Effects of Tillage on Soil Temperature and Moisture Regimes PDF Download

Author: Michael D. Johnson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Conservation tillage
Languages : en
Pages : 284

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Author: R. Lal
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9789251037768
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 228

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Book Description
The objectives of this Bulletin are to collate up-to-date information on soil tillage requirements for soils in the tropics; to assess the impacts of different ways of tillage on soil, environment and crop productivity; and to outline criteria for developing environment-friendly and economically viable tillage techniques for sustainable use of soil and water resources

Author: Prabhakar Singh
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hydrology
Languages : en
Pages : 85

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Author: Rahman Hassan Azooz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 354

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Author: Carl Louis Englehorn
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 44

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Author: Mahdi M. Al-Kaisi
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128054018
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 420

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Book Description
Soil Health and Intensification of Agroecosystems examines the climate, environmental, and human effects on agroecosystems and how the existing paradigms must be revised in order to establish sustainable production. The increased demand for food and fuel exerts tremendous stress on all aspects of natural resources and the environment to satisfy an ever increasing world population, which includes the use of agriculture products for energy and other uses in addition to human and animal food. The book presents options for ecological systems that mimic the natural diversity of the ecosystem and can have significant effect as the world faces a rapidly changing and volatile climate. The book explores the introduction of sustainable agroecosystems that promote biodiversity, sustain soil health, and enhance food production as ways to help mitigate some of these adverse effects. New agroecosystems will help define a resilient system that can potentially absorb some of the extreme shifts in climate. Changing the existing cropping system paradigm to utilize natural system attributes by promoting biodiversity within production agricultural systems, such as the integration of polycultures, will also enhance ecological resiliency and will likely increase carbon sequestration. - Focuses on the intensification and integration of agroecosystem and soil resiliency by presenting suggested modifications of the current cropping system paradigm - Examines climate, environment, and human effects on agroecosystems - Explores in depth the wide range of intercalated soil and plant interactions as they influence soil sustainability and, in particular, soil quality - Presents options for ecological systems that mimic the natural diversity of the ecosystem and can have significant effect as the world faces a rapidly changing and volatile climate

Author: Mark Allen Licht
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 152

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Tillage systems can affect soil productivity, crop N availability and use efficiency, and seedbed conditions (soil temperature, moisture, and penetration resistance). The challenges associated with some tillage systems, namely conventional tillage and no-tillage, have prompted this study to (i) evaluate the effects of strip-tillage on corn (Zea mays L.) productivity as compared to conventional tillage and no-tillage (ii) identify the effect of strip-tillage and N timing on the N availability and use efficiency (iii) determine the impact of strip-tillage on soil moisture, temperature, and penetration resistance. The study was conducted at two sites in 2001 and 2002. One site was near Ames, Iowa where the soils were Nicollet (Aquic Hapludolls) and Webster (Typic Haplaquolls). The second site was near Nashua, Iowa where the soils were Kenyon (Typic Hapludolls) and Floyd (Aquic Hapludolls). The impacts of tillage treatments on crop response were determined by measuring corn emergence, dry matter, plant N uptake, and grain yield. Residual soil NO3-N, NO3-N movement, and water use efficiency, along with soil temperature and soil penetration resistance, were estimated for different tillage systems. Results of this study suggest strip-tillage offers no significant advantages in improving corn production over no-tillage or conventional tillage. In this study, strip-tillage had a slight advantage early in the growing season in improving corn emergence due to improvement of soil temperature over no-tillage by 1.4-1.9°C, but this advantage did not significantly increase yields. There was no significant difference in soil moisture content between all tillage systems at any depth, but generally strip-tillage showed greater water content than conventional tillage and a similar water content to no-tillage at the lower soil depths. Strip-tillage had no significant advantages in improving plant N uptake, water use efficiency, or reducing N leaching over no-tillage regardless of the timing of tillage implementation and N fertilizer application. Soil penetration resistance of strip-tillage was often comparable with no-tillage, but greater than conventional tillage at the 0-20 cm depth. Penetration resistance and soil moisture for all treatments were inversely related throughout the soil profile, where the differences were most pronounced at the 30 and 60 cm depths.

Author: Jacob W. Elder
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : No-tillage
Languages : en
Pages : 270

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Abstract: Worldwide, peatlands cover approximately 2% of the Earth's surface, but contain an estimated 455 Pg of carbon (C), or 1/3 of the terrestrial C pool. Upon drainage and cultivation, progressive soil development strongly alters physical properties, and peat soils become tremendous sources of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4). No-till (NT) management has been shown to enhance soil physical characteristics and reduce the emission of GHG in mineral soils. The objectives of this study were to (i) assess the changes in soil physical properties with respect to drainage and land use, (ii) determine the effects of different tillage practices on physical properties of cultivated organic soils, (iii) compare soil moisture content, soil temperature, and GHG emission rates from mold board/disking, no-till, and bare treatments to determine organic matter decomposition, and (iv) measure the rate of subsidence associated with tillage. This report presents preliminary results of changes in soil physical properties, soil moisture content (SMC) and temperature, gaseous emissions, and subsidence rates observed following conversion from conventional plow tillage to no-till management in a Histosol of north central Ohio. Core samples and gas samples were obtained from several associated soil series in the muck area and from experimental plots managed with moldboard plow (MB), no-till (NT), or left bare (B). In general, Pb increased, jc decreased, and organic matter (OM), total carbon (TC), and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations decreased with drainage and land use change. Conversion of plow tillage to NT increased Pb from 0.52 Mg m−3 to 0.57 Mg m−3 , and decreased f[t] from 0.72 m3 m−3 to 0.70 m3 m−3. However, available water content (AWC) increased from 0.98 cm to 1.36 cm in the 0-10 cm layer, as did the proportion of micro- pores (0.1-15 um) with conversion to NT. Annually, SMC was higher in MB treatments (0.90 ± 0.032 kg kg−1) than NT (0.87 ± 0.024 kg kg−1) or B (0.83 ± 0.02 kg kg−1). Daily mean temperatures at 5 cm depth were significantly higher in B (16.9 ± 1.20C) and MB (16.2 ± 1.2 0C) compared to NT (15.9 ± 1.2 0C). The CO2 emissions were lower under NT (18.92 Mg CO2-C ha−1 yr−1) than MB (22.5 18.92 Mg CO2-C ha−1 yr−1) while N2O emissions were significantly higher from MB (96.9 kg N20-N ha−1 yr−1) than NT (35.8 kg N20-N ha−1 yr−1) plots. In all treatments, both CH4 uptake and CH4 emission occurred. Reduced soil organic matter mineralization with NT can limit subsidence and conserve peat soils for an additional 50 to 70 years over MB.

Author: Richard Stephen Malek
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Corn
Languages : en
Pages : 258

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Author: Maria Angeles Munoz
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128121297
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 398

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Book Description
Soil Management and Climate Change: Effects on Organic Carbon, Nitrogen Dynamics, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions provides a state of the art overview of recent findings and future research challenges regarding physical, chemical and biological processes controlling soil carbon, nitrogen dynamic and greenhouse gas emissions from soils. This book is for students and academics in soil science and environmental science, land managers, public administrators and legislators, and will increase understanding of organic matter preservation in soil and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. Given the central role soil plays on the global carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles and its impact on greenhouse gas emissions, there is an urgent need to increase our common understanding about sources, mechanisms and processes that regulate organic matter mineralization and stabilization, and to identify those management practices and processes which mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, helping increase organic matter stabilization with suitable supplies of available N. - Provides the latest findings about soil organic matter stabilization and greenhouse gas emissions - Covers the effect of practices and management on soil organic matter stabilization - Includes information for readers to select the most suitable management practices to increase soil organic matter stabilization