Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) on Growth and Carcass Characteristics when Fed for Differing Amounts of Time and when Fed with High Oil Corn (HOC) to Growing-finishing Swine PDF Download
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Author: Joseph Christopher Sparks Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 152
Book Description
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of CLA on growth, carcass quality and pork quality. In the first experiment, 92 four-way cross barrows were fed 0.75% CLA for differing periods of weight gain. ADG and ADFI were not affected by feeding CLA. Gain:feed ratio over the entire experiment increased quadratically (P
Author: Joseph Christopher Sparks Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 152
Book Description
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of CLA on growth, carcass quality and pork quality. In the first experiment, 92 four-way cross barrows were fed 0.75% CLA for differing periods of weight gain. ADG and ADFI were not affected by feeding CLA. Gain:feed ratio over the entire experiment increased quadratically (P
Author: Gwang-Woong Go Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
We hypothesized that supplementation of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and arginine singly or in combination would increase animal performance and meat quality by decreasing adiposity and increasing lean mass in growing-finishing pigs. Sixteen pigs (80 kg) were assigned to four treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial design, differing in dietary fatty acid and amino acid composition [control: 2.05% alanine (isonitrogenous control) plus 1% canola oil (lipid control); CLA: 2.05% alanine + 1% CLA; arginine: 1% arginine + 1% canola oil; arginine + CLA: 1% arginine + 1 CLA]. Preliminary tests indicated that up to 2% arginine was acceptable without interfering with lysine absorption. Pigs were allowed to feed free choice until reaching 110 kg. There were no significant differences across treatments in feed intake, weight gain, or feed efficiency. CLA tended to decrease carcass length (P = 0.06), whereas backfat thickness tended to be greater in pigs supplemented with arginine (P = 0.08). Arginine decreased muscle pH at 45 min postmortem (P = 0.001) and tended to increase lightness of muscle at 24 h postmortem (P = 0.07). CLA supplementation increased the concentrations of trans-isomers of 18:1 (P = 0.001) and SFA (P = 0.01) in s.c. and r.p. adipose tissue. CLA supplementation increased palmitate incorporation into total lipids in longissimus muscle (P = 0.01). Glucose oxidation to CO2 in r.p. and s.c. adipose tissue were greater in pigs supplemented with CLA in the absence or presence of arginine (P = 0.03 and P = 0.04, respectively). The volume of s.c. adipocytes in s.c. and r.p. adipose tissues was greater in pigs supplemented with CLA, arginine, or CLA plus arginine than in control pigs (P = 0.001). Neither CLA nor arginine affected the expression of PGC-1[alpha], AMPK, mTOR, CPT-1A, FAS, or SCD (P> 0.05) in any tissues. We conclude that there was no significant interaction between arginine and CLA. Supplementary CLA or arginine to finishing-growing pigs did not modulate growth performance and did not reduce adiposity. CLA increased intramuscular fat content without deteriorating meat quality traits and increased saturated fatty acids and substrate oxidation in adipose tissues. In the presence of 1% of canola oil or CLA in the diet, arginine has the potential to deteriorate meat quality by reducing early postmortem pH and by increasing carcass fatness.
Author: Bryon Robert Wiegand Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 244
Book Description
Feed efficiency was improved while 10th rib fat depth was decreased with CLA supplementation, regardless of genotype. Postmortem pH was lower at 3 h with CLA supplementation compared to control diet carcasses. Subjective marbling scores were significantly improved with CLA supplementation in the normal stress-free pigs. Loin chops from CLA fed pigs exhibited higher Hunter L* values over 7 d of self-service shelf storage compared to loin chops from control diet pigs. No differences were attributed to CLA supplementation for Hunter a* values or sensory panel characteristics. Results from these two experiments show that CLA supplementation can improve feed efficiency, decrease backfat, and improve certain aspects of meat quality in growing-finishing pigs at the level of 0.75% in the diet.
Author: Shawn Louis Archibeque Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Forty-five Angus steers (358 kg BW) were utilized in a completely randomized block design with a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments to evaluate the hypothesis that differing dietary linolenic acid (from corn, flaxseed plus corn, or milo) and whole cottonseed (WCS) inclusion (0, 5, or 15% DM) would interact to alter fatty acid metabolism and deposition of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in subcutaneous (s.c.) and interfasicular (i.f.) adipose tissues, and thereby decrease carcass quality score. During the feeding period (135 d), steers receiving flaxseed or corn diets had a greater gain:feed ratio (0.119 and 0.108, respectively) than steers receiving the milo diet (0.093). Following transportation to a local abattoir and overnight starvation, there was less decrease in weight in flaxseed-fed steers (1.51%) than in steers fed the corn (2.89%) or milo diets (3.11%). Ribeye area of steers fed milo was less than that of steers fed the corn or flaxseed diets. Lipogenesis from acetate in s.c. adipose tissue was greater in steers fed flaxseed (5.42 nmol·h-1·105 cells-1) than in the corn (3.10 nmol·h-1·105 cells-1) or milo (1.92 nmol·h-1·105 cells-1) groups. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity in s.c. adipose tissue was unchanged between the 0% WCS group (88.1 nmol·mg protein-1·7 min-1) and the 15% WCS group (20 nmol·mg protein-1·7 min-1). The i.f. saturated fatty acid percentages increased with increasing levels of WCS. The i.f. cis-9, trans-11 CLA percentage increased with increasing WCS in the steers fed the corn diet, whereas it remained unchanged or even decreased slightly in the steers fed the flaxseed or milo-based diets. Steers fed flaxseed had a greater s.c. adipose concentration of vaccenic acid (18:1trans-11) than the steers fed milo. Steers fed flaxseed also had greater s.c. and i.f. percentages of linolenic acid (18:3, n-3) than steers fed either of the other grain sources. Increased dietary linolenic acid from flaxseed may have increased s.c. adipocyte volume by stimulating lipogenesis. These data indicate that rations formulated to provide increased levels of linolenic acid (i.e., flaxseed) will increase feed efficiency and lipogenesis from acetate without altering either the quality or composition of the beef carcasses.
Author: Alvaro Rojo Gomez Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of corn byproducts high-protein died distillers grain (HP-DDG), and dried distillers grain with solubles (DDGS), and branched chain amino acids (BCAA) on the growth performance and meat quality of pigs. The first study evaluated the combined effect of dietary level of DDGS and HP-DDG on the growth performance of wean-finish pigs and carcass and pork quality characteristics. This study demonstrated that DDGS can be included at up to 30% in diets (without HP-DDG) without compromising growth performance of wean-to-finish pigs. However, growth performance was increasingly compromised at higher inclusion levels of both co-products and belly firmness was negatively affected by increasing levels of both DDGS and HP-DDG. A second experiment was designed to define the minimum CP level and whether non-essential amino acids become limiting in low crude protein diets for late finishing pigs. The results of this study demonstrated that late finishing pigs can be fed diets with 9.76% crude protein level supplemented with 0.32 % L-Lys HCL and other essential amino acids without affecting growth rate and that non-essential amino acids were not limiting in the low crude protein diets evaluated. A third study was designed to recreate the negative effects on growth performance of feeding diets with 30% HP-DDG inclusion level and to test if the negative effect of feeding high HP-DDG levels on growth performance can be reproduced by adding excess branched chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) to standard corn-soybean meal based diet. The results show that the reduction in the growth rates of growing pigs fed diets with 30% HP-DDG inclusion levels may be due to the dietary excesses of leucine present in diets with HP-DDG at 30% inclusion levels. The same effect was not present in finishing pigs. In general, growth performance and belly quality are compromised at higher inclusion levels of both HP-DDG and DDGS. The results of the last studies indicate that leucine level may play an important role on the reduction of the growth performance of pigs fed 30% HP-DDG inclusion levels.
Author: Kevin Joseph Gassman Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 150
Book Description
Beef rounds were physically separated into tissue components. Dissected rounds from CLA-fed steers contained a higher percentage of lean tissue (P
Author: Joseph Christopher Sparks
Author: Joseph Christopher Sparks
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Author: 
Author: Gwang-Woong Go
Author: Bryon Robert Wiegand
Author: Shawn Louis Archibeque
Author: Natasha R. Winslow
Author: Rahim Aydin
Author: Alvaro Rojo Gomez
Author: Kevin Joseph Gassman