Effet du réseau bocager sur l'organisation des sols PDF Download

Author: Stéphane Follain
Publisher:
ISBN: 9782914375405
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 241

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Author: Stéphane Follain
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 240

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Book Description
L'effet du réseau bocager sur l'organisation des sols à l'échelle d'un paysage reste mal connu, car la majortié des études ont été menées en deux dimensions, en se limitant souvent à des contextes de talus perpendiculaires à la ligne de plus grande pente. L'extrapolation des résultats ainsi obtenus à l'ensemble du paysage est de ce fait difficile et conduit à une mésestimation de l'impact du bocage sur les sols. Les objectifs de ce travail étaient de comprendre et de quantifier à l'échelle d'un paysage bocager l'effet du système talus/haie sur l'organisation des sols et sur les stocks de carbone organique associés ainsi que de décrire la dynamique des processus spatiaux qui ont conduit aux organisations observées. Pour y parvenir la démarche adoptée a combiné trois approches complémentaires. Tout d'abord nous avons conduit une étude de terrain dans un paysage bocager historiquement documenté et offrant des conditions topopaysagères contrastées avec pour but une caractérisation spatiale de l'effet du réseau bocager qui prenne en compte l'action de l'homme et la nature tridimensionnelle de la couverture pédologique à l'échelle du paysage. Ensuite nous avons couplé des approches de datation relative (analyse de documents historiques et géométrie des horizons) et absolue (carbone-14, césium-137), complémentaires des approches spatiales pour dater les sols et analyser la dynamique des processus à l'origine des modifications de leur organisation spatiale. Cette prise en compte de la dimension temporelle était nécessaire pour améliorer notre compréhension des processus de redistribution en sol et nous permettre d'engager une modélisation spatiale et temporelle simulant des évolutions du paysage bocager en fonction de différents scénarii d'occupation des sols.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bocages
Languages : fr
Pages : 614

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Category : Agricultural ecology
Languages : en
Pages : 420

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Author: Michael Jones
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9048199328
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 327

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This important and insightful book provides, for the first time, a broad presentation of ongoing research into public participation in landscape conservation, management and planning, following the 2000 European Landscape Convention which came into force in 2004. The book examines both the theory of participation and what lessons can be learnt from specific European examples. It explores in what manner and to what extent the provisions for participation in the European Landscape Convention have been followed up and implemented. It also presents and compares different experiences of participation in selected countries from northern, southern, eastern and western Europe, and provides a critical examination of public participation in practice. However, while the book’s focus is necessarily on Europe, many of the conclusions drawn are of global relevance. The book provides a valuable reference for researchers and advanced students in landscape policies and management, as well as for professionals and others interested in land-use planning and environmental management.

Author: Demetris Demetriou
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3319023470
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 351

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This book provides an extensive review of three interrelated issues: land fragmentation, land consolidation, and land reallocation, and it presents in detail the theoretical background, design, development and application of a prototype integrated planning and decision support system for land consolidation. The system integrates geographic information systems (GIS) and artificial intelligence techniques including expert systems (ES) and genetic algorithms (GAs) with multi-criteria decision methods (MCDM), both multi-attribute (MADM) and multi-objective (MODM). The system is based on four modules for measuring land fragmentation; automatically generating alternative land redistribution plans; evaluating those plans; and automatically designing the land partitioning plan. The presented research provides a new scientific framework for land-consolidation planning both in terms of theory and practice, by presenting new findings and by developing better tools and methods embedded in an integrated GIS environment. It also makes a valuable contribution to the fields of GIS and spatial planning, as it provides new methods and ideas that could be applied to improve the former for the benefit of the latter in the context of planning support systems. “From the 1960s, ambitious research activities set out to observe regarding IT-support of the complex and time consuming redistribution processes within land consolidation – without any practically relevant results, until now. This scientific work is likely to close that gap. This distinguished publication is highly recommended to land consolidation planning experts, researchers and academics alike.” – Prof. Dr.-Ing. Joachim Thomas, Münster/ Germany "Planning support systems take new scientific tools based on GIS, optimisation and simulation and use these to inform the process of plan-making and policy. This book is one of the first to show how this can be consistently done and it is a triumph of demonstrating how such systems can be made operational. Essential reading for planners, analysts and GI scientists." – Prof. Michael Batty, University College London

Author: Ana Duarte Rodrigues
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030340619
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 387

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This volume approaches the history of water in the Iberian Peninsula in a novel way, by linking it to the ongoing international debate on water crisis and solutions to overcome the lack of water in the Mediterranean. What water devices were found? What were the models for these devices? How were they distributed in the villas and monastic enclosures? What impact did hydraulic theoretical knowledge have on these water systems, and how could these systems impact on hydraulic technology? Guided by these questions, this book covers the history of water in the most significant cities, the role of water in landscape transformation, the irrigation systems and water devices in gardens and villas, and, lastly, the theoretical and educational background on water management and hydraulics in the Iberian Peninsula between the sixteenth and the nineteenth centuries. Historiography on water management in the territory that is today Spain has highlighted the region’s role as a mediator between the Islamic masters of water and the Christian world. The history of water in Portugal is less known, and it has been taken for granted that is similar to its neighbour. This book compares two countries that have the same historical roots and, therefore, many similar stories, but at the same time, offers insights into particular aspects of each country. It is recommended for scholars and researchers interested in any field of history of the early modern period and of the nineteenth century, as well as general readers interested in studies on the Iberian Peninsula, since it was the role model for many settlements in South America, Asia and Africa.

Author: Hubert Cochet
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9401798281
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 159

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In the first section dedicated to theoretical thoughts on comparative agriculture, Hubert Cochet introduces the notion of “agricultural development”, the very subject of comparative agriculture, with a restored endogenous dimension. He then describes how this approach was slowly consolidated, around the concept of agrarian system in particular. The comparison of agricultural transformations in time and space highlights the importance of the comparatist approach to production processes, their trajectories and differentiation on a worldwide scale. The second section which focuses on the methods and expertise of comparative agriculture, tackles the issues of landscape analysis, field surveys and the historical approach underlying comparative agriculture. It sums up the economic tools mobilised as well as the evaluation perspectives opened up by comparative agriculture.

Author: Alexander Wezel
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 178634307X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 502

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Book Description
Good agroecological practices are indispensable for the development of sustainable agriculture. In this book, principles, diversity and applications of agroecological practices for a range of systems are presented, transforming scientific research and participatory knowledge of production into practical application. It illustrates a broad range of research and teaching being used within the farming community to demonstrate best practice and current state-of-play within the field. Agroecological methods used in crop farming, grass-based livestock farming, fish production, and other complex farming systems are discussed. Conclusions are drawn from studies to provide an outlook on future trends of agroecological practices and on policies supporting implementation.Due to emphasis on real-life application, it is relevant not only to students of the agricultural sciences and public policy, but also to researchers, stakeholders and policy makers involved in the development of sustainable agriculture.

Author: Stefan Kuks
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9781402024818
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 298

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Book Description
This book examines water management integration in the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Spain, Italy and Switzerland, based on the European research project EUWARENESS. Coverage includes 12 country-specific case studies, examining theory on water governance, institutional regimes, and property rights, resulting in a tool for monitoring the progress of integrated water management at the basin level in EU member states or other countries.