Author: Peter EklövPublisher:
ISBN: 9789171749840
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 20
Book Description
Effects of Behavioural Flexibility and Habitat Complexity on Predator-prey Interactions in Fish Communities
Author: Peter EklövPublisher:
ISBN: 9789171749840
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 20
Book Description
Predators and prey in fishes
Author: David L.G. NoakesPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400972962
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 223
Book Description
The potential consequences of a predator-prey predators tend to do that increase or maximize prey interaction are probably more serious, especially capture and that prey tend to do to avoid being for the prey, than are the consequences of most captured? The second theme emphasized the eco competitive or parasite-host interactions. For this logical approach to predator-prey interactions. reason, the adaptations and tactics that prey show What are the environmental constraints that in to the foraging manoeuvers of their predators, and fluence the evolution of structures and behaviors the counteradaptations of their predators, are often involved in predation and its avoidance? How do pronounced and even spectacular. Predation may in these factors combine to produce particular ,fssem fact be a critical determinant of both the behavior blages of predators and prey with common adapta of individuals and of the functional and taxonomic tions? The 18 papers presented at the symposium, composition of fish assemblages. This possibility and the ones published in these proceedings, re was a major factor leading to the organization of present the varied approaches that researchers have the Behavioral Tactics symposium. The obvious taken in addressing these questions. necessity of feeding, the wealth of information Several topics were common to many presenta available on food and energy budgets of animals tions: four of these in particular deserve at least both in the laboratory and field, and the approach brief mention.
Biological Invasions and Animal Behaviour
Author: Judith S. WeisPublisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 110707777X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 367
Book Description
This book provides a comprehensive look at the critical role of animal behaviour in the success and impact of biological invasions.
Scaling Relations in Experimental Ecology
Author: R. H. GardnerPublisher: Columbia University Press
ISBN: 9780231114981
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 412
Book Description
This book discusses the impact of recent advances in the theory of "scaling relationships" and identifies critical issues that must be considered if experimental results are used to understand the temporal and spatial scales of actual ecosystems. The complexity of ecosystems complicates experimental design. How, for example, does a scientist draw boundaries when studying species effects and interactions? Once these boundaries are drawn, how does one treat factors external to that study? Will the failure to consider external factors affect one's ability to extrapolate information across temporal and spatial scales? This volume provides a compilation from a broad range of ecologists with extensive experimental research experience that addresses these and other questions of scaling relations.
Persisting in the Pelagic
Author: Adam Garner HansenPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Pelagic fishes
Languages : en
Pages : 165
Book Description
Persisting in the pelagic is not easy. The physical environment of pelagic ecosystems is highly dynamic. Unlike terrestrial systems where habitat complexity is driven by physical structure (e.g., vegetation and terrain), habitat complexity in the pelagic is driven by vertical gradients in light, turbidity, temperature, and oxygen. All of these factors change over time, and can mediate predator-prey interactions given ontogenetic or asymmetric responses of predators and prey to diel and seasonal changes in these factors. Additionally, pelagic predators and prey rely primarily on vision for feeding. Therefore, changes in photic conditions (light and turbidity) in particular can have a strong impact on the structure of predator-prey interactions. Yet, it remains unclear how habitat heterogeneity over different dimensions of time and space interacts with perception, behavior, and physiological tolerance to mediate the foraging success of predators and predation risk for prey in pelagic ecosystems. Pelagic environments are not static. They will change given continued human-induced alterations to the landscape, shifts in climate, and unanticipated introductions of nonnative predators and prey. Knowing how the pelagic foraging-risk environment changes in response to shifts in physical habitat over many different temporal-spatial scales should improve predictions regarding how aquatic food webs will respond to different perturbations. For my dissertation I addressed the following series of questions: 1) how do light and turbidity effect the visual prey detection responses of pelagic planktivores and piscivores, and do the consumer groups differ?, 2) how does natural variation in photic conditions (diel and seasonal light regimes at different latitudes and turbidity) shape the foraging-risk environment for visually-feeding planktivores and piscivores in pelagic ecosystems?, 3) in addition to photic conditions, how do seasonal shifts in the thermal environment shape the foraging-risk environment for pelagic planktivores and piscivores?, and 4) do fluctuations in the abundance, distribution, visual detectability, and vulnerability to predation of different prey groups alter the diet selection of piscivores and relative predation risk for planktivores in diverse pelagic communities? To address the first question, I conducted a series of controlled laboratory experiments and measured light- and turbidity-dependent reaction distances by piscivores. To address the remaining questions, I linked individual-based, mechanistic models (visual foraging and bioenergetics models) that capture important fine-scale behavioral and physiological processes with empirical data on physical habitat, predator diet, movement, and distribution (from netting, ultrasonic telemetry, and hydroacoustics) to estimate changes in feeding rates for piscivores and planktivores and predation risk for planktivores over time and space. First, reaction distance responded asymptotically with increasing light, but declined quickly with increasing turbidity for both planktivores and piscivores. The maximum reaction distance for piscivores was 5-6 fold greater than for planktivores, but planktivores achieved their maximum reaction distance at a much lower light level, and the decline in reaction distance with turbidity was much steeper for piscivores. Second, based on these asymmetric visual prey detection responses, the foraging-risk environment for pelagic planktivores and piscivores changed considerably in systematic ways with changes in diel patterns of illuminance along a broad latitudinal gradient and to increases in turbidity. These changes have different implications for the structure of pelagic predator-prey interactions over a broad latitudinal gradient. Third, like shifts in photic conditions, seasonal shifts in the thermal environment also mediated the foraging success of piscivores and predation risk for planktivores. Here, periods of environmental stress (i.e., high temperature and low dissolved oxygen) greatly reduced both the foraging success of piscivores and predation risk for planktivores by creating thermal refugia for the planktivores. Lastly, the nature of the feeding selectivity (random or opportunistic versus non-random or targeted) of visually-oriented piscivores was highly dependent on fluctuations in the abundance and susceptibility of key prey to visual detection and capture. Results suggested that pelagic piscivores are flexible predators, and can adapt their feeding behavior to take advantage of large influxes of highly catchable prey. Overall, by observing through the eyes of pelagic predators and prey, my results show that the foraging-risk environment for piscivores and planktivores can look very different as physical habitat changes over many different dimensions of time and space.
Behavioural Ecology of Teleost Fishes
Author: Jean-Guy J. GodinPublisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 408
Book Description
The differing behaviours of bony fishes are described in this guide to the most abundant vertebrate found on the planet. Their behaviour and research done on it, have encouraged the proposal to adopt new approaches and new directions in studying them.
Ecology of Predator-Prey Interactions
Author: Pedro BarbosaPublisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 019988367X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 709
Book Description
This book addresses the fundamental issues of predator-prey interactions, with an emphasis on predation among arthropods, which have been better studied, and for which the database is more extensive than for the large and rare vertebrate predators. The book should appeal to ecologists interested in the broad issue of predation effects on communities.
Dynamic Behavior of Predators and Prey in a Multihabitat System
Author: Angélique DupuchPublisher: Editions Universitaires Europeennes
ISBN: 9786131502460
Category : Fishes
Languages : en
Pages : 192
Book Description
Understanding predator-prey interactions, and particularly their reciprocal responses, is a central topic in ecology. Many studies have explored habitat use by both predators and prey, and have shown that prey prefer the predator-poor habitats and predators the prey-rich ones. However, these studies mostly focused on the behaviour of predators and prey when the distribution of the other species was fixed in space. Theoretical and empirical knowledge of predators and prey space use when both are allowed to move freely are scarce. Within this framework, this thesis focuses on both the antipredator behaviour and habitat selection by a prey species, northern redbelly dace (Phoxinus eos), when exposed to a predation risk varying in intensity in both space and time.
A Predator-based Methodology for Studying Predator-prey Relationships in Fishes
Author: Ashley VettesePublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Changes in the ocean including acidification, increasing temperatures, loss of habitat, and increased hypoxic events has the potential to change predator-prey relationships. These changes in single interactions can then have effects on population sizes, community structures, and changes in trophic cascades. Understanding how changing abiotic factors impact predator-prey relationships will be crucial for understanding what populations and communities will look like under future ocean conditions. In this review, the goals are to (1) summarize the current knowledge on how changing ocean conditions affect predator-prey relationships; (2) describe an example predator-based approach to examine how changing these changing factors impact predator-prey relationships; and (3) test the effectiveness of this method on a simple predator-prey relationship between the marine mesopredator fish lane snapper (Lutjanus synagris) and ghost shrimp prey (Palaemonetes paludosus). The results of this study summarize over 60 studies relating to factors affecting predator-prey relationships and outlines a methodology appropriate for studying predator-prey interactions. The results of the predation trials revealed that predation efficiency of the lane snapper was significantly impacted by temperature, while habitat complexity was found not to be statistically significant.
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