Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Fracture toughness (K/sub c/) of 17-4 PH stainless steel decreased significantly with increased hydrogen test pressure for a variety of heat treatment conditions: solution annealed, underaged, peak-aged, and overaged. Minimum toughness (13 MPa.sqrt.m) was obtained with peak-aged samples tested in 69.5-MPa hydrogen; toughness was maximum (100 MPa.sqrt.m) for samples tested in helium. Aging treatments increased the hardness from 28 R/sub c/ for solution-annealed material to 42 R/c/ for peak-aged material and correspondingly decreased the fracture toughness in high-pressure hydrogen (K/sub H/) from 31 to 13 MPa.sqrt.m. However, increased hardness had no substantial effect on the K/sub c/ in helium. Fracture mechanism changed from predominantly ductile rupture in helium to cleavage in 69.5-MPa hydrogen, with mixed-mode fractures at lower hydrogen pressure (3.5-MPa). On the basis of these data, 17-4 PH stainless steel is not recommended for hydrogen service.
Effect of Hydrogen on the Fracture Toughness of 17-4 PH Stainless Steel
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Fracture toughness (K/sub c/) of 17-4 PH stainless steel decreased significantly with increased hydrogen test pressure for a variety of heat treatment conditions: solution annealed, underaged, peak-aged, and overaged. Minimum toughness (13 MPa.sqrt.m) was obtained with peak-aged samples tested in 69.5-MPa hydrogen; toughness was maximum (100 MPa.sqrt.m) for samples tested in helium. Aging treatments increased the hardness from 28 R/sub c/ for solution-annealed material to 42 R/c/ for peak-aged material and correspondingly decreased the fracture toughness in high-pressure hydrogen (K/sub H/) from 31 to 13 MPa.sqrt.m. However, increased hardness had no substantial effect on the K/sub c/ in helium. Fracture mechanism changed from predominantly ductile rupture in helium to cleavage in 69.5-MPa hydrogen, with mixed-mode fractures at lower hydrogen pressure (3.5-MPa). On the basis of these data, 17-4 PH stainless steel is not recommended for hydrogen service.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Fracture toughness (K/sub c/) of 17-4 PH stainless steel decreased significantly with increased hydrogen test pressure for a variety of heat treatment conditions: solution annealed, underaged, peak-aged, and overaged. Minimum toughness (13 MPa.sqrt.m) was obtained with peak-aged samples tested in 69.5-MPa hydrogen; toughness was maximum (100 MPa.sqrt.m) for samples tested in helium. Aging treatments increased the hardness from 28 R/sub c/ for solution-annealed material to 42 R/c/ for peak-aged material and correspondingly decreased the fracture toughness in high-pressure hydrogen (K/sub H/) from 31 to 13 MPa.sqrt.m. However, increased hardness had no substantial effect on the K/sub c/ in helium. Fracture mechanism changed from predominantly ductile rupture in helium to cleavage in 69.5-MPa hydrogen, with mixed-mode fractures at lower hydrogen pressure (3.5-MPa). On the basis of these data, 17-4 PH stainless steel is not recommended for hydrogen service.
The Effects of Hydrogen on the Fracture Toughness Properties of Upset Welded Stainless Steel
HYDROGEN EFFECTS ON THE FRACTURE TOUGHNESS PROPERTIES OF FORGED STAINLESS STEELS.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
The effect of hydrogen on the fracture toughness properties of Types 304L, 316L and 21-6-9 forged stainless steels was investigated. Fracture toughness samples were fabricated from forward-extruded forgings. Samples were uniformly saturated with hydrogen after exposure to hydrogen gas at 34 MPa or 69 and 623 K prior to testing. The fracture toughness properties were characterized by measuring the J-R behavior at ambient temperature in air. The results show that the hydrogen-charged steels have fracture toughness values that were about 50-60% of the values measured for the unexposed steels. The reduction in fracture toughness was accompanied by a change in fracture appearance. Both uncharged and hydrogen-charged samples failed by microvoid nucleation and coalescence, but the fracture surfaces of the hydrogen-charged steels had smaller microvoids. Type 316L stainless steel had the highest fracture toughness properties and the greatest resistance to hydrogen degradation.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
The effect of hydrogen on the fracture toughness properties of Types 304L, 316L and 21-6-9 forged stainless steels was investigated. Fracture toughness samples were fabricated from forward-extruded forgings. Samples were uniformly saturated with hydrogen after exposure to hydrogen gas at 34 MPa or 69 and 623 K prior to testing. The fracture toughness properties were characterized by measuring the J-R behavior at ambient temperature in air. The results show that the hydrogen-charged steels have fracture toughness values that were about 50-60% of the values measured for the unexposed steels. The reduction in fracture toughness was accompanied by a change in fracture appearance. Both uncharged and hydrogen-charged samples failed by microvoid nucleation and coalescence, but the fracture surfaces of the hydrogen-charged steels had smaller microvoids. Type 316L stainless steel had the highest fracture toughness properties and the greatest resistance to hydrogen degradation.
Hydrogen Embrittlement and Stress Corrosion Cracking
Author: Alexander Robert Troiano
Publisher: ASM International
ISBN: 9781615031788
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 356
Book Description
Publisher: ASM International
ISBN: 9781615031788
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 356
Book Description
The Effects of Hydrogen, Tritium, and Heat Treatment on the Deformation and Fracture Toughness Properties of Stainless Steel
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
The deformation and fracture toughness properties of forged stainless steels pre-charged with tritium were compared to the deformation and fracture toughness properties of the same steels heat treated at 773 K or 873 K and precharged with hydrogen. Forged stainless steels pre-charged with tritium exhibit an aging effect: Fracture toughness values decrease with aging time after precharging because of the increase in concentration of helium from tritium decay. This study shows that forged stainless steels given a prior heat treatment and then pre-charged with hydrogen also exhibit an aging effect: Fracture toughness values decrease with increasing time at temperature. A microstructural analysis showed that the fracture toughness reduction in the heat-treated steels was due to patches of recrystallized grains that form within the forged matrix during the heat treatment. The combination of hydrogen and the patches of recrystallized grains resulted in more deformation twinning. Heavy deformation twinning on multiple slip planes was typical for the hydrogen-charged samples; whereas, in the non-charged samples, less twinning was observed and was generally limited to one slip plane. Similar effects occur in tritium pre-charged steels, but the deformation twinning is brought on by the hardening associated with decay helium bubbles in the microstructure.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
The deformation and fracture toughness properties of forged stainless steels pre-charged with tritium were compared to the deformation and fracture toughness properties of the same steels heat treated at 773 K or 873 K and precharged with hydrogen. Forged stainless steels pre-charged with tritium exhibit an aging effect: Fracture toughness values decrease with aging time after precharging because of the increase in concentration of helium from tritium decay. This study shows that forged stainless steels given a prior heat treatment and then pre-charged with hydrogen also exhibit an aging effect: Fracture toughness values decrease with increasing time at temperature. A microstructural analysis showed that the fracture toughness reduction in the heat-treated steels was due to patches of recrystallized grains that form within the forged matrix during the heat treatment. The combination of hydrogen and the patches of recrystallized grains resulted in more deformation twinning. Heavy deformation twinning on multiple slip planes was typical for the hydrogen-charged samples; whereas, in the non-charged samples, less twinning was observed and was generally limited to one slip plane. Similar effects occur in tritium pre-charged steels, but the deformation twinning is brought on by the hardening associated with decay helium bubbles in the microstructure.
HYDROGEN EFFECTS ON FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF TYPE 316L STAINLESS STEEL FROM 175 K TO 425 K.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
The effects of hydrogen on the fracture-toughness properties of Type 316L stainless steel from 175 K to 425 K were measured. Fracture-toughness samples were fabricated from Type 316L stainless steel forgings and hydrogen-charged with hydrogen at 34 MPa and 623 K for two weeks prior to testing. The effect of hydrogen on the J-Integral vs. crack extension behavior was measured at various temperatures by fracturing non-charged and hydrogen-charged samples in an environmental chamber. Hydrogen-charged steels had lower toughness values than non-charged ones, but still retained good toughness properties. The fracture-toughness values of hydrogen-charged samples tested near ambient temperature were about 70% of non-charged values. For hydrogen-charged samples tested at 225 K and 425 K, the fracture-toughness values were 50% of the non-charged values. In all cases, fracture occurred by microvoid nucleation and coalescence, although the hydrogen-charged samples had smaller and more closely spaced microvoids. The results suggest that hydrogen effects on toughness are greater at 225 K than they are at ambient temperature because of strain-induced martensite formation. At 425 K, the hydrogen effects on toughness are greater than they are at ambient temperature because of the higher mobility of hydrogen.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
The effects of hydrogen on the fracture-toughness properties of Type 316L stainless steel from 175 K to 425 K were measured. Fracture-toughness samples were fabricated from Type 316L stainless steel forgings and hydrogen-charged with hydrogen at 34 MPa and 623 K for two weeks prior to testing. The effect of hydrogen on the J-Integral vs. crack extension behavior was measured at various temperatures by fracturing non-charged and hydrogen-charged samples in an environmental chamber. Hydrogen-charged steels had lower toughness values than non-charged ones, but still retained good toughness properties. The fracture-toughness values of hydrogen-charged samples tested near ambient temperature were about 70% of non-charged values. For hydrogen-charged samples tested at 225 K and 425 K, the fracture-toughness values were 50% of the non-charged values. In all cases, fracture occurred by microvoid nucleation and coalescence, although the hydrogen-charged samples had smaller and more closely spaced microvoids. The results suggest that hydrogen effects on toughness are greater at 225 K than they are at ambient temperature because of strain-induced martensite formation. At 425 K, the hydrogen effects on toughness are greater than they are at ambient temperature because of the higher mobility of hydrogen.
Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports
Energy Research Abstracts
GaN, AIN, InN and their Alloys: Volume 831
Author: Christian Wetzel
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9781558997790
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
This book discusses GaN and Related Alloys and reflects an emerging emphasis on the binaries of InN and AlN. The major thrust here is the topical development of thin-film growth, bulk growth techniques, methods to cover the full ternary and quaternary alloy ranges toward InN and AlN and their characterization; strategies for structural defect reduction and their characterization; ways to better control p-type doping and its characterization; device and defect physics, including polarization effects; physics of surfaces and interfaces; and device processing techniques. In addition, advances in MBE devices, high-power electronics, RF performance of electronics, UV emitters, high-efficiency light emitters, photo and chemical sensors, as well as new applications within the group-III nitrides, are also covered. The book captures the current status of this field and will be useful for researchers working with group-III nitrides, as well as for students who seek entry into this subject.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9781558997790
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
This book discusses GaN and Related Alloys and reflects an emerging emphasis on the binaries of InN and AlN. The major thrust here is the topical development of thin-film growth, bulk growth techniques, methods to cover the full ternary and quaternary alloy ranges toward InN and AlN and their characterization; strategies for structural defect reduction and their characterization; ways to better control p-type doping and its characterization; device and defect physics, including polarization effects; physics of surfaces and interfaces; and device processing techniques. In addition, advances in MBE devices, high-power electronics, RF performance of electronics, UV emitters, high-efficiency light emitters, photo and chemical sensors, as well as new applications within the group-III nitrides, are also covered. The book captures the current status of this field and will be useful for researchers working with group-III nitrides, as well as for students who seek entry into this subject.
ERDA Energy Research Abstracts
Author: United States. Energy Research and Development Administration
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 958
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 958
Book Description