Effects of Reduced Starch Diets and Starch Digestibility on Nutrient Digestibility, Microbial Protein Flow, and Lactation Performance of Dairy Cows PDF Download
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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
A meta-analysis, two animal experiments, and one data mining experiment were conducted to determine the effects of feeding reduced-starch (RS) diets and starch digestibility on dairy cattle performance. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effects of feeding RS diets on intake, lactation performance, and ruminal parameters. Dietary starch was reduced by partial replacement of grain with non-forage fiber sources or forages. Dry matter intake, milk, fat, and protein yield were decreased as dietary starch was reduced. Total ruminal volatile fatty acid concentration was decreased as dietary starch was reduced. Molar proportion of ruminal acetate was increased as dietary starch was reduced. Reducing dietary starch decreased lactation performance of dairy cows. The first animal experiment determined the effects of normal or RS diets and finely- or coarsely-ground corn on performance of lactating dairy cows. Milk and protein yields were reduced for cows fed RS diets, however, fat-corrected milk was increased for cows fed the normal-starch finely-ground corn and RS coarsely-ground corn diets. Ruminal digestibility of NDF was increased for cows fed the RS diets. Total tract digestibility of NDF was greater on the RS diets, while total tract starch digestibility was greater on the RS diets and the finely-ground corn diets. Cows fed the finely ground corn diets had greater ruminal propionate and lower rumen pH. The second animal experiment determined the effects of feeding RS diets by partially replacing corn grain with soyhulls (SH) or corn silage (CS), or CS and grain with SH. Partial replacement of corn grain with SH or CS increased milk fat content compared with partial replacement of CS and corn grain with SH. Partial replacement of corn grain with SH or CS increased total tract NDF and starch digestion. Diet digestibility and performance of mid-lactation cows fed RS diets by partially replacing corn grain with SH or CS was similar to or improved compared to cows fed a normal-starch diet. The third experiment tested whether total tract starch digestibility can be predicted from the concentration of starch in fecal dry matter. Total tract starch digestibility was predicted accurately from fecal starch concentration.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
A meta-analysis, two animal experiments, and one data mining experiment were conducted to determine the effects of feeding reduced-starch (RS) diets and starch digestibility on dairy cattle performance. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effects of feeding RS diets on intake, lactation performance, and ruminal parameters. Dietary starch was reduced by partial replacement of grain with non-forage fiber sources or forages. Dry matter intake, milk, fat, and protein yield were decreased as dietary starch was reduced. Total ruminal volatile fatty acid concentration was decreased as dietary starch was reduced. Molar proportion of ruminal acetate was increased as dietary starch was reduced. Reducing dietary starch decreased lactation performance of dairy cows. The first animal experiment determined the effects of normal or RS diets and finely- or coarsely-ground corn on performance of lactating dairy cows. Milk and protein yields were reduced for cows fed RS diets, however, fat-corrected milk was increased for cows fed the normal-starch finely-ground corn and RS coarsely-ground corn diets. Ruminal digestibility of NDF was increased for cows fed the RS diets. Total tract digestibility of NDF was greater on the RS diets, while total tract starch digestibility was greater on the RS diets and the finely-ground corn diets. Cows fed the finely ground corn diets had greater ruminal propionate and lower rumen pH. The second animal experiment determined the effects of feeding RS diets by partially replacing corn grain with soyhulls (SH) or corn silage (CS), or CS and grain with SH. Partial replacement of corn grain with SH or CS increased milk fat content compared with partial replacement of CS and corn grain with SH. Partial replacement of corn grain with SH or CS increased total tract NDF and starch digestion. Diet digestibility and performance of mid-lactation cows fed RS diets by partially replacing corn grain with SH or CS was similar to or improved compared to cows fed a normal-starch diet. The third experiment tested whether total tract starch digestibility can be predicted from the concentration of starch in fecal dry matter. Total tract starch digestibility was predicted accurately from fecal starch concentration.
Author: E.R. Orskov Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400907516 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 144
Book Description
This book is intended to be a companion volume to 'Protein Nutrition in Ruminants' (1982, Academic Press), which emphasized both the role of proteins and new systems for their evaluation. Here the focus is on energy-yielding nutrients and problems involved in evaluating them. Nonetheless in both volumes there is explicit recognition of the interdependence of energy and protein nutrition. I have not attempted to review comprehensively all the literature relating to ruminant energy nutrition and must apologize to colleagues whose work is not fully reported. Where possible tables and figures are taken from the studies of our group at the Rowett Research Institute since, if for no other reason, I am most familiar with these data. I have first considered the nutrition of the newborn and have stressed the role of behaviour 'in determining whether nutrients enter or bypass the rumen. The development of the rumen, the of anaerobic fermentation and the roles of various principles . species of rumen bacteria, protozoa and fungi in relation to different substrates, are summarized. This is followed by accounts of the factors affecting the utilization of different substrates and the v vi Preface absorption and metabolism of the end-products of fermentation and digestion, together with estimates of digestive capacity in various segments of the gut. The ruminant's requirements for energy-yielding nutrients is considered in relation to the per formance of various activities and to environmental conditions, particular attention being paid to the requirement for glucose precursors.
Author: Harald Volden Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9086867189 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 172
Book Description
NorFor is a semi-mechanistic feed evaluation system for cattle, which is used by advisors in Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. This book describes in detail the system and it covers five main sections. The first is concerned with information on feed characteristics, feed analysis and feed digestion methods. The second section describes the digestion and metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract and the supply and requirement of energy and metabolizable amino acids. The third section considers the prediction of feed intake and physical structure of the diet. The fourth section focuses on model evaluation and the final section provides information on the IT solutions and feed ration formulation by a non-linear economical optimization procedure. This book will be of significant interest to researchers, students and advisors of cattle nutrition and feed evaluation.
Author: Maris M. McCarthy Publisher: ISBN: Category : Amylases Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This thesis consisted of 2 experiments. The objective of Experiment 1 was to determine performance and digestibility response of lactating dairy cows to a reduced starch diet containing a commercial amylase product. The objective of Experiment 2 was to determine the effect of various levels of amylase on in vitro starch digestibility of 3 substrates. In Experiment 1, 19 multiparous (86 ± 46 DIM) and 5 primiparous (93 ± 8 DIM), were blocked by parity and DIM and assigned to treatments in a 3 × 3 Latin square design, with 28 d periods. Treatments were a normal starch TMR (NS), a reduced starch TMR (RS), and a reduced starch TMR with (351 KNU/ kg TMR DM) exogenous amylase added to the concentrate (RSE). The hypothesis was that reducing ration starch content would decrease milk production and diet digestibility compared to NS due to a decrease in available energy, and that RSE would alleviate some of this decrease by increasing nutrient digestibility. Rations were 41% concentrate and the NS TMR contained 12.8% corn grain, 2.9% soyhulls, and 2.9% citrus pulp. The RS and RSE TMR contained 6.0% corn grain, 6.9% soyhulls, and 6.9% citrus pulp. Starch concentrations in NS, RS, and RSE TMR were 27.5, 23.2, and 22.4%, respectively. Data were analyzed using a mixed model containing the fixed effects of treatment, week, period, and their interactions, and the random effects of cow and block. Feeding a RS diet compared with a NS diet resulted in decreased milk, FCM, milk protein yield, milk lactose yield, and increased MUN and NDF digestibility. Feeding the RSE diet resulted in increased milk protein percentage and increased DM, NDF, and CP digestibility. Exogenous amylase decreased milk lactose yield and tended to decrease milk yield and 3.5% FCM yield. In Experiment 2, NS and RS grain samples and corn starch were pre-incubated (18 h prior to start of in vitro) or co-incubated (during in vitro) with 4 levels of liquid amylase (0, 382, 1274, 3833 KNU/ kg substrate DM) and 7 h in vitro starch digestibility was measured. Data were analyzed using a mixed model including the fixed effects of substrate, amylase, preincubation, day, and all multi-way interactions. Pre-incubation of amylase with substrate for 18 h prior to in vitro resulted in increased starch digestibility compared to co-incubated samples. The starch digestibility for co-incubated samples was greatest at amylase application of 383 and 1274 KNU/kg substrate DM. While the addition of exogenous amylase increased in vitro starch digestibility as well as increased the digestibility of some nutrients during the lactation trial, this did not result in improved animal production performance.
Author: Robert Jarrige Publisher: John Libbey Eurotext ISBN: 9780861962471 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 400
Book Description
Deals with feed evaluation systems, the nutrient requirements of ruminant livestock and the feeding value of a wide range of feedstuffs. This book lists about 800 typical forages, 65 crop residues and 120 concentrate and by-product feeds. It is suitable for teachers, specialist scientists and industrialists.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309069971 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 406
Book Description
This widely used reference has been updated and revamped to reflect the changing face of the dairy industry. New features allow users to pinpoint nutrient requirements more accurately for individual animals. The committee also provides guidance on how nutrient analysis of feed ingredients, insights into nutrient utilization by the animal, and formulation of diets to reduce environmental impacts can be applied to productive management decisions. The book includes a user-friendly computer program on a compact disk, accompanied by extensive context-sensitive "Help" options, to simulate the dynamic state of animals. The committee addresses important issues unique to dairy science-the dry or transition cow, udder edema, milk fever, low-fat milk, calf dehydration, and more. The also volume covers dry matter intake, including how to predict feed intake. It addresses the management of lactating dairy cows, utilization of fat in calf and lactation diets, and calf and heifer replacement nutrition. In addition, the many useful tables include updated nutrient composition for commonly used feedstuffs.
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Author: 
Author: E.R. Orskov
Author: Harald Volden
Author: Ollie Ezekiel Reed
Author: H. K. Goering
Author: Maris M. McCarthy
Author: Robert Jarrige
Author: National Research Council
Author: Barry Nestel
Author: Charles Andrew McPeake