Effect of Endophyte-infected Tall Fescue Toxins on Growth Performance and the Microbial Community in the Rumen and Feces in Pregnant Ewes PDF Download
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Author: Saleh Abdullah Alrashedi Publisher: ISBN: Category : Sheep Languages : en Pages : 314
Book Description
Fifty pregnant Katahdin ewes grazed pastures with high (HE) and moderate (MI) levels of Neotyphodium coenophialum-infected tall fescue between February 1 and May 24 to determine the impacts of tall fescue toxins on body weight (BW), body condition scores, FAMACHA scores, fecal egg counts (FEC), and serum Cu, Zn, prolactin, and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Within those 50 ewes, 15 were selected randomly for fecal and rumen sampling to assess the impacts of HE and MI on the microbiome community. Total bacterial DNA was extracted from rumen and fecal samples, and alpha and beta diversities were used to relate microbiome data diversity with forage treatments and physical and physiological measurements. Most of the ewe physical and physiological measurements were not affected by endophyte levels. However, body weight changes (d 51 to d 115) and NEFA changes (d 51 to d 115) were greater in MI than HE. The HE group had greater observed ruminal OTUs, Shannon, Chao, and beta diversities at d 115 than MI. Members of Bacteroidetes_Prevotella ruminal bacteria OTUs were correlated with BW changes, prolactin concentrations, NEFA changes, and FEC. Also on d 115, there was an increased abundance from Firmicutes in HE vs. MI (60% vs. 53 %, respectively). The HE group had greater observed fecal OTUs, Shannon, and Chao, on d 51 than MI, but beta diversities did not differ between HE and MI during the study. Members of Actinobacteria_Coriobacteriaceae_unclassified fecal OTUs were correlated with BW changes, prolactin concentrations, NEFA changes, and FEC. At the end of the study, there was decreased abundance from Bacteroidetes in MI and HE (52.9 % and 49.3 %, respectively). Shifting of rumen or fecal bacteria populations that occurred could be a direct effect of the ergot alkaloids or indirect effects of toxins on intake or digestibility that subsequently impacted the bacterial populations. It is also possible that the bacteria that detoxify ergot alkaloids are minor species that have yet to be classified. Further research in the rumen or fecal microbial and their changes in responses to grazing endophyte-infected fescue needs to be considered to identify bacteria responsible for the detoxification.
Author: Saleh Abdullah Alrashedi Publisher: ISBN: Category : Sheep Languages : en Pages : 314
Book Description
Fifty pregnant Katahdin ewes grazed pastures with high (HE) and moderate (MI) levels of Neotyphodium coenophialum-infected tall fescue between February 1 and May 24 to determine the impacts of tall fescue toxins on body weight (BW), body condition scores, FAMACHA scores, fecal egg counts (FEC), and serum Cu, Zn, prolactin, and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Within those 50 ewes, 15 were selected randomly for fecal and rumen sampling to assess the impacts of HE and MI on the microbiome community. Total bacterial DNA was extracted from rumen and fecal samples, and alpha and beta diversities were used to relate microbiome data diversity with forage treatments and physical and physiological measurements. Most of the ewe physical and physiological measurements were not affected by endophyte levels. However, body weight changes (d 51 to d 115) and NEFA changes (d 51 to d 115) were greater in MI than HE. The HE group had greater observed ruminal OTUs, Shannon, Chao, and beta diversities at d 115 than MI. Members of Bacteroidetes_Prevotella ruminal bacteria OTUs were correlated with BW changes, prolactin concentrations, NEFA changes, and FEC. Also on d 115, there was an increased abundance from Firmicutes in HE vs. MI (60% vs. 53 %, respectively). The HE group had greater observed fecal OTUs, Shannon, and Chao, on d 51 than MI, but beta diversities did not differ between HE and MI during the study. Members of Actinobacteria_Coriobacteriaceae_unclassified fecal OTUs were correlated with BW changes, prolactin concentrations, NEFA changes, and FEC. At the end of the study, there was decreased abundance from Bacteroidetes in MI and HE (52.9 % and 49.3 %, respectively). Shifting of rumen or fecal bacteria populations that occurred could be a direct effect of the ergot alkaloids or indirect effects of toxins on intake or digestibility that subsequently impacted the bacterial populations. It is also possible that the bacteria that detoxify ergot alkaloids are minor species that have yet to be classified. Further research in the rumen or fecal microbial and their changes in responses to grazing endophyte-infected fescue needs to be considered to identify bacteria responsible for the detoxification.
Author: Craig A. Roberts Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 0891186379 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 32
Book Description
Fescue toxicosis continues to be one of the most devastating problems in forage–livestock agriculture. Because there is presently no cure, using the most up-to-date management and prevention approaches are crucial. The 2nd edition of this important guide presents an easy-to-understand description of this complex problem, along with recommendations that are practical for real farm use.
Author: Laurie Ann Varney Publisher: ISBN: Category : Livestock Languages : en Pages : 108
Book Description
Tall fescue continues to rise in popularity as a forage crop despite it's association with certain animal maladies. Infection by an asymptomatic fungal endophyte has been linked with the reported incidence of these maladies. The purpose of this study was to quantify and qualify the effects that ingestion of endophyte-infected tall fescue has on lactation, growth and sexual development in CD-1 mice.
Author: Brandon Jermaine McClenton Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 98
Book Description
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding endophyte-infected tall fescue seed to Angus steers on average daily gain, carcass characteristics, ergovaline concentration, lipid oxidation, hepatic enzyme activity, metmyoglobin reductase activity, and mitochondrial lipid composition. Animals were blocked into light, medium, and heavy body weight groups and were randomly assigned to either a KY31 seed treatment (6796 ppb ergovaline; 20 μg/kg BW; E+; n = 6) or a KY32 control ( 100 ppb; E-; n = 6). There was a 2- way treatment × time interaction effect on ADG (P
Author: John Tor-Agbidye Publisher: ISBN: Category : Lolium perenne Languages : en Pages : 246
Book Description
Endophytic fungi (A. coenophialum and A. lolii) which infect grasses produce ergot alkaloids that serve as the grasses' chemical defenses and enhance the vigor of the grass. Turf-type tall fescue with high endophyte levels has been deliberately developed to produce a greener, more vigorous, pest-resistant turf. Consumption of endophyte-infected grass causes various toxicity symptoms in livestock. Cattle in the southeastern and midwestern United States, where tall fescue is grown on 14 million hectares, often develop signs of toxicosis during summer months from grazing plants in fected by A. coenophialum. A more severe form of the disease, fescue foot, has been associated with cold environment and reported in late fall and winter months not only in the southeastern United States but also in the northwest United States. In New Zealand, where perennial ryegrass is grown on 7 million hectares of pasture, sheep often develop a condition called ryegrass staggers from grazing plants infected by A. lolii. New Zealand reports economic losses grazing plants infected by A. lolii. New Zealand reports economic losses associated with the sheep industry of $205 million per year. In the United States, economic losses associated with the beef cattle industry alone is estimated at $600 million per year. Range finding experiments and case studies of fescue foot and perennial ryegrass staggers (PRGS) were conducted on cattle and sheep under grazing and barn conditions. The main objective was to determine threshold levels of the endophyte toxins, ergovaline (EV) (appendix 1) and lolitrem B (appendix 2), associated with the diseases of fescue foot and PRGS respectively. Fescue foot was experimentally induced in cattle under barn studies in the spring with 825 ppb ergovaline. The ergovaline contaminated feed was given for a period of 42 days. Similar barn studies in sheep in spring to early summer did not produce clinical fescue foot with up to 1215 ppb. Field studies of natural fescue foot in a herd of sheep were conducted, (ie 540 ppb) values of ergovaline in the feed, but clinical disease was not produced in late fall through winter. A case study from a herd of sheep revealed 813 ppb dietary ergovaline had produced fescue foot in the months of fall (November). Fields of perennial ryegrass (PRG) where sheep received 2,135 ppb lolitrem B toxin were associated with clinical cases of PRGS in 42 sheep of 237 sheep (18 percent incidence rate) in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. Three months later, sheep on this same field which then had 1,465 ppb lolitrem B, did not have PRGS. These were the first range finding experiments undertaken in this locale to document threshold levels of endophyte toxins associated with fescue foot and PRGS.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding endophyte-infected tall fescue seed to Angus steers during the stocker phase on beef shelf life. Endophyte-infected tall fescue seed had no effect on pH, TBARS, activity of superoxide dismutase and metmyoglobin reductases, and sensory attributes of strip loin steaks or patties ( P >= 0.082). However, E+ patties had 0.5% more DMb ( P = 0.017) and 27% greater redness (a*) on d 5 of display ( P
Author: Saleh Abdullah Alrashedi
Author: Saleh Abdullah Alrashedi
Author: McKayla Ashton Newsome
Author: Craig A. Roberts
Author: Laurie Ann Varney
Author: Brandon Jermaine McClenton
Author: Carrie Layne Sharp
Author: Laurie Ann Varney
Author: John Tor-Agbidye
Author: William F. Durham
Author: