Effect of Heat Stress and Auxin Application at Flowering on Grain Yield and QTL Associated with Heat Stress Responses in Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) PDF Download
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Author: Ganegama Lekamge Dhuanuja Neranjalee Abeysingha Publisher: ISBN: Category : Heat Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The reproductive phase of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is highly sensitive to high-temperature stress. Temperatures above the growth optimum (23oC) interfere negatively with the reproductive development processes, resulting in poor grain set and yield. Crop adaptation strategies can be used to overcome the negative effects of heat stress on grain yield and can be achieved through genetic modifications and proper agronomic practices. Experiments presented in this thesis test the hypotheses that: 1) heat stress at initial flowering (35 °C for 6 h per day for 6 days) has a negative impact on grain yield and foliar auxin application (4-Cl-IAA, 1μM) has the ability to at least partially negate the negative impact of heat stress, and 2) variation in heat stress response with respect to grain yield among a wheat RIL population will allow for the identification of specific phenotypic traits and quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with heat stress resistance. First, a controlled environment experiment was conducted to evaluate the Canadian hard-red spring and/or CIMMYTY derived parents of two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations of wheat for heat resistance and auxin responsiveness; the first population was derived from a cross between 'Attila' and 'CDC Go', and the second between 'CDC Teal' and 'CDC Go'. The 'Attila' x 'CDC Go' RIL population (171 lines) was selected for in-depth evaluation because 1) grain yield after heat-stress differed in 'Attila' and 'CDC Go', 2) the ability of a one-time foliar 4-Cl-IAA application (prior to heat stress) to ameliorate the negative effects of heat stress with respect to grain yield was observed in 'Attila' and 'CDC Go', and 3) the 'Attila' × 'CDC Go' RIL population was more extensively characterized in the field in previous studies than the 'CDC Teal' x 'CDC Go' RIL population. The 'Attila' x 'CDC Go' RILs, the parental RIL cultivars, and seven other Canadian spring wheat cultivars were further evaluated for heat resistance and auxin responsiveness under controlled environmental conditions. 'Attila' showed greater yield stability under heat stress conditions at flowering compared to 'CDC Go'. The lower heat tolerance for 'CDC Go' when exposed to the heat stress treatment was reflected in substantial reduction in main tiller grain yield (~ 45%) associated with reductions in the number of fertile spikelets per spike, grains per spikelet and per fertile spikelet. Heat stress reduced the RIL population mean grain number and weight with a substantial reduction in fertile spikelets per spike and grain number per spikelet or per fertile spikelet. Within the RIL population, 45% (77 RILs) were categorized as heat-resistant, 20.5% as moderately heat susceptible (35 RILs) and 7.6% (13 RILs) as highly heat susceptible with respect to grain weight. Strong to minor relationships were observed between yield component traits and grain yield among the standard spring wheat cultivars and the 'Attila' × 'CDC Go' RIL population, and in some cases heat stress affected the strength of the relationships. Auxin treatment increased some yield traits (grain number and weight, fertile spikelets per spike, and grain number per spikelet or per fertile spikelet) under heat stress and/or non-temperature stress conditions in 'Attila', 'CDC Go', and RILs 18, 46, 70, 80, and 145. Inclusive composite interval QTL mapping was conducted using phenotypic data of the 'Attila' x 'CDC Go' RIL population and genotypic data obtained from a previous study conducted using a subset of (1200 SNPs) Wheat 90K SNP array together with Ppd-D1, Vrn-A1, and Rht-B1 genes. Whole spike and spike section data from non-temperature stress (NS) and heat stress (HS) treatments identified 73 QTL (NS, 37; HS, 36) on 14 of the 21 chromosomes (1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3A, 4A, 4B, 5A, 5B, 6A, 6B, 7B, 7D) that individually explained 1.6 to 47.5% phenotypic variation with Logarithm of Odds (LOD) values ranging from 2.5 to 25.8. Eight important QTL clusters associated with two or more important grain yield or yield-related traits were identified on chromosomes 5A, 4B, 2B, 2D and 1B. Overall, heat stress at early flowering reduced grain yield, with the magnitude of the reduction dependent on the genotype. Relationships between grain yield and other yield-component traits were modified by the heat stress in some cases, stressing the importance of cultivar trait evaluation under environments where the cultivar will be grown. One-time foliar application of auxin prior to heat stress (4-Cl-IAA at 1 μM) at the early flowering stage can increase the grain yield and/or yield component traits in some genotypes and has the potential for use as an agronomic tool to enhance wheat grain yield. QTL and QTL clusters were identified for non-temperature stress and/or heat stress, with many detected in QTL hotspots in the wheat genome for grain yield and spike architecture.
Author: Ganegama Lekamge Dhuanuja Neranjalee Abeysingha Publisher: ISBN: Category : Heat Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The reproductive phase of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is highly sensitive to high-temperature stress. Temperatures above the growth optimum (23oC) interfere negatively with the reproductive development processes, resulting in poor grain set and yield. Crop adaptation strategies can be used to overcome the negative effects of heat stress on grain yield and can be achieved through genetic modifications and proper agronomic practices. Experiments presented in this thesis test the hypotheses that: 1) heat stress at initial flowering (35 °C for 6 h per day for 6 days) has a negative impact on grain yield and foliar auxin application (4-Cl-IAA, 1μM) has the ability to at least partially negate the negative impact of heat stress, and 2) variation in heat stress response with respect to grain yield among a wheat RIL population will allow for the identification of specific phenotypic traits and quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with heat stress resistance. First, a controlled environment experiment was conducted to evaluate the Canadian hard-red spring and/or CIMMYTY derived parents of two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations of wheat for heat resistance and auxin responsiveness; the first population was derived from a cross between 'Attila' and 'CDC Go', and the second between 'CDC Teal' and 'CDC Go'. The 'Attila' x 'CDC Go' RIL population (171 lines) was selected for in-depth evaluation because 1) grain yield after heat-stress differed in 'Attila' and 'CDC Go', 2) the ability of a one-time foliar 4-Cl-IAA application (prior to heat stress) to ameliorate the negative effects of heat stress with respect to grain yield was observed in 'Attila' and 'CDC Go', and 3) the 'Attila' × 'CDC Go' RIL population was more extensively characterized in the field in previous studies than the 'CDC Teal' x 'CDC Go' RIL population. The 'Attila' x 'CDC Go' RILs, the parental RIL cultivars, and seven other Canadian spring wheat cultivars were further evaluated for heat resistance and auxin responsiveness under controlled environmental conditions. 'Attila' showed greater yield stability under heat stress conditions at flowering compared to 'CDC Go'. The lower heat tolerance for 'CDC Go' when exposed to the heat stress treatment was reflected in substantial reduction in main tiller grain yield (~ 45%) associated with reductions in the number of fertile spikelets per spike, grains per spikelet and per fertile spikelet. Heat stress reduced the RIL population mean grain number and weight with a substantial reduction in fertile spikelets per spike and grain number per spikelet or per fertile spikelet. Within the RIL population, 45% (77 RILs) were categorized as heat-resistant, 20.5% as moderately heat susceptible (35 RILs) and 7.6% (13 RILs) as highly heat susceptible with respect to grain weight. Strong to minor relationships were observed between yield component traits and grain yield among the standard spring wheat cultivars and the 'Attila' × 'CDC Go' RIL population, and in some cases heat stress affected the strength of the relationships. Auxin treatment increased some yield traits (grain number and weight, fertile spikelets per spike, and grain number per spikelet or per fertile spikelet) under heat stress and/or non-temperature stress conditions in 'Attila', 'CDC Go', and RILs 18, 46, 70, 80, and 145. Inclusive composite interval QTL mapping was conducted using phenotypic data of the 'Attila' x 'CDC Go' RIL population and genotypic data obtained from a previous study conducted using a subset of (1200 SNPs) Wheat 90K SNP array together with Ppd-D1, Vrn-A1, and Rht-B1 genes. Whole spike and spike section data from non-temperature stress (NS) and heat stress (HS) treatments identified 73 QTL (NS, 37; HS, 36) on 14 of the 21 chromosomes (1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3A, 4A, 4B, 5A, 5B, 6A, 6B, 7B, 7D) that individually explained 1.6 to 47.5% phenotypic variation with Logarithm of Odds (LOD) values ranging from 2.5 to 25.8. Eight important QTL clusters associated with two or more important grain yield or yield-related traits were identified on chromosomes 5A, 4B, 2B, 2D and 1B. Overall, heat stress at early flowering reduced grain yield, with the magnitude of the reduction dependent on the genotype. Relationships between grain yield and other yield-component traits were modified by the heat stress in some cases, stressing the importance of cultivar trait evaluation under environments where the cultivar will be grown. One-time foliar application of auxin prior to heat stress (4-Cl-IAA at 1 μM) at the early flowering stage can increase the grain yield and/or yield component traits in some genotypes and has the potential for use as an agronomic tool to enhance wheat grain yield. QTL and QTL clusters were identified for non-temperature stress and/or heat stress, with many detected in QTL hotspots in the wheat genome for grain yield and spike architecture.
Author: Shabir H. Wani Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119432383 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 226
Book Description
Demystifies the genetic, biochemical, physiological, and molecular mechanisms underlying heat stress tolerance in plants Heat stress—when high temperatures cause irreversible damage to plant function or development—severely impairs the growth and yield of agriculturally important crops. As the global population mounts and temperatures continue to rise, it is crucial to understand the biochemical, physiological, and molecular mechanisms of thermotolerance to develop ‘climate-smart’ crops. Heat Stress Tolerance in Plants provides a holistic, cross-disciplinary survey of the latest science in this important field. Presenting contributions from an international team of plant scientists and researchers, this text examines heat stress, its impact on crop plants, and various mechanisms to modulate tolerance levels. Topics include recent advances in molecular genetic approaches to increasing heat tolerance, the potential role of biochemical and molecular markers in screening germplasm for thermotolerance, and the use of next-generation sequencing to unravel the novel genes associated with defense and metabolite pathways. This insightful book: Places contemporary research on heat stress in plants within the context of global climate change and population growth Includes diverse analyses from physiological, biochemical, molecular, and genetic perspectives Explores various approaches to increasing heat tolerance in crops of high commercial value, such as cotton Discusses the applications of plant genomics in the development of thermotolerant ‘designer crops’ An important contribution to the field, Heat Stress Tolerance in Plants is an invaluable resource for scientists, academics, students, and researchers working in fields of pulse crop biochemistry, physiology, genetics, breeding, and biotechnology.
Author: Marina Castro Derényi Publisher: ISBN: Category : Wheat Languages : en Pages : 220
Book Description
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants exposed to higher than usual temperatures during ripening show altered agronomic and grain quality characteristics. Given that seasonal variation in quality creates difficulties in the marketing and processing of grain, improving the genetic adaptation of wheat cultivars to heat stress is an important objective in breeding programs. Some genotypes have been reported to have a thermo tolerant response and could be used as genetic sources for heat tolerance. Six spring wheat cultivars and four elite experimental lines were evaluated in Uruguay. Two field experiments were conducted in years 2001 and 2002 to determine response under natural heat stress conditions, and two greenhouse experiments were conducted to vary duration and timing of heat stress. Grain protein concentration increased with moderate (field conditions) and high heat stress (controlled environment). Heat stress imposed early in grain fill had the greater effect. In field conditions, moderate to high heat stress at mid-grain fill increased test weight and thousand kernel weight. Higher heat stress under controlled environment caused a decrease in thousand kernel weight, without any difference in relation to duration or timing of stress. Rheological properties were affected by heat stress in field conditions. While moderate heat stress throughout grain fill caused stronger dough, moderate to high heat stress at mid-grain fill produced weaker dough. These results suggest a curvilinear response to increasing heat stress for both thousand kernel weight and rheological properties. Impact of heat stress under field conditions was inconsistent on protein molecular weight distribution. Moderate to high heat stress at mid-grain fill lowered level of monomeric proteins, and increased the ratio soluble polymeric proteins/monomeric proteins. Moderate heat stress throughout grain fill decreased percentage of soluble polymeric proteins, and increased percentage of low molecular weight albumins and globulins. No effect of heat stress was detected on protein molecular weight distribution in controlled environment. However, with longer duration of stress, significant genotype x treatment interaction was detected. Cultivars with relatively stable agronomic and quality characteristics were identified and could be used as genetic sources for improving resistance to heat stress.
Author: Yunbi Xu Publisher: CABI ISBN: 1845936248 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 756
Book Description
Recent advances in plant genomics and molecular biology have revolutionized our understanding of plant genetics, providing new opportunities for more efficient and controllable plant breeding. Successful techniques require a solid understanding of the underlying molecular biology as well as experience in applied plant breeding. Bridging the gap between developments in biotechnology and its applications in plant improvement, Molecular Plant Breeding provides an integrative overview of issues from basic theories to their applications to crop improvement including molecular marker technology, gene mapping, genetic transformation, quantitative genetics, and breeding methodology.
Author: André Läuchli Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 0306481553 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 551
Book Description
In biology, the very big global and thevery small molecular issues currently appear to be in the limelight ofpublic interest and research funding policies. They are in danger of drifting apart from each other. They apply very coarse and very fine scaling, respectively, but coherence is lost when the various intermediate levels of different scales are neglected. Regarding SALINITY we are clearly dealing with a global problem, which due to progressing salinization of arable land is of vital interest for society. Explanations and basic understanding as well as solutions and remedies may finally lie at the molecular level. It is a general approach in science to look for understanding of any system under study at the next finer (or "lower") level of scaling. This in itself shows that we need a whole ladder of levels with increasingly finer steps from the global impact to the molecular bases of SALINITY relations. It is in this vein that the 22 chapters of this book aim at providing an integrated view of SALINITY.
Author: L.D. Nooden Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0323145957 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 555
Book Description
Senescence and Aging in Plants reviews the state of knowledge in the processes involved in plant senescence and aging. The book begins by discussing the emergence of senescence as a concept; experimental analysis of senescence; and patterns of senescence. It then examines membrane deterioration during senescence; photosynthesis in relation to leaf senescence; senescence of detached plant organs; changing patterns of nucleic acid and protein synthesis during senescence; and degradative and associated assimilatory aspects of nitrogen removal. This is followed by chapters on aspects of ethylene that may impinge upon its role in promoting senescence of higher plants; the role of cytokinins in plant senescence; the promoters and retardants of senescence; and the role of calcium in plant senescence. The concept of whole plant senescence is discussed, which can be subdivided into patterns, correlative controls, cessation of vegetative growth, declining assimilatory processes, assimilate partitioning, and hormonal controls. The final chapters cover the deterioration of cellular membranes during the plant aging process and seed aging.
Author: Harvey J.M. Hou Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319488732 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 424
Book Description
To address the environmental, socioeconomic, and geopolitical issues associated with increasing global human energy consumption, technologies for utilizing renewable carbon-free or carbon-neutral energy sources must be identified and developed. Among renewable sources, solar energy is quite promising as it alone is sufficient to meet global human demands well into the foreseeable future. However, it is diffuse and diurnal. Thus effective strategies must be developed for its capture, conversion and storage. In this context, photosynthesis provides a paradigm for large-scale deployment. Photosynthesis occurs in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria and has evolved over 3 billion years. The process of photosynthesis currently produces more than 100 billion tons of dry biomass annually, which equates to a global energy storage rate of ~100 TW. Recently, detailed structural information on the natural photosynthetic systems has been acquired at the molecular level, providing a foundation for comprehensive functional studies of the photosynthetic process. Likewise, sophisticated spectroscopic techniques have revealed important mechanistic details. Such accomplishments have made it possible for scientists and engineers to construct artificial systems for solar energy transduction that are inspired by their biological counterparts. The book contains articles written by experts and world leaders in their respective fields and summarizes the exciting breakthroughs toward understanding the structures and mechanisms of the photosynthetic apparatus as well as efforts toward developing revolutionary new energy conversion technologies. The topics/chapters will be organized in terms of the natural sequence of events occurring in the process of photosynthesis, while keeping a higher-order organization of structure and mechanism as well as the notion that biology can inspire human technologies. For example, the topic of light harvesting, will be followed by charge separation at reaction centers, followed by charge stabilization, followed by chemical reactions, followed by protection mechanisms, followed by other more specialized topics and finally ending with artificial systems and looking forward. As shown in the table of contents (TOC), the book includes and integrates topics on the structures and mechanisms of photosynthesis, and provides relevant information on applications to bioenergy and solar energy transduction.
Author: Ganegama Lekamge Dhuanuja Neranjalee Abeysingha
Author: Ganegama Lekamge Dhuanuja Neranjalee Abeysingha
Author: Dragan Perovic
Author: Shabir H. Wani
Author: Alistair Pask
Author: Yared Assefa
Author: Marina Castro Derényi
Author: Yunbi Xu
Author: André Läuchli
Author: L.D. Nooden
Author: Harvey J.M. Hou