Effect of Soil Moisture Stress on Plant Water Deficits in Wheat PDF Download

Author: Pagidala Rama Subba Reddy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 70

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Author: W. Day
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 0306419335
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 407

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The concept of using mathematical models to investigate crop growth and productivity has attracted much attention in recent years. A major reason is that modelling can allow an expert in one area to assess the impact of his ideas in the light of other advances in our understanding of crop performance. Whether or not many of the claims made for or the demands made of models can ever be satisfied, this role as a focus for quantitative definition of crop growth is an important one. One consequence is that the development and appraisal of such models requires the efforts of scientists from a wide range of disciplines. This NATO Advanced Research workshop was designed to bring together such a range of scientists to consider the wheat crop, and assess our understanding of the crop and our ability to model its growth and yield. The ideas and organization behind the workshop involved many people. The U. K. interest in a computer model of wheat growth was instigated by Dr. Joe Landsberg (then of Long Ashton Research Station, but now Director of CSIRO Division of Forest Research), who in 1979 started a modelling exercise as part of a collaborative study of the causes of yield variation in winter wheat, involving four research institutes supported by the Agricultural and Food Research Council. Dr.

Author: V. Ravichandran
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 143

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Author: Satya Pal Goel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Parvaiz Ahmad
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119054478
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 784

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Plants are subjected to a variety of abiotic stresses such as drought, temperature, salinity, air pollution, heavy metals, UV radiations, etc. To survive under these harsh conditions plants are equipped with different resistance mechanisms which vary from species to species. Due to the environmental fluctuations agricultural and horticultural crops are often exposed to different environmental stresses leading to decreased yield and problems in the growth and development of the crops. Drought stress has been found to decrease the yield to an alarming rate of some important crops throughout the globe. During last few decades, lots of physiological and molecular works have been conducted under water stress in crop plants. Water Stress and Crop Plants: A Sustainable Approach presents an up-to-date in-depth coverage of drought and flooding stress in plants, including the types, causes and consequences on plant growth and development. It discusses the physiobiochemical, molecular and omic approaches, and responses of crop plants towards water stress. Topics include nutritional stress, oxidative stress, hormonal regulation, transgenic approaches, mitigation of water stress, approaches to sustainability, and modern tools and techniques to alleviate the water stress on crop yields. This practical book offers pragmatic guidance for scientists and researchers in plant biology, and agribusinesses and biotechnology companies dealing with agronomy and environment, to mitigate the negative effects of stress and improve yield under stress. The broad coverage also makes this a valuable guide enabling students to understand the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of environmental stress in plants.

Author: Arun K.Shanker
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128160918
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 600

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Climate Change and Crop Stress: Molecules to Ecosystems expounds on the transitional period where science has progressed to 'post-genomics' and the gene editing era, putting field performance of crops to the forefront and challenging the production of practical applicability vs. theoretical possibility. Researchers have concentrated efforts on the effects of environmental stress conditions such as drought, heat, salinity, cold, or pathogen infection which can have a devastating impact on plant growth and yield. Designed to deliver information to combat stress both in isolation and through simultaneous crop stresses, this edited compilation provides a comprehensive view on the challenges and impacts of simultaneous stresses. Presents a multidisciplinary view of crop stresses, empowering readers to quickly align their individual experience and perspective with the broader context Combines the mechanistic aspects of stresses with the strategic aspects Presents both abiotic and biotic stresses in a single volume

Author: Marcos Vinicius Assuncao
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Wheat
Languages : en
Pages : 216

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Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of moisture stress on physiological changes that occur during the vegetative and reproductive stages of the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plant, and to relate these effects to seed yield, quality and performance. In a field experiment, different levels of moisture stress were obtained by establishing plots in two rainfall areas, and by planting on three different dates in the dryland area. Seed development and maturation occurred under extreme moisture stress in Moro (254mm annual rainfall), while stress at Corvallis (1020 mm annual rainfall) was low. Plants from the early fall planting were subjected to the most stress because of the greater fall growth which removed much of the soil moisture. Lowest seed yields occurred under the greatest moisture stress conditions, primarily because of a reduced number of seeds per spike. Seed size was the quality component most affected by moisture stress. Smaller seed size was associated with lower soil water potential, higher leaf area index during vegetative growth, and higher specific leaf weight and water soluble carbohydrate content of the plants after anthesis. Water soluble carbohydrate content was particularly high in the rachises of the most severely stressed plants, indicating a reduced rate of translocation to the developing seeds. Embryo weight was also reduced in the more stressed plants in proportioa to the reduction in seed weight. The protein contents of seeds from all three moisture stress levels at Moro were similar. Seeds developed under the most severe water stress had the highest respiratory quotient and lowest glutamic acid decarboxylase activity. The growth rate of seedlings produced by these seeds was 29% lower than that from seeds from the less stressed plots. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effects of water stress under controlled conditions. Plants were grown under three moisture regimes (600, 300 and 150 ml water/pot/day) from the time awns were first visible on the main stem until maturity. Water-stressed plants had smaller leaf area and leaf dry weight, higher specific leaf weight, earlier leaf senescence, lower dry weight, and lower seed yield. On the other hand, water-stressed plants produced larger seeds, with heavier embryos, higher protein content, lower CO2 evolution and lower respiratory quotient. These seeds in turn produced seedlings with greater vigor in terms of seedling growth rate. Because of the compensation ability of the wheat plant, development of management practices to decrease certain yield components in favor of enhanced seed quality is worthy of further study.

Author: Brian Ramsay Eliott
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Wheat
Languages : en
Pages : 370

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Author: Maryke Tine Labuschagne
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Arid regions agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 148

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Author: Jun J. Abe
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401729239
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 444

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The root is the organ that functions as the interface between the plant and the earth environment. Many human management practices involving crops, forests and natural vegetation also affect plant growth through the soil and roots. Understanding the morphology and function of roots from the cellular level to the level of the whole root system is required for both plant production and environmental protection. This book is at the forefront of plant root science (rhizology), catering to professional plant scientists and graduate students. It covers root development, stress physiology, ecology, and associations with microorganisms. The chapters are selected papers originally presented at the 6th Symposium of the International Society of Root Research, where plant biologists, ecologists, soil microbiologists, crop scientists, forestry scientists, and environmental scientists, among others, gathered to discuss current research results and to establish rhizology as a newly integrated research area.