Effect of In-cylinder Liquid Fuel Films on Engine-out Unburned Hydrocarbon Emissions for SI Engines PDF Download
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Author: Vincent Stanley Costanzo Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 272
Book Description
Nearly all of the hydrocarbon emissions from a modern gasoline-fueled vehicle occur when the engine is first started. One important contributing factor to this is the fact that, during this time, temperatures throughout the engine are low - below the point at which all of the components of the gasoline can readily vaporize. Consequently, any fuel that enters the combustion chamber in liquid form can escape combustion and subsequently be exhausted as hydrocarbon emissions. An experimental study was performed in a firing engine in which liquid gasoline films were established at various locations in the combustion chamber and the resulting impact on hydrocarbon emissions was assessed. Unique about this setup was that it combined direct visual observation of the liquid fuel films, measurements of the temperatures these films were subjected to, and the determination from gas analyzers of burned and unburned fuel quantities - all with cycle-level or better resolution. An increase in the hydrocarbon emissions was observed with liquid gasoline films present in the combustion chamber. This increase depended upon both the location of the film and the temperature of that location, and correlated with estimates of the mass of fuel in the film. The largest impact was observed when the head near the exhaust valve was wetted; the smallest impact was observed when the piston on the intake side of the engine was wetted. In general, as engine temperatures increased the hydrocarbon emissions due to the liquid fuel films decreased. It was also identified when, in the exhaust event, fuel from the films was actually exhausted. The effect of the location of the liquid fuel film can best be understood in terms of the time before flame arrival at that location, the local flow over the film, and the extent to which the overall flow in the combustion chamber carries fuel from the film to the exhaust valve. The primary effect of wall temperature is to affect the amount of vaporization from the film: as temperature increases more vaporization occurs before flame arrival, resulting in less fuel that can vaporize post-flame as unburned fuel emissions.
Author: Vincent Stanley Costanzo Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 272
Book Description
Nearly all of the hydrocarbon emissions from a modern gasoline-fueled vehicle occur when the engine is first started. One important contributing factor to this is the fact that, during this time, temperatures throughout the engine are low - below the point at which all of the components of the gasoline can readily vaporize. Consequently, any fuel that enters the combustion chamber in liquid form can escape combustion and subsequently be exhausted as hydrocarbon emissions. An experimental study was performed in a firing engine in which liquid gasoline films were established at various locations in the combustion chamber and the resulting impact on hydrocarbon emissions was assessed. Unique about this setup was that it combined direct visual observation of the liquid fuel films, measurements of the temperatures these films were subjected to, and the determination from gas analyzers of burned and unburned fuel quantities - all with cycle-level or better resolution. An increase in the hydrocarbon emissions was observed with liquid gasoline films present in the combustion chamber. This increase depended upon both the location of the film and the temperature of that location, and correlated with estimates of the mass of fuel in the film. The largest impact was observed when the head near the exhaust valve was wetted; the smallest impact was observed when the piston on the intake side of the engine was wetted. In general, as engine temperatures increased the hydrocarbon emissions due to the liquid fuel films decreased. It was also identified when, in the exhaust event, fuel from the films was actually exhausted. The effect of the location of the liquid fuel film can best be understood in terms of the time before flame arrival at that location, the local flow over the film, and the extent to which the overall flow in the combustion chamber carries fuel from the film to the exhaust valve. The primary effect of wall temperature is to affect the amount of vaporization from the film: as temperature increases more vaporization occurs before flame arrival, resulting in less fuel that can vaporize post-flame as unburned fuel emissions.
Author: John H Johnson Publisher: SAE International ISBN: 1468602098 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 700
Book Description
Emission and fuel economy regulations and standards are compelling manufacturers to build ultra-low emission vehicles. As a result, engineers must develop spark-ignition engines with integrated emission control systems that use reformulated low-sulfur fuel. Emission Control and Fuel Economy for Port and Direct Injected SI Engines is a collection of SAE technical papers that covers the fundamentals of gasoline direct injection (DI) engine emissions and fuel economy, design variable effects on HC emissions, and advanced emission control technology and modeling approaches. All papers contained in this book were selected by an accomplished expert as the best in the field; reprinted in their entirety, they present a pathway to integrated emission control systems that meet 2004-2009 EPA standards for light-duty vehicles.
Author: Victor M. Salazar Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 355
Book Description
The effect of the liquid fuel in the intake manifold, the ring pack crevices and the oil film on the unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emissions of a spark-ignited, carbureted, air-cooled V-twin engine was studied. Tests were performed for a range of engine load, two engine speeds, various air-fuel ratio and with a fixed ignition timing. To isolate liquid fuel effects due to the poor atomization and vaporization of the fuel when using a carburetor, a specially conditioned homogeneous, pre-vaporized mixture system (HMS) was developed. The results from carburetor and HMS are compared. To verify the existence of liquid fuel in the manifold, and to obtain an estimate of its mass, a carburetor-mounted liquid fuel injection (CMLFI) system was also implemented. Stop-injection tests performed with the CMFLI system show that 60-80 cycles worth of liquid fuel is held in the intake manifold depending on operating condition. The results of the comparison show that the liquid fuel in the intake manifold does not have a statistically significant influence on the averaged HC emissions. In addition, the cycle-resolved HC emissions for both systems follow the same trends and are comparable in magnitude. Heat release analysis showed little difference between fuel mixture delivery system. These results suggest that under steady state operation the HC emissions for this engine are not sensitive to the presence of liquid fuel in the intake manifold. The ring pack contribution to the engine-out HC emissions was estimated using a simplified ring pack gas flow model; the model was tested against the experimentally measured blowby. The tests were performed using the homogeneous fuel mixture system. The integrated mass of HC leaving the crevices from the end of combustion (the crank angle that the cumulative burn fraction reached 90%) to exhaust valve closing was taken to represent the potential contribution of the ring pack to the overall HC emissions; post-oxidation in the cylinder will consume so
Author: Fuquan Zhao Publisher: SAE International ISBN: 0768096022 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 728
Book Description
During the last several years, significant efforts have been directed toward the development of ultra-clean, gasoline-powered vehicles in the automotive industry. With the coming of increasingly stringent emissions legislation, this development is more critical now than ever before. This has lead to an increase in the technical information available. Advanced Developments in Ultra-Clean Gasoline-Powered Vehicles provides the reader with technical information including a description of fundamental processes, insight on technical issues, key trends, and future R&D directions.
Author: Fuquan Zhao Publisher: SAE International ISBN: 0768043018 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 486
Book Description
Dr. Fuquan (Frank) Zhao and experts in the field address a broad spectrum of key research and development issues in the rapidly progressing area of near-zero-emission gasoline-powered vehicles. Written in response to the increasingly stringent emissions legislation, this book provides the reader with a concise introduction to technology developments in near-zero-emission gasoline-powered vehicles. The material reflects global technical initiatives within the automotive and research communities. In all, this book contains more than 450 pages, with nearly 200 descriptive diagrams and/or images. It will serve as a valuable desk reference and provide the basics for those who are interested in understanding this advancing technology.
Author: Avinash Kumar Agarwal Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811683441 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 424
Book Description
This book highlights ways of using gaseous and liquid e-fuels like hydrogen (H2), methane (CH4), methanol (CH3OH), DME (CH3-O-CH3), Ammonia (NH3), synthetic petrol and diesel, etc in existing engines and their effects on tailpipe emissions. The contents also cover calibration and optimization procedure for adaptation of these fuels. the volume also discusses the economical aspect of these fuels. Chapters include recent results and are focused on current trends of automotive sector. This book will be of interest to those in academia and industry involved in fuels, IC engines, engine instrumentation, and environmental research.
Author: Rakesh Kumar Maurya Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319685082 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 553
Book Description
This book deals with novel advanced engine combustion technologies having potential of high fuel conversion efficiency along with ultralow NOx and particulate matter (PM) emissions. It offers insight into advanced combustion modes for efficient utilization of gasoline like fuels. Fundamentals of various advanced low temperature combustion (LTC) systems such as HCCI, PCCI, PPC and RCCI engines and their fuel quality requirements are also discussed. Detailed performance, combustion and emissions characteristics of futuristic engine technologies such as PPC and RCCI employing conventional as well as alternative fuels are analyzed and discussed. Special emphasis is placed on soot particle number emission characterization, high load limiting constraints, and fuel effects on combustion characteristics in LTC engines. For closed loop combustion control of LTC engines, sensors, actuators and control strategies are also discussed. The book should prove useful to a broad audience, including graduate students, researchers, and professionals Offers novel technologies for improved and efficient utilization of gasoline like fuels; Deals with most advanced and futuristic engine combustion modes such as PPC and RCCI; Comprehensible presentation of the performance, combustion and emissions characteristics of low temperature combustion (LTC) engines; Deals with closed loop combustion control of advanced LTC engines; State-of-the-art technology book that concisely summarizes the recent advancements in LTC technology. .
Author: Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 0470974028 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 3888
Book Description
Erstmals eine umfassende und einheitliche Wissensbasis und Grundlage für weiterführende Studien und Forschung im Bereich der Automobiltechnik. Die Encyclopedia of Automotive Engineering ist die erste umfassende und einheitliche Wissensbasis dieses Fachgebiets und legt den Grundstein für weitere Studien und tiefgreifende Forschung. Weitreichende Querverweise und Suchfunktionen ermöglichen erstmals den zentralen Zugriff auf Detailinformationen zu bewährten Branchenstandards und -verfahren. Zusammenhängende Konzepte und Techniken aus Spezialbereichen lassen sich so einfacher verstehen. Neben traditionellen Themen des Fachgebiets beschäftigt sich diese Enzyklopädie auch mit "grünen" Technologien, dem Übergang von der Mechanik zur Elektronik und den Möglichkeiten zur Herstellung sicherer, effizienterer Fahrzeuge unter weltweit unterschiedlichen wirtschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen. Das Referenzwerk behandelt neun Hauptbereiche: (1) Motoren: Grundlagen; (2) Motoren: Design; (3) Hybrid- und Elektroantriebe; (4) Getriebe- und Antriebssysteme; (5) Chassis-Systeme; (6) Elektrische und elektronische Systeme; (7) Karosserie-Design; (8) Materialien und Fertigung; (9) Telematik. - Zuverlässige Darstellung einer Vielzahl von Spezialthemen aus dem Bereich der Automobiltechnik. - Zugängliches Nachschlagewerk für Jungingenieure und Studenten, die die technologischen Grundlagen besser verstehen und ihre Kenntnisse erweitern möchten. - Wertvolle Verweise auf Detailinformationen und Forschungsergebnisse aus der technischen Literatur. - Entwickelt in Zusammenarbeit mit der FISITA, der Dachorganisation nationaler Automobil-Ingenieur-Verbände aus 37 Ländern und Vertretung von über 185.000 Ingenieuren aus der Branche. - Erhältlich als stets aktuelle Online-Ressource mit umfassenden Suchfunktionen oder als Print-Ausgabe in sechs Bänden mit über 4.000 Seiten. Ein wichtiges Nachschlagewerk für Bibliotheken und Informationszentren in der Industrie, bei Forschungs- und Schulungseinrichtungen, Fachgesellschaften, Regierungsbehörden und allen Ingenieurstudiengängen. Richtet sich an Fachingenieure und Techniker aus der Industrie, Studenten höherer Semester und Studienabsolventen, Forscher, Dozenten und Ausbilder, Branchenanalysen und Forscher.
Author: Vincent Stanley Costanzo
Author: Vincent Stanley Costanzo
Author: Vincent S. Costanzo
Author: John H Johnson
Author: Victor M. Salazar
Author: V. M. Salazar
Author: Fuquan Zhao
Author: Fuquan Zhao
Author: Avinash Kumar Agarwal
Author: Rakesh Kumar Maurya
Author: