Effects of a Raised Surface on Lower Extremity Kinematics, Kinetics, and Muscle Activation During a Sidecut in Recreational Female Softball Players PDF Download

Author: Lauren Elizabeth Schroeder
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 98

View

Book Description
Noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a common sports-related injury. "High-risk" dynamic movements, such as a sidecut, have been associated with increasing the risk of noncontact ACL injury. Certain biomechanical abnormalities, specifically at the hip and knee, and neuromuscular abnormalities, such as unbalanced quadriceps-to-hamstrings activation ratios and certain activation patterns prior to initial contact and after initial contact, have also been associated with an increased likelihood of noncontact ACL injuries occurring. Approximately 78% of all NCAA Division I softball game-day injuries are classified as noncontact where there is no direct contact to a player. Internal derangement of the knee accounted for 221 game day injuries, and 31% of these injuries were noncontact ACL injuries. The base runner was at the greatest risk of injury, with 28.8% of athletes base running at the time of injury. Additionally, 9% of base runners, or 187 athletes, were injured while contacting the base. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a raised surface on lower extremity kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activation patterns during a sidecut, simulating rounding first base. Participants completed two base conditions - with a base present (WB) and no base (NB) present with a controlled entrance and exit speed. Results indicated the only biomechanical difference between base conditions was greater peak knee adduction moments in the NB condition compared to the WB condition. These findings suggest that the body may be in a better position when a raised surface is present during a sidecut and decrease the risk of noncontact ACL injury. Therefore, examining movement patterns at the ankle may provide a better explanation for noncontact ACL injuries that occur during this time. Regarding muscle activation, there was significantly greater quadriceps activation post-contact compared to pre-contact. Significantly greater quadriceps activation creates a large anterior shear force on the ACL, increasing risk of injury.

Author: Ryan Ashley Mizell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

View

Book Description
Height, accommodation to unplanned movements seems possible in the sagittal plane. Gender differences occurred at the hip as females used less hip abduction to perform the movements. Less hip abduction for females is closer to the "position of no return" seen in ACL injuries. Although our results confirmed published gender differences, this may have been due a combination of the difficulty of the tasks and the relatively low skill of the participants. Direction differences occurred as the crossover cut was performed with knee abduction and foot pronation while the opposite was true for the side cut. Furthermore, the crossover cut seemed to be performed by utilizing a preceding side cut. Therefore, the crossover cut seems to be a more dangerous movement. Although accommodation for unplanned movements may occur in the sagittal plane, unanticipated cutting movements are performed differently than anticipated cutting movements. Since anticipation can affect the performance of cutting movements, incorporation of unanticipated maneuvers should be included in training prevention programs. Also, increased development of methods for preventing anticipation is required to more closely simulate competition in the lab setting.

Author: Stephanie Christine Nowak
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Anterior cruciate ligament
Languages : en
Pages :

View

Book Description
Women are four to eight times more likely to injure their anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) compared to men. It is most commonly injured through a non-contact mechanism during game time situations. During landings, women display valgus collapse, where a less active gluteus medius muscle (GMed) may be unable to control the internal rotation of the thigh, causing an increase in knee joint abduction angle, augmenting the risk of ACL injury. This study's purpose was to determine the difference between 12 male and 12 female athletes in muscle activity, specifically the GMed, and the 3D kinematics and kinetics of the lower-limb during drop jump landings from three heights; maximum vertical jump height, tibial length, and a commonly used height of 40cm. Results showed that females had greater hip adduction and knee abduction angles compared to men. The GMed activity showed no significant differences between sexes at each drop jump height.

Author: Paul Gamble
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 0415637929
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 306

View

Book Description
This text introduces the core science underpinning strength and conditioning regimes and explores innovative new approaches combining the best of applied physiology, biomechanics, sports medicine and coaching science.

Author: Peter H. Seidenberg MD, FAAFP, FACSM, RMSK
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319427881
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 348

View

Book Description
Now in a revised and updated second edition, this practical guide remains an invaluable resource for improving the management of hip and pelvis injuries and presents a spectrum of treatment options for children, adolescents, adults and special populations. Opening with valuable clinical pearls for each topic, differential diagnosis is emphasized throughout the chapters, and evidence-based guidelines and sport-specific considerations aid the reader with injury evaluation and care. From fundamentals—including epidemiology, history and physical examination, imaging and gait assessment—to functional therapeutic interventions, injection techniques, taping and bracing, and both surgical and non-surgical interventions, The Hip and Pelvis in Sports Medicine and Primary Care, Second Edition is ideal for sports medicine physicians, primary care physicians, physical therapists and athletic trainers alike.

Author: Melissa A. Mache
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 95

View

Book Description
Although the incidence of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries is greater among women than men athletes, the factors that contribute to this greater risk of injury are not well understood. One relevant question is whether decision making during landing influences the biomechanical and neuromuscular factors thought to contribute to ACL injury, and whether these effects differ as a function of task and sex. The purpose of this study was thus to examine the effects of decision making on the neuromechanics of two-footed landing tasks in women and men. Twenty-nine healthy young adults (13 women; 16 men) completed a series of two-footed drop landing and drop-jump tasks under preplanned and decision-making conditions. Biomechanical and electromyographic data were collected. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine the effect of decision making on hip, knee, and ankle kinematics and kinetics, and on proactive and reactive muscle activity, as a function of task and sex. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the relationship between select knee biomechanical variables and proactive muscle activity. Decision making had numerous effects on lower extremity kinematics, kinetics, and neuromuscular control, many of which were task-specific. Under decision-making conditions, individuals exhibited similar joint postures at initial ground contact and similar amounts of reactive muscle activity across tasks. The majority of the observed modifications in neuromechanics suggested a default towards the preplanned drop landing strategy under decision-making conditions. Some effects of decision making on joint mechanics and reactive muscle activity varied with sex, although the extent to which these dissimilar effects modified relative ACL loading is not known. Knee flexion at initial contact, peak knee abduction, and peak knee adduction moment were significantly related to the proactive activity of several, primarily lateral, muscles of the lower extremity, independent of task and decision-making condition. These results indicate that decision making influences landing mechanics and neuromuscular control and that these effects are generally task-dependent and, in some cases, sex-dependent. The results also suggest that, in both women and men, drop landings and drop-jumps performed under decision-making conditions are no more dangerous, with respect to ACL loading, than preplanned drop landings.

Author: Allison Frymier
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Back
Languages : en
Pages : 65

View

Book Description
Context: The incidence of lower extremity injuries in runners stretches as high as 79.3%. Weakness or insufficient coordination of the quadriceps and gluteals can lead to overuse, strain, and compensatory movement patterns such as trunk flexion. The trunk accounts for roughly 50% of a person's mass, so changes in orientation can alter the mechanical demands that are places on the lower extremity. Additional trunk flexion is thought to increase the action of the hip extensors. There is a lack of evidence that isolates quadriceps and gluteal muscle activation during flexion-based running. Objective: To determine the effects of trunk flexion on quadriceps, gluteal, hamstring, and erector spinae (ES) EMG measures in a healthy running population. Design: Descriptive laboratory. Setting: Laboratory. Participants: 18 total participants (10 females, 8 male). Inclusion: recreational runner aged 18-39 who ran an average of 15 miles per week. Exclusion: current lower extremity or low back pathology or one that has caused pain within 6 months of the study. Intervention: The independent variable was the position of the trunk (preferred, flexed, and extended). All participants completed five successful running trials for each trunk position. Main Outcome Measures: EMG measures and 3D trunk and lower extremity kinematics and kinetics were analyzed across the stance phase of the running trials. Results: The activation of the quadriceps and hamstrings exhibited no significance across the conditions. The activation of the gluteals exhibited a significant difference between the flexed and extended position (45.06 ± 13.36% vs. 30.72 ± 12.47%). The activation of the ES exhibited a significant difference between the preferred and extended position (20.50 ± 10.66% vs. 34.78 ± 14.86%). There were no differences detected in knee or hip sagittal plane posture. Conclusion: Sagittal plane trunk positioning has an influence on the activation of the gluteals and ES during free running.

Author: Marcia K. Anderson
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN: 9780781732727
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 280

View

Book Description
Completely revised Second Edition provides a foundation for the prevention, recognition, assessment, management, disposition, and rehabilitation of sports-related injuries and illnesses as it integrates basic medical concepts with relevant scientific information. This book speaks to students in coaching, exercise science, recreation and teacher education, for learning what to do as the first on-site respondent to a sports-related injury. Guidelines are provided to help identify common conditions initially cared-for on-site, and when to know to refer an individual to advanced care. The text contains major revisions and includes illustrations and additional tables. Connection Website: connection.LWW.com/go/andfund.

Author: Lynn Lippert
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780803658233
Category : Applied kinesiology
Languages : en
Pages : 0

View

Book Description
Kinesiology in Action Pre- and post-lesson tests Practice activities for every lesson Text and audio generation exercises Critical-thinking video exercises Gradebook to track your progress Discussion forum Video library (more than 70 videos showing normal and abnormal movement and palpation), animations, and flashcards Clinical Kinesiology and Anatomy Introductory chapters that present an essential foundation in body systems, terminology, and biomechanical principles Easy to understand explanations of axes of planes, torque, and leverage, and the many grasping functions of the hand Well-designed charts in each chapter that summarize companion movements and prime movers Use of analogies throughout the text to make concepts comprehensible and memorable Points to Remember, Summary of Muscles, Summary of Muscle Innervation, and Summary of Muscle Action tables End-of-chapter review questions to help you retain and understand the human body from a clinical and functional perspective

Author: Lynn Lippert
Publisher: F A Davis Company
ISBN: 9780803612433
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 351

View

Book Description
Lynn Lippert adds a greater emphasis on clinical insights and functional connections to her easy-to-understand, well-organized 4th edition text. This accurate and thoughtfully updated edition is what should be at the heart of your clinical kinesiology course to help students analyze the mobility of specific joints in various activities of daily living. The first seven chapters describe the various body systems, terminology, and biomechanical principles that will be applied in the individual joint chapters that follow. Greater clinical and functional "depth" added to the chapters. "Basic Biomechanics" includes more clinical and anatomical examples to better explain basic lever systems and inclined planes.