Author: Sujaya Neupane Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
"Repetitive Transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been used to treat neurological diseases as well as to understand brain-behavior relationship. However, the underlying effects of rTMS at the neuronal level have not been studied extensively enough to corroborate the findings from behavioral TMS experiments in humans. We have recorded spikes and local field potential from visual cortical area 18 of anesthetized and paralyzed cats using 10x10 multi-electrode array before and after the application of rTMS. Using 4Hz and 20Hz rTMS, we have found evidence that at the neuronal level, both the low and high frequency TMS causes suppression of evoked activity with statistical significance. We also used orientation tuning curves of multiple cortical sites as a behavioral analogue to test the state-dependent effects of rTMS. Both the conditioned and the non-conditioned TMS caused suppression of tuning behavior of the neurons. Activated cortical state was achieved by conditioning rTMS pulses with visual stimulus. We have observed that the change caused by rTMS in the tuning behavior of the neurons was in the same direction whether or not the cortex was at an activated state when TMS was applied. Although, there was a trend of difference between the levels of suppression and between the changes in tuning properties, this difference was not statistically significant in all the paradigms tested in this study. " --
Author: Narinder Kapur Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1139495798 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 489
Book Description
The Paradoxical Brain focuses on a range of phenomena in clinical and cognitive neuroscience that are counterintuitive and go against the grain of established thinking. The book covers a wide range of topics by leading researchers, including: • Superior performance after brain lesions or sensory loss • Return to normal function after a second brain lesion in neurological conditions • Paradoxical phenomena associated with human development • Examples where having one disease appears to prevent the occurrence of another disease • Situations where drugs with adverse effects on brain functioning may have beneficial effects in certain situations A better understanding of these interactions will lead to a better understanding of brain function and to the introduction of new therapeutic strategies. The book will be of interest to those working at the interface of brain and behaviour, including neuropsychologists, neurologists, psychiatrists and neuroscientists.
Author: Paul B Fitzgerald Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642364675 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 133
Book Description
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment is increasingly being used in the management of patients with depression. Nevertheless, considerable ignorance still exists about the treatment in general psychiatric practice. This concise clinical guide will serve as a reference and practical tool for clinicians working with or learning about this treatment technique. The opening chapters provide basic information on the history and development of rTMS treatment and its mechanism of action. Use of the treatment in depression is then addressed in detail, with explanation of the evidence base and discussion of a variety of clinical issues. Side-effects of treatment are explored, and careful consideration is given to the establishment of rTMS treatment programs and the training of clinicians. The final chapters will provide a brief overview of potential rTMS applications in other psychiatric conditions and some background on related treatments.
Author: Matthew Tull Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128162899 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 654
Book Description
Emotion in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder provides an up-to-date review of the empirical research on the relevance of emotions, such as fear, anxiety, shame, guilt, and disgust to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It also covers emerging research on the psychophysiology and neurobiological underpinnings of emotion in PTSD, as well as the role of emotion in the behavioral, cognitive, and affective difficulties experienced by individuals with PTSD. It concludes with a review of evidence-based treatment approaches for PTSD and their ability to mitigate emotion dysfunction in PTSD, including prolonged exposure, cognitive processing therapy, and acceptance-based behavioral therapy. - Identifies how emotions are central to understanding PTSD. - Explore the neurobiology of emotion in PTSD. - Discusses emotion-related difficulties in relation to PTSD, such as impulsivity and emotion dysregulation. - Provides a review of evidence-based PTSD treatments that focus on emotion.
Author: Christoph Mulert Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3642545424 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 430
Book Description
This is the first comprehensive textbook on the use of MRI in psychiatry covering imaging techniques, brain systems and a review of findings in different psychiatric disorders. The book is divided into three sections, the first of which covers in detail all the major MRI-based methodological approaches available today, including fMRI, EEG-fMRI, DTI and MR spectroscopy. In addition, the role of MRI in imaging genetics and combined brain stimulation and imaging is carefully explained. The second section provides an overview of the different brain systems that are relevant for psychiatric disorders, including the systems for perception, emotion, cognition and reward. The final part of the book presents the MRI findings that are obtained in all the major psychiatric disorders using the previously discussed techniques. Numerous carefully chosen images support the informative text, making this an ideal reference work for all practitioners and trainees with an interest in this flourishing field.
Author: Paul B. Fitzgerald Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030915190 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 198
Book Description
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment is increasingly a standard part of the management of patients with depression supported by a rapidly expanding research base. This new expanded and amended concise clinical guide will serve as a reference and practical tool for clinicians working with or learning about this treatment technique. The opening chapters provide basic information on the history and development of rTMS treatment and its mechanism of action. Use of the treatment in depression is then addressed in detail, with explanation of the evidence base and discussion of a variety of clinical issues. Side-effects of treatment are explored, and careful consideration is given to the establishment of rTMS treatment programs. There is an updated review of the use of a rTMS applications in other psychiatric conditions such as obsessive-compulsive disorder. New chapters in this edition address the use of deep TMS, theta burst stimulation, accelerated forms of rTMS and what to do in patients not responding to initial therapy. In addition, the various approaches to treatment targeting are addressed in detail. This book will provide the rTMS practitioner or interested generalist an up-to-date and comprehensive understanding of the field as well as provide considerable practical clinical advice.
Author: Paul E. Holtzheimer Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA ISBN: 0199926484 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 194
Book Description
The Clinical Guide serves as a reference tool for clinicians in the administration of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for neuropsychiatric disorders. The primary intent of this Guide is to focus on the clinical applications of TMS and to offer detailed information on the safe and effective administration of TMS with consideration of the neurophysiological effects particularly in relation to safety, targeting specific cortical areas and practical issues such as the length of treatment sessions and the durability of the TMS response. The Guide focuses on the evidenced based literature and utilizes this literature to inform specific recommendations on the use of rTMS in a clinical setting. The efficacy and safety of TMS for neuropsychiatric disorders, including its use in special populations, such as the elderly, will be reviewed to facilitate clinical decision-making. The Guide will also outline setting up a TMS service including practical issues such as considerations for the qualifications of the person administering the treatment, the use of concomitant medications, what equipment is necessary to have in the treatment room and monitoring the outcomes to treatment. The Guide is intended to be a practical reference for the practicing clinician in the safe and effective administration of TMS.
Author: Eric Wassermann Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0198568924 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 773
Book Description
Transcranial stimulation comprises an important set of techniques for investigating brain function, some of which promise to treat diseases. This book provides a review of the scientific and technical background required to understand transcranial stimulation, for neuroscientists, neurologists, and psychiatrists.
Author: Sara Rafique Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has become a popular neuromodulation technique, increasingly employed to manage several neurological and psychological conditions. Despite its popular use, the underlying mechanisms of rTMS remain largely unknown, particularly at the visual cortex. Moreover, the application of rTMS to modulate visual-related disorders is under-investigated. The goal of the present research was to address these issues. I employ a multitude of neuroimaging techniques to gain further insight into neural mechanisms underlying low-frequency (1 Hz) rTMS to the visual cortex. In addition, I begin to develop and refine clinical low-frequency rTMS protocols applicable to visual disorders as an alternative therapy where other treatment options are unsuccessful or where there are simply no existing therapies. One such visual disorder that can benefit from rTMS treatment is the perception of visual hallucinations that can occur following visual pathway damage in otherwise cognitively healthy individuals. In Chapters 23, I investigate the potential of multiday low-frequency rTMS to the visual cortex to alleviate continuous and disruptive visual hallucinations consequent to occipital injury. Combining rTMS with magnetic resonance imaging techniques reveals functional and structural cortical changes that lead to the perception of visual hallucinations; and rTMS successfully attenuates these anomalous visual perceptions. In Chapters 45, I compare the effects of alternative doses of low-frequency rTMS to the visual cortex on neurotransmitter levels and intrinsic functional connectivity to gain insight into rTMS mechanisms and establish the most effective protocol. Differential dose-dependent effects are observed on neurotransmitter levels and functional connectivity that suggest the choice of protocol critically depends on the neurophysiological target. Collectively, this work provides a basic framework for the use of low-frequency rTMS and neuroimaging in clinical application for visual disorders.
Author: Carlo Miniussi Publisher: Psychology Press ISBN: 1848727569 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 218
Book Description
This book includes state-of-the art reviews, written by research leaders, of Non-Invasive Brain-Stimulation (NIBS) techniques for the cognitive rehabilitation of disorders of memory, language, perception, attention and executive functions.
Author: Sujaya Neupane
Author: Narinder Kapur
Author: Paul B Fitzgerald
Author: Matthew Tull
Author: Christoph Mulert
Author: Paul B. Fitzgerald
Author: Paul E. Holtzheimer
Author: Eric Wassermann
Author: Sara Rafique
Author: Carlo Miniussi