobs in a Post-COVID-19 Latin America provides new evidence on the effects of crises on the region’s workers and firms and suggests several policy responses that can bolster long-term and inclusive economic growth. This report has three key findings. First, crises lead to persistent employment losses and accelerate structural changes away from the formal sector. This change occurs more through reductions in the creation of formal jobs than through job destruction. Second, some workers recover from crises, while others are permanently scarred by them. Low-skilled workers can suffer up to a decade of lower earnings caused by crises, while high-skilled workers rebound fast, exacerbating the LAC region’s high level of inequality. Formal workers suffer smaller employment and wage losses in localities with higher rates of informality. And the reduced job flows caused by crises decrease welfare, but workers in localities with more job opportunities, whether formal or informal, bounce back better. Third, crises’ cleansing effects can increase efficiency and productivity, but these effects are dampened by the LAC region’s less competitive market structure. Rather than becoming more agile and productive during economic downturns, protected sectors and firms gain market share and crowd out others, trapping valuable resources. This report proposes a three-pronged mix of policies to improve the LAC region’s responses to crises: • Create a more stable macroeconomic environment to smooth the impacts of crises, including automatic stabilizers such as unemployment insurance and short-term compensation programs; • Increase the capacity of social protection and labor programs to respond to crises and coalesce these programs into systems that complement income support with reemployment assistance and reskilling opportunities; and • Tackle structural issues, including the lack of product market competition and the spatial dimension behind poor labor market adjustment—a “good jobs and good firms†? agenda.
Author: Teresa Torres-Coronas Publisher: PUBLICACIONS UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI ISBN: 8484244105 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 491
Book Description
Since 2007 and the economic meltdown caused by the financial crisis, our societies have been evolving in different ways. New political movements have emerged in Southern Europe and new social movements in pursuit of common concerns are playing a more active role in our daily lives. In a parallel way, after the failure to predict the financial crisis, economist and social science researchers seek fresh thinking and new models that can better explain this new reality. Regulations are of critical importance in shaping the welfare of economies and society. Thus, core legal disciplines are exploring the effects of the financial crisis on social rights, labour market regulations, and civil, common law or international law, among others. With no doubt, the economic crisis has deeply impacted our economic, social, political and legal environment. During the last decade, researchers from a wide range of disciplines have been looking for solutions. Now it is time make a side stop on the way and to gather results. The 1rst International SBRLab Conference, Finding solutions for a post-crisis society, is organized by the Social and Business Research Lab (SBRLab), Universitat Rovira i Virgili. It is as an international and virtual meeting point of interdisciplinary research and researchers. The purpose of this international conference is to bring together researchers from management, economics, political, social and legal disciplines in order to present and discuss new trends in their respective fields.
Author: Publisher: International Labour Organization ISBN: 9789221091677 Category : Languages : en Pages : 182
Book Description
Festschrift celebrating 25 years of PREALC. Includes a description of activities and statements by former directors and prominent persons associated with the programme.
Author: Guillermo Beylis Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 1464816425 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 224
Book Description
La COVID-19 comenzó como una emergencia sanitaria, pero está evolucionando rápidamente hacia una crisis del empleo. Todavía existe incertidumbre sobre la gravedad del impacto económico de la pandemia. Sin embargo, el lastre para el empleo en la región podría prolongarse más que la propia pandemia. Más allá del impacto inmediato sobre el nivel de empleo, la crisis está profundizando y acelerando la transformación del empleo, anticipando el futuro. Efecto viral: COVID-19 y la transformación acelerada del empleo en América Latina y el Caribe se enfoca en las tendencias subyacentes que han estado cambiando significativamente el mercado laboral en la región: la desindustrialización prematura, la servicificación de la economía y los cambios en las habilidades requeridas en los empleos a medida que avanza la automatización. Las conclusiones de este informe tienen varias implicancias importantes para la política económica. Algunas de estas implicancias están relacionadas con los desafíos de productividad a los que ya se enfrentaba América Latina y el Caribe después del final de la Década Dorada en 2013. Otras implicancias políticas podrían comenzar a ganar relevancia por la crisis de COVID-19. A medida que los sectores se ven afectados de diferentes maneras y el trabajo a distancia se vuelve más común, los Gobiernos deben responder con medidas que apoyen una transformación fluida de los puestos de trabajo, que sean socialmente aceptables y que contribuyan al crecimiento de la productividad, incluida la inversion en el capital humano de la fuerza de trabajo. La transformación acelerada de los puestos de trabajo exige un nuevo planteamiento de la normativa laboral y las políticas de protección social. Los países de América Latina y el Caribe desarrollaron una arquitectura institucional orientada a los trabajadores asalariados del sector formal, que rápidamente se está volviendo anticuada. El informe, por ende, refiere a una agenda política que se ocupe de la regulación flexible de las formas emergentes de trabajo de manera que incentive el empleo y apoye la formalización, ampliando así la cobertura de la protección social a segmentos más amplios de la población.
Author: Maria Marta Ferreyra Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 1464817340 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 260
Book Description
La educación superior en América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) ha experimentado un extraordinario crecimiento con la llegada del nuevo milenio, pero la matrícula en programas de ciclo corto (PCC) sigue siendo relativamente baja. Los PCC —más cortos y prácticos que los programas universitarios— pueden generar capital humano calificado en poco tiempo. La crisis económica provocada por la pandemia del Covid-19 ha acentuado tendencias latentes como la automatización, el uso de plataformas electrónicas y la necesidad del aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida. Para hacer frente a estas demandas, se hace indispensable la formación complementaria y readaptación profesional de la población —una tarea particularmente adecuada para los PCC. La vía rápida hacia nuevas competencias: programas cortos de educación superior en América Latina y el Caribe explora los resultados del mercado laboral y los retornos de los PCC, estudia quiénes son sus proveedores e identifica las prácticas adoptadas por los mejores programas. Este volumen, fundamentado en datos exclusivos que incluyen una novedosa encuesta a directores de PCC en cinco países de ALC, concluye que, si bien los PCC generan, en promedio, buenos resultados en el mercado laboral, su calidad varía en gran medida. Los proveedores de PCC se adaptan con rapidez y flexibilidad a las necesidades de la economía local, y las prácticas específicas relacionadas con el personal docente, el apoyo a la búsqueda de empleo y la interacción con los posibles empleadores constituyen características inherentes a los mejores programas. La vía rápida hacia nuevas competencias se sirve de estas conclusiones para analizar cómo crear un entorno en el que se ofrezcan buenos programas y los estudiantes dispongan del interés y los medios para cursarlos. Además, hace hincapié en un sector de la educación superior que habitualmente ha pasado desapercibido, tanto en el ámbito de la investigación como de la política. La vía rápida hacia nuevas competencias despertará el interés de las autoridades responsables del diseño de las políticas, el personal investigador y el público en general.
Author: Alejandro Portes Publisher: Univ of California Press ISBN: 0520286294 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 298
Book Description
Much like the United States, the countries of Western Europe have experienced massive immigration in the last three decades. Spain, in particular, has been transformed from an immigrant-exporting country to one receiving hundreds of thousands of new immigrants. Today, almost 13 percent of the countryÕs population is foreign-born. Spanish Legacies, written by internationally known experts on immigration, explores how the children of immigrantsÑthe second generationÑare coping with the challenges of adaptation to Spanish society, comparing their experiences with those of their peers in the United States. Using a rich data set based on both survey and ethnographic material, Spanish Legacies describes the experiences of growing up by the large population of second-generation youths in Spain and the principal outcomes of the processÑfrom national self-identification and experiences of discrimination to educational attainment and labor-market entry. The study is based on a sample of almost 7,000 second-generation students who were interviewed in Madrid and Barcelona in 2008 and then followed and re-interviewed four years later. A survey of immigrant parents, a replacement sample for lost respondents in the second survey, and a survey of native-parentage students complement this rich data set. Outcomes of the adaptation process in Spain are systematically presented in five chapters, introduced by real-life histories of selected respondents drawn by the studyÕs ethnographic module. Systematic comparisons with results from the United States show a number of surprising similarities in the adaptation of children of immigrants in both countries, as well as differences marked by contrasting experiences of discrimination, self-identities, and ambition. Ê
Author: Joana Silva Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 1464816913 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 327
Book Description
A region known for its volatility, Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) has suffered severe economic and social setbacks from crises—including the COVID-19 pandemic. These crises have taken their toll on careers, wage growth, and productivity. Employment in Crisis: The Path to Better Jobs in a Post-COVID-19 Latin America provides new evidence on the effects of crises on the region’s workers and firms and suggests several policy responses that can bolster long-term and inclusive economic growth. This report has three key findings. First, crises lead to persistent employment losses and accelerate structural changes away from the formal sector. This change occurs more through reductions in the creation of formal jobs than through job destruction. Second, some workers recover from crises, while others are permanently scarred by them. Low-skilled workers can suffer up to a decade of lower earnings caused by crises, while high-skilled workers rebound fast, exacerbating the LAC region’s high level of inequality. Formal workers suffer smaller employment and wage losses in localities with higher rates of informality. And the reduced job flows caused by crises decrease welfare, but workers in localities with more job opportunities, whether formal or informal, bounce back better. Third, crises’ cleansing effects can increase efficiency and productivity, but these effects are dampened by the LAC region’s less competitive market structure. Rather than becoming more agile and productive during economic downturns, protected sectors and firms gain market share and crowd out others, trapping valuable resources. This report proposes a three-pronged mix of policies to improve the LAC region’s responses to crises: •Create a more stable macroeconomic environment to smooth the impacts of crises, including automatic stabilizers such as unemployment insurance and short-term compensation programs; •Increase the capacity of social protection and labor programs to respond to crises and coalesce these programs into systems that complement income support with reemployment assistance and reskilling opportunities; and •Tackle structural issues, including the lack of product market competition and the spatial dimension behind poor labor market adjustment—a “good jobs and good firms†? agenda.
Author: Publisher: Ediciones AKAL ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 162
Book Description
Author: Publisher: Bib. Orton IICA / CATIE ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 224
Author: Joana Silva
Author: Joana Silva
Author: Teresa Torres-Coronas
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Author: Guillermo Beylis
Author: Maria Marta Ferreyra
Author: Alejandro Portes
Author: Philippe Egger
Author: Joana Silva
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Author: