Effect of Salinity on Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa) and Its Response to Applied Mineral Nitrogen PDF Download

Author: Sangeeta Bansal
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alfalfa
Languages : en
Pages : 139

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Author: Thomas J. Keck
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alfalfa
Languages : en
Pages : 200

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Book Description
A greehhouse study was conducted to assess the interactive effects of three irrigation water salinity levels (1. 0, 3. 0, and 9. 0 mmho/cm) and three quantities of water app lied per irrigation (120, 240, 360 ml) on plant growth and nitrogen fixation by alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Resistador). Harvest dates corresponded t o 10, 30, and 50 days after the initiation of salt and water treatments which were started after nodulation had been established in young plants. Alfalfa top growth was limited by both salt and water s tresses. Irrigation water s alinity had a grea t er effec t on top growt h than root grm;th while root distribution was unaffected by either the quant i ty of water app l ied or by water salinity. The effects of salinity on pl ant growth were reduced in the presence of l imi ting moisture. The specific nodul e act ivi t y (mmol c2H4/hr/g) of water s tressed alfalfa pl ants was enhanced by increasing the quantity of wat er applied a t each irriga t ion and was adversely effected by increased irrigation water salinity. In contrast, both nodulation and nodule growth were insensitive t o salt stress and sensi tive only to severe mo i s ture s tress. Alfalfa plants continued to exhibit acetylene reducing capacity at the third harvest even under severe moisture and salt stress. The species apparently continues to fix nitrogen even though environmental stress is quite substantial.

Author: Casey Sutton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alfalfa
Languages : en
Pages : 140

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alfalfa
Languages : en
Pages : 24

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Author: Kathleen Ann Fishbeck
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 162

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Author: Christopher Joseph Post
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 224

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Author: Randall Gene Groat
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 248

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Author: Harikesh Bahadur Singh
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323855784
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 488

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New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Sustainable Agriculture: Advances in Microbe-Based Biostimulants describes advances in microbial mechanisms involved in crop production and stress alleviation. Recent developments in our understanding of the role of microbes in sustainable agriculture and disease management have created a highly potential research area. The plant holobiont has a significant role in stress signaling, nutrient use efficiency, and soil health and fertility for sustainable developments. The mycorrhizosphere, hyphosphere, phyllosphere, rhizosphere and endosphere are critical interfaces for the exchange of signaling and resources between plants and soil environment.? This book is an ideal reference source for microbiologists, agrochemists, biotechnologists, biochemists, industrialists, researchers and scientists working on agriculturally important microorganisms and their exploitation in sustainable future applications. - Gives insights into mechanisms of plant-microbe interaction - Introduces new aspects and advances in plant-microbe interaction for disease management - Includes descriptions and modern practices on how to harness the potential of microbes in sustainable agriculture applications

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 188

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Author: Philip E. Shuler
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alfalfa
Languages : en
Pages : 170

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The usefulness of preplant nitrogen (N) in establishing alfalfa in colder production areas has not been well characterized. This study was conducted to determine the effect of preplant N and soil temperature on yield, percent N derived from biological nitrogen fixation (PBNF), and shoot N concentration in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. 'Vernema'. Field experiments were conducted in 1987 and 1988 at Powell Butte, OR, to determine the effect of five levels of preplant N (0, 10, 20, 40, 60 kg ha−1) on yield and shoot N concentration of alfalfa. Growth chamber experiments were conducted from 1989 through 1991 to examine the effect of five levels of preplant N (0, 10, 20, 40, 80 kg ha−1) and three day/ - night soil temperatures (18/12°C, 24/16°C, 27/21°C) on yield, PBNF, and shoot N concentration of alfalfa. In field experiments, preplant N had no effect on shoot N concentration in either year. In 1987 there was no effect of preplant N on dry matter yield. Application of 20-40 kg N ha−1 preplant N increased dry matter yield in 1988. In growth chamber experiments, the highest rate of dry matter accumulation occurred at a soil temperature of 24/16°C. At 18/12°C and 24/16°C, 40 kg ha−1 preplant N resulted in increased shoot and root dry matter yield. At 18/12°C, 80 kg ha-1 preplant N increased PBNF 14% relative to the zero N control. There was no effect of preplant N on PBNF in plants grown at 24/16°C and 27/- 21°C. The rates of shoot N accumulation were similar at 18/12°C and 24/16°C, and were higher than at 27/21°C. Shoot N concentration was not affected by preplant N treatments. The use of 20-40 kg ha−1 preplant N may result in increased yield without decreasing PBNF when: 1) soil temperature remains below 15°C for at least two weeks after planting, and 2) soil nitrate level is less than 16 mg kg−1. Proper assessment of the use of preplant N in alfalfa establishment requires a careful consideration of both soil temperature and soil N availability.