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Author: James Istein Rude Publisher: ISBN: Category : Agriculture Languages : en Pages : 32
Book Description
The primary objective of this paper is to establish the relationship between the value of Canadian agri-food exports and Canadian farmers' net cash farm income, where the latter is the difference between farm cash receipts and farm cash expenses. The second objective is to present the more general relationship between trade and farm income and the numerous factors that hinder a simple explanation of why net cash farm income does not follow export value.
Author: James Istein Rude Publisher: ISBN: Category : Agriculture Languages : en Pages : 32
Book Description
The primary objective of this paper is to establish the relationship between the value of Canadian agri-food exports and Canadian farmers' net cash farm income, where the latter is the difference between farm cash receipts and farm cash expenses. The second objective is to present the more general relationship between trade and farm income and the numerous factors that hinder a simple explanation of why net cash farm income does not follow export value.
Author: Kym Anderson Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 40
Book Description
The authors provide estimates of the impact that removing all merchandise trade distortions (including agricultural subsidies) would have on food and agricultural production, trade, and incomes. Using the latest versions of the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) database and the World Bank's LINKAGE model of the global economy (projected to 2015), their results suggest farm employment, the real value of agricultural output and exports, the real returns to farm land and unskilled labor, and real net farm incomes would all rise substantially in developing country regions with a move to free merchandise trade, thereby alleviating rural poverty-despite the decline in international terms of trade for developing countries that are net food importers or are enjoying preferential access to agricultural markets of high-income countries.
Author: Kym Anderson Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: Category : Agribusiness Languages : en Pages : 35
Book Description
Most of the world's poorest people depend on farming for their livelihood. Earnings from farming in low-income countries are depressed partly due to a pro-urban bias in own-country policies, and partly because richer countries (including some developing countries) favor their farmers with import barriers and subsidies. Both sets of policies reduce national and global economic growth and add to inequality and poverty in developing countries. Acknowledgement of that since the 1980s has given rise to greater pressures for reform, both internal and external. Over the past two decades numerous developing country governments have reduced their sectoral and trade policy distortions, while many high-income countries continue with protectionist policies that harm developing country exports of farm products. Recent research suggests that the agricultural protectionist policies of high-income countries reduce welfare in many developing countries. Most of those studies also suggest that full global liberalization of merchandise trade would raise value added in agriculture in developing country regions, and that much of the benefit from global reform would come not just from reform in high-income countries but also from liberalization among developing countries, including in many cases own-country reform. These findings raise three key questions that are addressed in this paper: To what extent have the reforms of the past two decades succeeded in reducing distortions to agricultural incentives? Do current policy distortions still discriminate against farmers in low-income countries? And what are the prospects for further reform in the next decade or so?
Author: Malcolm D. Bale Publisher: ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 68
Book Description
This essay reviews and generalizes the recent experience of the World Bank in studies undertaken on pricing and trade policy in agriculture in developing countries. Five archetypical countries are used as the basis for comment: Nigeria, Colombia, Philippines, Jamaica, and Pakistan. The motivation behind each of the studies was to gain an understanding of the incentive or disincentive environment in which agriculture operates. Five issues are addressed: (i) structure of the incentive system; (ii) effect of trade and policy interventions on output, farm income, consumer income, and government revenue; (iii) synchronization of agricultural policy with industrial policy and other macroeconomic policies; (iv) relationship of domestic prices to border prices of similar goods; and (v) possible restructuring of agricultural pricing policies and mechanisms to achieve stated goals. The paper finds that direct government intervention in the production, pricing, and distribution of foods on a massive scale is common; there is a profound distrust of the ability of the market to value and allocate resources. However, little thought is given the type of instrument selected, resulting in price distortions with serious allocative and efficiency effects.
Author: James Istein Rude
Author: James Istein Rude
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Author: Joachim Von Braun
Author: Stephen Parker
Author: Kym Anderson
Author: Kym Anderson
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Author: Dimitris Diakosavvas
Author: Malcolm D. Bale