Author: Cynthia Coolidge RencePublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Occupational mobility
Languages : en
Pages : 120
Book Description
Effects of Job Changes on Earnings and Time Allocation for Women
Author: Cynthia Coolidge RencePublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Occupational mobility
Languages : en
Pages : 120
Book Description
Women's Changing Roles at Home and on the Job
Author: United States. National Commission for Manpower PolicyPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 352
Book Description
This report contains proceedings of a 1978 conference on women's changing roles, based on data collected from a national longitudinal survey (begun in 1967 and still continuing) of 5,000 women aged 30-44. The keynote address was presented by Secretary of Labor Raymond Marshall, who noted the need for research to influence government policy. Papers delivered during the conference focused on four areas: (1) information available from the national longitudinal survey; (2) work and family roles--conflict and resolution, including sex-role attitudes and employment among women, women's employment, income, and family dissolution, and the economic consequences of marital dissolution; (3) how women fare in the labor market; and (4) how sociological research can be used by policymakers in government. A summary of conference proceedings and themes by Isabel V. Sawhill is included. Appendixes contain the conference agenda and a list of conference participants and attendees. (KC).
Women's Changing Roles at Home and on the Job
Author: Labor's Views on Employment Policy
Author: The Effects of Children, Job Changes, and Employment Interruptions on Women's Wages
Author: Jessica L. LoozePublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Motherhood
Languages : en
Pages : 186
Book Description
In this dissertation, I build upon the literature examining the motherhood wage penalty. Although previous research has found that much of this penalty can be explained by differences between mothers and childless women in human capital acquisition, job experience, work hours, and unobserved characteristics, these reasons do not fully explain the penalty. The portion of the penalty that remains unexplained is often attributed to some combination of discrimination against women by employers and lower work effort among mothers. In this dissertation, I examine another plausible mechanism: I consider the role that job changes and employment exits play in creating this penalty. In doing this, I draw on economic theories of job mobility that posit job changes play an important role in shaping workers' wage trajectories. I also draw on signaling theory, which argues the reason workers leave their job and spend time in non-employment matters in shaping workers' future wages. I use panel data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979 (NLSY79). This dataset follows a cohort of nearly 6,000 women who entered the labor market in the late 1970s and early 1980s, a time during which changing employers was becoming increasingly common. I use data from surveys conducted between 1979-2010 (the most recent year of data available). I apply event history and fixed effects models to examine how children shape women's job changes and employment exits, and how these events, in turn, shape women's wages. Throughout this dissertation, I examine how motherhood intersects with race/ethnicity, spouse characteristics, birth timing, and education to shape women's labor market decisions and wage outcomes. I found motherhood reduces the hazard that women will make the types of non-family voluntary job changes that often result in wage gains. I also found that different patterns of changing jobs and exiting the labor market contributes to roughly twenty percent of the unexplained motherhood wage penalty, and moreover, these differences help to explain why the wage penalty is largest for women who bear children early in adulthood. Finally, in examining the different reasons women spend time in non-employment, I found family-related interruptions are associated with larger short-term wage penalties compared to interruptions following a layoff, but the penalties for family-related interruptions persist over the long-term only among highly educated women.
Changes in Women's Employment Across Cohorts
Author: Sebastien Norbert ButtetPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 156
Book Description
Work, Wages, and Job Changes
Author: Cynthia Coolidge RencePublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Labor mobility
Languages : en
Pages : 440
Book Description
Change at Work
Author: Peter CappelliPublisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0195356055
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 289
Book Description
A far-reaching transformation is taking place in the US in the relationship between employers and employees. The lessons learned from Japan and from "best practice" companies like IBM about how job security, training, and internal development can improve employee commitment and performance have given way to a new set of lessons about how companies can redue fixed costs, increase flexibility, and improve performance by eliminating the elaborate employment systems that prepared employees for long careers in the company. Where the old arrangement protected employees from outside market forces, the new ones drag the market right back in through downsizing, contingent workforces, hiring on the outside for new skills, and compensation contingent on overall organizational performance. New work systems that reengineer processes and empower employees "flatten" the organizational chart, cutting management jobs in particular and reducing opportunities for career development. The new arrangements shift many of the risks of business from the firm to the employees and make employees, rather than employers, responsible for developing their own skills and careers. They also increase the demands placed on workers while reducing what they receive back for their efforts. While morale is down and stress is up, employee performance seems to be rising largely because of fear driven by the shortage of good jobs. Change at Work explores the theme that employees have paid the price for the widespread restructuring of American firms as illustrated by reduced security, greater effort and hours, and reduced morale. In this important study--commissioned by the National Planning Asociation's Committee on New American Realities--the authors consider how individuals and employers need to adapt to the new arrangements as well as the implicatioons for important policy issues such as how skills will be developed where the attachment to the firms is sharply reduced. The future is uncertain, but the authors argue that the traditional relationship between employer and employee will continue to erode, making this work essential reading for managers concerned with the profound impact corporate restructuring has had on the lives of workers.
The Effects of Changes in Working Time on Competitiveness
Author: PA International Management ConsultantsPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 116
Book Description
Research report assessing trends and patterns of hours of work in the industrial sector of the UK, with particular reference to competitiveness - examines management attitudes towards reduced hours of work, extended paid leave, reduced overtime, early retirement and employment creation, productivity and costs, and discusses historical perspectives, effect of size of enterprise, location of industry, labour force participation of woman workers, etc. Graphs.
The Second Shift
Author: Arlie HochschildPublisher: Penguin
ISBN: 1101575514
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 353
Book Description
An updated edition of a standard in its field that remains relevant more than thirty years after its original publication. Over thirty years ago, sociologist and University of California, Berkeley professor Arlie Hochschild set off a tidal wave of conversation and controversy with her bestselling book, The Second Shift. Hochschild's examination of life in dual-career housholds finds that, factoring in paid work, child care, and housework, working mothers put in one month of labor more than their spouses do every year. Updated for a workforce that is now half female, this edition cites a range of updated studies and statistics, with an afterword from Hochschild that addresses how far working mothers have come since the book's first publication, and how much farther we all still must go.