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Author: Oxana Yurievna Petritchenko Publisher: ISBN: Category : Human ecology Languages : en Pages : 72
Book Description
This thesis evaluates whether state-level solar energy incentives and regulations promote the market growth of small-scale photovoltaic (PV) technologies in commercial and residential sectors. The results of this analysis are important for effective design and implementation of policies intended to achieve the increased deployment of small-scale solar energy technologies. A fixed effects model is used to assess effectiveness of solar policies while controlling for unobservable time-invariant factors that affect the deployment of PV system installations unique to each state. In particular, the capacity of PV technologies installed per 100,000 people during a period of 2000 through 2010 across twenty-four states and the District of Columbia was regressed against a variety of state policies directed at promoting PV technologies. Specifically, feed-in tariffs, rebates, solar and distributed generation (DG) carve-outs in states' renewable portfolio standards, solar renewable energy credits (SREC), net metering as well as sales, residential, commercial and personal tax exemptions were evaluated. The results of this analysis support claims that feed-in tariffs are significantly more effective than any other policy in promoting the deployment of solar energy technologies. Establishment of a SREC market and solar or DG carve-outs are also found to be effective in promoting the growth of PV installations. Although rebates are found to be ineffective during the first year of their implementation, observing the policies' effect several years later reveals that they become significant with time. However, net metering and tax incentives are found to be ineffective in promoting deployment of PV technologies regardless of taking into account the effect of the time lag of policy implementation.
Author: Oxana Yurievna Petritchenko Publisher: ISBN: Category : Human ecology Languages : en Pages : 72
Book Description
This thesis evaluates whether state-level solar energy incentives and regulations promote the market growth of small-scale photovoltaic (PV) technologies in commercial and residential sectors. The results of this analysis are important for effective design and implementation of policies intended to achieve the increased deployment of small-scale solar energy technologies. A fixed effects model is used to assess effectiveness of solar policies while controlling for unobservable time-invariant factors that affect the deployment of PV system installations unique to each state. In particular, the capacity of PV technologies installed per 100,000 people during a period of 2000 through 2010 across twenty-four states and the District of Columbia was regressed against a variety of state policies directed at promoting PV technologies. Specifically, feed-in tariffs, rebates, solar and distributed generation (DG) carve-outs in states' renewable portfolio standards, solar renewable energy credits (SREC), net metering as well as sales, residential, commercial and personal tax exemptions were evaluated. The results of this analysis support claims that feed-in tariffs are significantly more effective than any other policy in promoting the deployment of solar energy technologies. Establishment of a SREC market and solar or DG carve-outs are also found to be effective in promoting the growth of PV installations. Although rebates are found to be ineffective during the first year of their implementation, observing the policies' effect several years later reveals that they become significant with time. However, net metering and tax incentives are found to be ineffective in promoting deployment of PV technologies regardless of taking into account the effect of the time lag of policy implementation.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 128
Book Description
The North Carolina Solar Center at NC State University, in collaboration with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, examined 10 state financial-incentive programs in six states using a case-study approach in order to clarify the key factors-both internal and external to the program-that influence their effectiveness at stimulating deployment of renewable energy technologies. While existing information resources such as the National Database of State Incentives for Renewable Energy (DSIRE, www.dsireusa.org) have documented what incentive programs are available, the effectiveness of such programs is not well understood. Understanding the impact of current financial incentives on the deployment of renewables and the factors that influence their effectiveness is critical to a variety of stakeholders, particularly in states considering new incentives or interested in improving or discarding existing ones.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic books Languages : en Pages : 82
Book Description
Scientist and policy makers alike have identified renewable energy technologies as a means to reduce global greenhouse gas admissions and remediate some of the negative effects of climate change. The global campaign to promote renewables is particularly strong among European countries, where policymakers have acknowledged global environmental changes at the national level, and responded by creating comprehensive national renewable energy policies to meet this challenge. However, in the United States, climate change appears to be a lower priority to the general electorate and to political leaders. This low level of public concern, paired with the fragmented design of US political structures and engrained political culture, provides a unique set of challenges to the development of more effective national renewable energy policies. The lack of a defined national policy also creates a variety of individual incentive-based policies administrated at the state and local jurisdictional levels with varying results in terms of policy effectiveness towards renewable energy. To address this problem, the existing literature argues that policies promoting financial incentives and subsidies have a direct causal relationship with the growth in the renewable energy sector. This literature points to the growth in solar photovoltaic permitting activity in California (from 2009 – 2015) as evidence of the effectiveness of incentives and subsidies in shaping citizen behavior towards renewable energy. Through area statewide analysis, the existing literature infers that rational actors are generally likely to respond to financial incentives in a clear and direct way. This thesis examines the effectiveness and efficiency of financial incentive- and subsidy-based public policy in the promotion of the renewable energy sector. This thesis maps existing environmental philosophies and examines domestic renewable energy policies, focusing particularly at the state and local jurisdictional level. I use four intentional match comparisons to compare similar local jurisdiction policies promoting incentives against those local jurisdictions without incentive policies to isolate and determine whether local level financial incentive programs have a direct causal relationship with the growth of renewable energy markets.
Author: Ronny Kittler Publisher: GRIN Verlag ISBN: 3638298930 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 46
Book Description
Scientific Study from the year 2003 in the subject Politics - Region: USA, grade: 1,0 (A), University of Leipzig (Institute for Politcal Science), language: English, abstract: INTRODUCTION "America must have an energy policy that plans for the future, but meets the needs of today. I believe we can develop our natural resources and protect our environment." President George W. Bush (National Energy Policy, 2001) When in 2000 the negotiations over the Kyoto Protocol were proceeding, the Clinton administration showed severe reluctance to commit to another multilateral environmental regime. George W. Bush eventually pulled completely out of the Protocol - much to the disappointment and frustration of many countries which had supported the process despite their own hesitations. As a result, more attention has been paid to U.S. environmental policies that were announced in the aftermath of the U.S. withdrawal. The Bush administration announced the need for further research on climate change and aslo supported, in general, the promotion of renewable energy, particularly of hydrogen technology. As a contribution to the International Renewable Energy Conference to be hosted by Germany in Bonn from June 2 to 6, 2004, this paper seeks to examine domestic policies implemented in the United States to promote renewable energy. With respect to the constitutional division of power and differences in political strategies and programs, the paper makes a distinction between federal and state policies regarding renewable energy. The following discussion will show that, despite a reluctance on the federal level, much progress in promoting renewables on the state level has been made and is likely to continue. While the development on the state level is very promising, a comprehensive federal approach, crucial for a sustainable change in energy supply, is still missing. Chapter One briefly outlines what definition of ‚renewable energy′ is relevant for the paper, and which renewable energy sources are included in the discussion. After a short description of pertinent alternative energy sources, a discussion of federal attempts to further the development of renewables will follow in Chapter Two. The paper identifies federal mandates, incentives, research and development and federal programs as the four major fields of federal activity and discusses them accordingly. Chapter Three gives a comprehensive overview of the state activities regarding alternative energy sources. The paper makes a distinction between financial incentives; rules, regulations and policies; and outreach and voluntary programs to describe activities on the state level. ...
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The legal basis to provide financial incentives is found in the enumerated powers of the Constitution for the exercise of federal authority, the police and tax powers for the exercise of state authority, and state delegated powers for the exercise of local authority. These powers are limited by the federal and state constitutions, and the scope of delegated authority. The major types of financial incentives are tax incentives, including income tax deductions and credits, accelerated depreciation allowances, tax-exempt bonds, and reduction in property and sales taxes; loan incentives, including low interest loans, government guaranteed and insured loans, and elimination of statutory and secondary market constraints; and government transfer incentives, including grants in aid from all levels of government. Other incentives that will indirectly affect the financing and availability of solar energy technologies include eliminating or reducing financial incentives benefiting competitive energy sources, government action to insure the operation of solar energy equipment, government-sponsored education, research, and development programs, government demonstration and procurement programs, and placing priority on rapid passage of solar energy legislation dealing with financial incentives. In most cases, a financial incentives program constituting one or more of these incentives will probably not confront any major, unique, legal or institutional impediments. The minor impediments that do exist can usually be eliminated by preventive legislation.
Author: Chinese Academy of Engineering Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309160006 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 256
Book Description
The United States and China are the world's top two energy consumers and, as of 2010, the two largest economies. Consequently, they have a decisive role to play in the world's clean energy future. Both countries are also motivated by related goals, namely diversified energy portfolios, job creation, energy security, and pollution reduction, making renewable energy development an important strategy with wide-ranging implications. Given the size of their energy markets, any substantial progress the two countries make in advancing use of renewable energy will provide global benefits, in terms of enhanced technological understanding, reduced costs through expanded deployment, and reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions relative to conventional generation from fossil fuels. Within this context, the U.S. National Academies, in collaboration with the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE), reviewed renewable energy development and deployment in the two countries, to highlight prospects for collaboration across the research to deployment chain and to suggest strategies which would promote more rapid and economical attainment of renewable energy goals. Main findings and concerning renewable resource assessments, technology development, environmental impacts, market infrastructure, among others, are presented. Specific recommendations have been limited to those judged to be most likely to accelerate the pace of deployment, increase cost-competitiveness, or shape the future market for renewable energy. The recommendations presented here are also pragmatic and achievable.
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on Energy and Agricultural Taxation Publisher: ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 264
Author: Michael Gerrard Publisher: American Bar Association ISBN: 9781614380085 Category : Clean energy Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Increasing energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy are the most important actions that can be taken to combat climate changes. As a result, the growth of clean energy will likely be one of the major economic engines of the coming decade.
Author: Oxana Yurievna Petritchenko
Author: Oxana Yurievna Petritchenko
Author: 
Author: 
Author: Ronny Kittler
Author: 
Author: United States. General Accounting Office
Author: Chinese Academy of Engineering
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on Energy and Agricultural Taxation
Author: J. David Roessner
Author: Michael Gerrard