Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on cardiovascular disease PDF Download

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cardiovascular system
Languages : en
Pages : 8

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Author: U.s. Department of Health and Human Services
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781500334116
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 322

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Book Description
Numerous studies have examined the relationship between dietary fat and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Most early epidemiology studies noted very low cardiovascular mortality in populations with high fish consumption. The apparent benefit of dietary fish is explained by the intake of very long chain, highly polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids.5 Since these early studies, hundreds of observational and clinical trials have been conducted to analyze the effect of both marine and plant sources of omega-3 fatty acids on CVD and a wide range of risk factors and intermediate markers of CVD, and to define and explain the potential benefits of increased intake of the omega-3 fatty acids. The primary omega-3 fatty acids of interest include eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3), which are derived primarily from marine sources, and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3 n-3), which is derived primarily from plant sources. This report examines evidence addressing both the association in humans between omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular intermediate outcomes and risk factors and the association between omega-3 fatty acids and tissue or plasma levels of omega-3 fatty acids. The three specific populations of interest are healthy adults with no known CVD or risk factors; adults at increased risk of CVD due specifically to diabetes, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia; and adults with known CVD. The exposure of interest is omega-3 fatty acids. Questions of interest include how different sources, dosages, and relative proportions of the fatty acids differ in their effects on the outcomes of interest. Included are questions addressing possible differences between the effects of supplements (e.g., fish oil capsules) and dietary sources (e.g., fatty fish), the effect of duration of intervention or exposure, and whether any effect is sustained after stopping exposure. In addition, because of a lack of clarity regarding the most accurate measure of levels of omega-3 fatty acids in the body, we also address how omega-3 fatty acid intake relates to different measures of tissue and plasma fatty acid levels. A large number of putative risk factors for and intermediate markers of CVD exist, including markers for different aspects of CVD, markers for risk factors of CVD, and markers for other factors related to cardiovascular health. However, the relationship between most of these laboratory measurements or diagnostic tests and aspects of atherosclerosis such as inflammation, are generally unproven. The relationships between these factors and actual clinical disease and events are generally even more theoretical. Based on these limitations and the available data, the effects of omega-3 fatty acid intake on the following risk factors are addressed in this report: total cholesterol; low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL); high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL); triglycerides (Tg); lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)]; apolipoprotein (apo) A1; apo B; apo B-100 and LDL apo B; systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP); hemoglobin (Hgb) A1c; fasting blood sugar (FBS); fasting insulin; C-reactive protein (CRP); fibrinogen; factors VII, VIII, and von Willebrand factor (vWF); and platelet aggregation. In addition, we examine the following intermediate markers of CVD: coronary artery restenosis after angioplasty, carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), exercise tolerance testing (ETT), and heart rate (HR) variability.

Author: Lindsay Brown
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 303842272X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 325

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This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Health and Disease" that was published in JCM

Author: Paramjit S. Tappia
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3039288873
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 278

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There is unequivocal experimental, epidemiological, and clinical evidence demonstrating a correlation between diet and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). While nutritionally-poor diets can have a significant negative impact on cardiovascular health, dietary interventions with specific nutrients and/or functional foods are considered cost-effective and efficient components of prevention strategies. It has been estimated that nutritional factors may be responsible for approximately 40% of all CVD. Indeed, in one of the seminal studies conducted on modifiable risk factors and heart health (the INTERHEART study), >90% of all myocardial infarctions were attributed to preventable environmental factors with nutrition identified as one of the important determinants of CVD. There is an increasing public interest in and scientific investigation into establishing dietary approaches that can be undertaken for the prevention and treatment of CVD. This Special Issue provides an insight into the influential role of nutrition and dietary habits on cardiovascular health and disease, as well as their mechanisms of therapeutic and preventive action.

Author: Elliott M. Antman
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 143771093X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 973

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Book Description
This companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease equips you with all of today's most effective therapeutic guidelines and management solutions for the full range of heart disease patients. It reflects the most recent standards for drug management as well as the latest in new technologies. Reorganized to mirror your changing practice, each cardiovascular-problem-based section offers a chapter on pharmacologic treatment (with a minimum of pathophysiology)...a chapter on catheter-based or minimally invasive interventions...and a discussion of surgical options. You'll also find a brand-new chapter on gene therapy and stem cell therapy, plus new chapters on many other rapidly developing areas of practice. The result is an outstanding single-volume source for state-of-the-art, clinically oriented guidance on both common and unusual areas of cardiovascular treatment. Facilitates the decision-making process clinicians face when choosing among various cardiovascular therapeutic options. covers the latest concepts in pathophysiology, evaluation, and management of patients with cardiovascular disorders Addresses pharmacological, interventional, and surgical management approaches for each type of cardiovascular disease, putting advice on the full range of therapeutic options at your disposal. Keeps you current with brand-new chapters on gene therapy and stem cell therapy * unstable and chronic stable angina * management of unstable angina and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction * devices for heart failure and arrhythmias * prevention of ischemic disease * the regulatory approval process for new cardiovascular drugs and devices * and more. Delivers a fully revised section on "Heart Failure" that explores cardiac resynchronization therapy, surgical interventions, ambulatory management, hospital management, and cardiac transplantation and circulatory support devices. Offers a completely updated section on "Other Cardiovascular Conditions" that addresses issues such as pharmacologic treatment of cardiovascular disease during pregnancy * care for adults with congenital heart disease * treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension * prevention and treatment of infective endocarditis * treatment of pericardial disease * and rehabilitation of the patient with cardiovascular disease. Reflects a new emphasis on the role of diet and exercise in the management of cardiovascular problems in conformity with ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 226

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Author: Antonio M. Gotto
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 142001966X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 798

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Filling a large gap in the literature, this book focuses on the management of patients who have, or are at risk of developing, cardiovascular disease. Designed to serve as a resource for the busy, practicing clinician, the approach is evidence-based but practical. Conceptual development and the exploration of biochemical and physiological mechanism

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309039940
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 765

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Book Description
Diet and Health examines the many complex issues concerning diet and its role in increasing or decreasing the risk of chronic disease. It proposes dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of the major diseases and causes of death today: atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (including heart attack and stroke), cancer, high blood pressure, obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and dental caries.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 2002

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Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.

Author: Ann M. Coulston
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128029471
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 1075

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Book Description
Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease, Fourth Edition, is a compilation of current knowledge in clinical nutrition and an overview of the rationale and science base of its application to practice in the prevention and treatment of disease. In its fourth edition, this text continues the tradition of incorporating new discoveries and methods related to this important area of research Generating and analyzing data that summarize dietary intake and its association with disease are valuable tasks in treating disease and developing disease prevention strategies. Well-founded medical nutrition therapies can minimize disease development and related complications. Providing scientifically sound, creative, and effective nutrition interventions is both challenging and rewarding. - Two new chapters on metabolomics and translational research, which have come to be used in nutrition research in recent years. The new areas of study are discussed with the perspective that the application of the scientific method is by definition an evolutionary process. - A new chapter on Genetics and Diabetes which reviews the latest research on causal genetic variants and biological mechanisms responsible for the disease, and explores potential interactions with environmental factors such as diet and lifestyle. - Includes all major "omics" – the exposome, metabolomics, genomics, and the gut microbiome. - Expands the microbiota portions to reflect complexity of diet on gut microbial ecology, metabolism and health