Effects of Depth of Burial and Tectonic Strain Release on Regional and Teleseismic Explosion Waveforms PDF Download
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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 159
Book Description
The seismic motions from nonlinear two dimensional (2D) axisymmetric finite difference calculations of underground explosions are propagated to regional and teleseismic distances. Synthetic seismograms are computed and examined to study the effects of depth of burial, medium structure, and prestress on seismic waveforms. The elastodynamic representation theorem is used to couple the results of finite difference source calculations to regional Green's functions computed using a wavenumber integration algorithm. The 2D finite difference source calculations include the nonlinear effects of gravity, spall, bulking, and cracking as well as the finite extent and divergence from spherical symmetry. The results are broadband full wave regional synthetics for explosion sources with cylindrical symmetry. These theoretical seismograms are studied with regard to proposed regional discriminants between explosions and earthquakes. Explosions, Tectonic release, Depth, Burial, Finite differences, Seismic waveforms.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 159
Book Description
The seismic motions from nonlinear two dimensional (2D) axisymmetric finite difference calculations of underground explosions are propagated to regional and teleseismic distances. Synthetic seismograms are computed and examined to study the effects of depth of burial, medium structure, and prestress on seismic waveforms. The elastodynamic representation theorem is used to couple the results of finite difference source calculations to regional Green's functions computed using a wavenumber integration algorithm. The 2D finite difference source calculations include the nonlinear effects of gravity, spall, bulking, and cracking as well as the finite extent and divergence from spherical symmetry. The results are broadband full wave regional synthetics for explosion sources with cylindrical symmetry. These theoretical seismograms are studied with regard to proposed regional discriminants between explosions and earthquakes. Explosions, Tectonic release, Depth, Burial, Finite differences, Seismic waveforms.
Author: Advisory Committee on Technology and Society Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 9780309037860 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 1298
Book Description
Cities and Their Vital Systems asks basic questions about the longevity, utility, and nature of urban infrastructures; analyzes how they grow, interact, and change; and asks how, when, and at what cost they should be replaced. Among the topics discussed are problems arising from increasing air travel and airport congestion; the adequacy of water supplies and waste treatment; the impact of new technologies on construction; urban real estate values; and the field of "telematics," the combination of computers and telecommunications that makes money machines and national newspapers possible.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Blast effect Languages : en Pages : 84
Book Description
Reversal of teleseismic Rayleigh wave polarity has been observed for some underground explosions in eastern Kazakh, and in some cases the polarity is reversed at all azimuths of observation. We analyze two-dimensional, nonlinear numerical simulations of underground explosions to examine the hypothesis that these phase reversals result from the action of tectonic prestress on the explosion-created nonlinear volume. We conclude that the effect of tectonic prestress on surface wave excitation is potentially large. When a shear prestress of 7.5 MPa (75 bars) is introduced, with horizontal principal stresses more compressive than the vertical principal stress, the explosion Rayleigh wave amplitude is reduced by a factor of 4 (i.e., Ms is reduced by 0.6). The large surface wave reduction is accompanied by no significant perturbation of body wave magnitude (mb). The nonlinear model predictions imply that if tectonic release is modeled elastically as the relaxation of the deviatoric part of the prestress into a spherical cavity, the appropriate cavity radius is approximately 80 percent of the explosion elastic radius.
Author: Steven R. Taylor Publisher: American Geophysical Union ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 290
Book Description
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 65. In March 1989, the Department of Energy (DOE) and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) sponsored a symposium on Explosion Source Phenomenology at Lake Tahoe, California. The purpose was to summarize the state of knowledge of the underground explosion source, based on U.S. experience at the Nevada Test Site (NTS). Specifically, the goals were to summarize knowledge of the explosion source, to identify limits of that knowledge and existing problems, and to propose directions of future research and data?]collection efforts.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 140
Book Description
This report presents the results of an investigation of near-source effects on teleseismic P-wave and early P-wave coda spectra for underground explosions. The underlying objective of this research has been to determine whether the differential behavior of P and P coda can be exploited to remotely determine near-source properties such as overburden velocity, burial depth, and degree of saturation. The report also contains a review paper on the pP phase, focussed on assessing the various methodologies that have been used to determine pP parameters and trying to reconcile the existing discrepancies in various estimates. The final section of the report is an encyclopedia article on the role of seismological monitoring of nuclear testing treaties. Energy radiated upward from underground nuclear explosions has a complex interaction with the free surface that strongly influences the seismic wavefields recorded at teleseismic and regional distances. This interaction, differing from that for earthquakes primarily due to the much higher strains and strain rates involved, is essential to understand for both explosion yield estimation and event discrimination. Reflection of explosion P wave energy from the free surface, which produces the pP phase, involves frequency-dependent, non-linear processes that are intimately linked to surface spallation.
Author: Brian W. Barker Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 65
Book Description
Large samples of teleseismic P wave amplitude and waveform data recorded from Shagan River underground explosions have been collected and systematically analyzed in an attempt to identify any effects which may correlate with the amount of tectonic release accompanying these explosions. Results of these analyses indicate that these teleseismic P wave data do not provide any unambiguous evidence of effects of tectonic release in the short-period range of interest in m sub b determination. However, the results of a preliminary theoretical analysis indicate that such negative evidence is not definitive in that there are plausible models of tectonic release for which no detectable variations in the observed teleseismic P waveforms are theoretically expected to result from the superposition of these two sources. At the same time, such models of tectonic release predict significant positive bias in the network-averaged m sub b values for explosions accompanied by the mode of tectonic release traditionally associated with the Shagan River test site. Thus, the currently available seismic data do not exclude the possibility that tectonic release may be introducing a positive bias of as much as several tenths of a magnitude unit into the network-averaged m sub b values computed for some Shagan River explositons. Keywords: Explosion seismology; Threshold Test Ban Treaty; Network; USSR; Global Digital Seismic; Seismic body waves; Nuclear explosion detection; Radiation patterns.
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Author: Advisory Committee on Technology and Society
Author: K. K. Nakanishi
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Author: Steven R. Taylor
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Author: Brian W. Barker