Effects of Pre-partum and Post-partum Bolus Injections of Trace Minerals on Performance of Beef Cows and Calves Grazing Native Range

Effects of Pre-partum and Post-partum Bolus Injections of Trace Minerals on Performance of Beef Cows and Calves Grazing Native Range PDF Author: Lauren Rae Mundell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

Book Description
Our objective was to evaluate the effects of pre- and post-partum bolus injections of a trace mineral solution on beef cow reproductive performance, body weight (BW) change, and body condition score (BCS) change and on performance of suckling calves. Mature beef cows (n = 460; initial BW = 497± 89 kg, initial BCS = 5.4± 0.74) were stratified by BCS, parity, and predicted calving date and assigned randomly to 1 of 2 treatments: 1) subcutaneous trace mineral (TM) injection containing 15 mg/mL Cu, 5 mg/mL Se, 10 mg/mL Mn, and 60 mg/mL Zn or 2) subcutaneous injection of physiological saline (SA). Injections were administered to cows (1 mL / 90 kg BW) 105 days before the first projected calving date and again 30 days before fixed-time AI. Calves received the same treatment as their dams and were injected (1 mL / 45 kg BW) at birth and again at 71± 21 days of age. Cows grazed native pastures for the duration of the study; trace mineral supplements and white salt were available to all cattle ad libitum before and during the study. Ovulation was synchronized using a 5-d CO-Synch + CIDR protocol and cows were inseminated 60 to 64 hours after CIDR removal. Cows were exposed to fertile bulls for natural-service breeding 10 days after AI for 35 to 50 days. Conception to AI and final pregnancy rate were assessed 36 days after AI with ultrasound and 120 days after AI via rectal palpation. Change in BW and BCS from initiation of the study to calving and from AI to weaning did not differ (P [equal to or greater than] 0.15) between TM and SA cows. Conversely, TM cows had greater (P = 0.04) BCS increase than SA cows between calving and AI. Calf BW at birth, ADG, and age-adjusted weaning BW did not differ (P [equal to or greater than] 0.36) between treatments. Proportion of cows with estrus cycles 17 and 8 days before ovulation synchronization was similar (P [equal to or greater than] 0.51) between treatments. Conception to AI was greater (P = 0.05) for cows receiving TM (60.2%) than for cows receiving SA (51.2%); however, overall pregnancy did not differ (P = 0.24) between treatments and averaged 92%. Under the conditions of our study, pre- and post-partum TM injections improved conception to fixed-time AI by beef cows.

Effect of a Trace Mineral Injection on Beef Cattle Performance

Effect of a Trace Mineral Injection on Beef Cattle Performance PDF Author: Carmen J. Brasche
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 142

Book Description
Adequate trace mineral status is important in beef cow/calf and replacement heifer systems because trace minerals play vital roles in reproduction, immunity and growth. Many experiments have investigated the use of a trace mineral injection containing Cu, Mn, Se and Zn (TMI) on growth and immunity of beef cattle. However, very few have investigated TMI use on reproductive performance. Therefore, five experiments, a two year cow/calf experiment, and four replacement heifer experiments were designed to investigate the use of a TMI on reproductive performance of cows and heifers, calf growth and trace mineral status of cows, heifers, and calves. The use of the TMI at pre-calving and pre-breeding did not consistently improve reproductive performance of heifers and cows with good trace mineral statuses that were receiving supplemental trace minerals. There were no differences (P ≥ 0.36) in the AI pregnancy rate [48 and 38% control (CON) vs 44 and 39% TMI, year 1 and year 2, respectively] or overall pregnancy rate (93 and 93 % CON vs 93 and 90% TMI, year 1 and year 2, respectively) of cows receiving a TMI when compared to control cows during the two year trial. In experiment 1 beef heifers (Angus ́Hereford ́Simmental) were bred to fixed time AI, TMI heifers had increased overall pregnancy rates (83 vs 92%, CON vs TMI, respectively; P = 0.02). In experiment 2 beef heifers were AI bred to synchronization response, TMI had no effect (78 vs 83%, CON vs TMI, respectively, P = 0.46). Conception rates to AI and overall pregnancy were not affected by TMI use in two experiments using Black Angus beef heifers being developed in a dry lot fed adequate trace minerals in a total mixed ration. Growth of suckling calves measured as birth weight, average daily gain, actual weaning weight, and 205 d adjusted weight were not influenced by TMI. However, trace mineral status of all groups of cattle were increased with use of TMI. In heifers liver Cu and Se were increased (P

Trace Mineral Interaction on Reproductive Performance of Beef Cattle Under Range Conditions in Edwards and McCulloch Counties, Texas

Trace Mineral Interaction on Reproductive Performance of Beef Cattle Under Range Conditions in Edwards and McCulloch Counties, Texas PDF Author: John Conan Doyle
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Beef cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 252

Book Description


Pre- and Postpartum Trace Mineral Supplementation

Pre- and Postpartum Trace Mineral Supplementation PDF Author: Danny Kay Lovingier
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Heifers
Languages : en
Pages : 90

Book Description


Using Strategic Supplementation to Enhance Cow/calf Productivity in Summer Calving Herds in the Nebraska Sandhills

Using Strategic Supplementation to Enhance Cow/calf Productivity in Summer Calving Herds in the Nebraska Sandhills PDF Author: Nicole M. Woita
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Beef cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 0

Book Description
Young range beef cows consuming low-quality forage may result in an imbalance of energy and metabolizable protein, which can negatively affect the nutrient status of the cow and reproductive performance. In a 2-yr study conducted at Gudmundsen Sandhills Laboratory near Whitman, NE, 2- and 3-yr-old May-calving range cows (n = 181) grazing native range were individually supplemented daily with one of four supplements: 1) mineral with a target intake of 113 g/d (MIN), 2) MIN with 200 mg per head of Rumensin to with a target intake of 113 g/d (RUM), 3) MIN with a 226 g/d of high RUP sources with a target intake of 340 g/d (RUP), or 4) dried distiller grains at a rate of 907 g/d (DDG). Each year, supplementation started approximately 30 d before the breeding season and continued throughout the 45-d breeding season. Cow body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), and blood samples were taken biweekly beginning 40 d postpartum and ending 125 d postpartum. Milk production was collected at approximately 60 d postpartum. Cow BW, BW change, and BCS were not different (P ≥ 0.29) between supplementation treatment. Pregnancy rates were 82, 83, 92, and 89% for MIN, RUM, RUP, and DDG fed cows, respectively (P = 0.76). Calf BW at birth, 60-d BW, and 205-d BW were not affected (P ≥ 0.19) by dam supplementation. Cows receiving DDG had increased (P = 0.05) circulating serum glucose concentrations compared to MIN, with no difference between RUM and RUP. Cows receiving DDG and RUP had increased (P = 0.01) circulating serum urea nitrogen concentrations. Postpartum supplements did not affect (P = 0.13) circulating serum non-esterified fatty acid concentration. Milk production was not affected (P ≥ 0.11) by postpartum supplements. The results from this study suggest that supplying RUP, energy, or ionophores did not increase cow BW or BCS but, cows were able to maintain these metrics. However, additional protein and energy tended to increase glucose and serum urea nitrogen. The number of years and cows in this study may not have been enough to find differences among supplementation strategies; however, additional years and data may change observed results in this study.

Effect of Mineral Supplementation on Reproductive Efficiency of Beef Cows

Effect of Mineral Supplementation on Reproductive Efficiency of Beef Cows PDF Author: Felipe Guirado Dantas
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 71

Book Description
Reproductive efficiency is the major component for an economically efficient cow/calf operation and can be influenced by a number of factors such as breed, age, health and nutrition. Among the components of the diet, trace minerals are hypothesized to have a major impact reproductive efficiency in beef cattle. In order to test this specific hypothesis, a study directly evaluating the success of reproductive performance in cows fed complexed trace minerals versus inorganic trace mineral was designed. In this study, 68 cows where equally divided into treatment (cows fed with complexed trace minerals) and control (cows fed with inorganic trace minerals) groups. The cows started being fed 30 days prior to AI (d -30). Twenty-eight days after AI (d 28), all cows where diagnosed for pregnancy and non-pregnant cows where removed from the experiment. Twenty-four days after pregnancy diagnosis (d 52), pregnant cows where submitted to ovum pick-up (OPU) and a second OPU was performed on d 67. Although pregnancy rates did not differ (P = 0.33) between treatment and control, cows fed with complexed trace minerals had increased oocyte recovery (P = 0.03), in vitro embryo production (P = 0.06) and more efficient in vitro embryo production (P = 0.06). In summary, the results from this experiment demonstrated that supplementation of beef cows with a complexed source of trace minerals improves reproductive efficiency when compared to cows fed inorganic source of trace minerals.

Pre- and Postpartum Nutritional Effects on Milk Production, Milk Composition, Calf Weaning Weight and Postpartum Reproductive Performance of Commercial Beef Cows

Pre- and Postpartum Nutritional Effects on Milk Production, Milk Composition, Calf Weaning Weight and Postpartum Reproductive Performance of Commercial Beef Cows PDF Author: Jeffrey Mark Kearnan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Beef cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 222

Book Description


Agrindex

Agrindex PDF Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 1390

Book Description


Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle

Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle PDF Author: Subcommittee on Beef Cattle Nutrition
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309069343
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 249

Book Description
As members of the public becomes more concious of the food they consume and its content, higher standards are expected in the preparation of such food. The updated seventh edition of Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle explores the impact of cattle's biological, production, and environmental diversities, as well as variations on nutrient utilization and requirements. More enhanced than previous editions, this edition expands on the descriptions of cattle and their nutritional requirements taking management and environmental conditions into consideration. The book clearly communicates the current state of beef cattle nutrient requirements and animal variation by visually presenting related data via computer-generated models. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle expounds on the effects of beef cattle body condition on the state of compensatory growth, takes an in-depth look at the variations in cattle type, and documents the important effects of the environment and stress on food intake. This volume also uses new data on the development of a fetus during pregnancy to prescribe nutrient requirements of gestating cattle more precisely. By focusing on factors such as product quality and environmental awareness, Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle presents standards and advisements for acceptable nutrients in a complete and conventional manner that promotes a more practical understanding and application.

The Mineral Nutrition of Livestock

The Mineral Nutrition of Livestock PDF Author: Eric John Underwood
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 9780851995571
Category : Animal feeding
Languages : en
Pages : 0

Book Description
This book is an up to date reference work covering all aspects of macro and trace element nutrition in farm livestock. Sufficient information is given on metabolism, functions and interactions to explain why needs, feeds and imbalances are not always easy to define or anticipate. The major emphasis is on the mineral nutrition of ruminant livestock since they are most likely to be affected by imbalances but where pigs and poultry are the more vulnerable, extensive coverage of the non-ruminant is given. This new edition of a highly successful text has been thoroughly revised and significantly expanded. Many chapters have been extensively updated and several chapters on new topics introduced. * Calcium, phosphorus, sodium and potassium are now treated separately * Over 40 new figures are presented, and extensive use made oftables to summarise important data * Chapters on trace elements have been drastically revised * Claims for enhanced availability for new chelated sources arecritically reviewed * Completely new chapters focus on: The unique need of the ruminant for elemental sulphur Occasionally beneficial elements and essentially toxic elements The improved conduct and interpretation of supplementation trials