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Author: Ziliang Zheng Publisher: ISBN: Category : Fuel Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Diesel engine has become a popular choice for trucks, trains, boats, and most other heavy-duty applications. The inherent benefits of diesel engine are high thermal efficiency and specific power output, but there is a concern about high levels of engine-out NOx and particulate matter emissions, which is a major contributor in environment pollution. Moreover, concern about the crisis of crude oil reserves, increasing gas price, trade deficit, and homeland security enhances the interests in alternative fuels. Unlike conventional diesel fuel, alternative fuels have wide range of properties, such as volatility, cetane number, density, viscosity and lower heating value, which influence the behavior of fuel and formation of products. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the effect of these fuel properties on autoignition, combustion, performance, and emissions under compression ignition conditions to evaluate the operational capability of diesel engines fueled with alternative fuels. This dissertation covers a detailed investigation of the autoignition, combustion, and emission characteristics of alternative fuels and their surrogates in a constant volume vessel of Ignition Quality Tester (IQT), optically accessible rapid compression machine (RCM), and Partnership for Next Generation of Vehicle (PNGV) single cylinder diesel engine. Experimental data and simulation results indicate that the fuel properties, such as cetane number and volatility, influence the autoignition and combustion processes in diesel engine environment.
Author: Ziliang Zheng Publisher: ISBN: Category : Fuel Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Diesel engine has become a popular choice for trucks, trains, boats, and most other heavy-duty applications. The inherent benefits of diesel engine are high thermal efficiency and specific power output, but there is a concern about high levels of engine-out NOx and particulate matter emissions, which is a major contributor in environment pollution. Moreover, concern about the crisis of crude oil reserves, increasing gas price, trade deficit, and homeland security enhances the interests in alternative fuels. Unlike conventional diesel fuel, alternative fuels have wide range of properties, such as volatility, cetane number, density, viscosity and lower heating value, which influence the behavior of fuel and formation of products. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the effect of these fuel properties on autoignition, combustion, performance, and emissions under compression ignition conditions to evaluate the operational capability of diesel engines fueled with alternative fuels. This dissertation covers a detailed investigation of the autoignition, combustion, and emission characteristics of alternative fuels and their surrogates in a constant volume vessel of Ignition Quality Tester (IQT), optically accessible rapid compression machine (RCM), and Partnership for Next Generation of Vehicle (PNGV) single cylinder diesel engine. Experimental data and simulation results indicate that the fuel properties, such as cetane number and volatility, influence the autoignition and combustion processes in diesel engine environment.
Author: Pierre Duret Publisher: Editions TECHNIP ISBN: 9782710808510 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 252
Book Description
Throughout the world, research and development in the field of vehicle transportation is increasingly focusing on engine and fuel combinations. The conventional and alternative fuels of the future are seen as fundamental to the development of a new generation of internal combustion engines that attain low well-to-wheel CO2 emissions along with near-zero pollutant emissions. These issues were debated during an international conference whose proceedings are presented in this book. This international conference attracted specialists in the field, including participants from universities, research centres and industry.Contents : Future of liquid fuels, Engine and fuel-related issues in HCCI & CAI combustion, Energy conversion in engines from natural gas, Use of hydrogen in IC engines, Which fuels for low CO2 engines?
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 6
Book Description
The research targets the development of detailed kinetic models to quantitatively characterize the impact of alternative fuels on the performance of Navy turbines and diesel engines. Such impacts include kinetic properties such as cetane number, flame speed, and emissions as well as physical properties such as the impact of boiling point distributions on fuel vaporization and mixing. The primary focus will be Fischer-Tropsch liquids made from natural gas, coal or biomass. The models will include both the effects of operation with these alternative fuels as well as blends of these fuels with conventional petroleum-based fuels. The team will develop the requisite kinetic rules for specific reaction types and incorporate these into detailed kinetic mechanisms to predict the combustion performance of neat alternative fuels as well as blends of these fuels with conventional fuels. Reduced kinetic models will be then developed to allow solution of the coupled kinetics/transport problems. This is a collaboration between the Colorado School of Mines (CSM) and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The CSM/LLNL team plans to build on the substantial progress made in recent years in developing accurate detailed chemical mechanisms for the oxidation and pyrolysis of conventional fuels. Particular emphasis will be placed upon reactions of the isoalkanes and the daughter radicals, especially tertiary radicals, formed by abstraction from the isoalkanes. The various components of the program are described. We have been developing the kinetic models for two iso-dodecane molecules, using the same kinetic modeling formalisms that were developed for the gasoline and diesel primary reference fuels. These mechanisms, and the thermochemical and transport coefficient submodels for them, are very close to completion at the time of this report, and we expect them to be available for kinetic simulations early in the coming year. They will provide a basis for prediction and selection of desirable F-T molecules for use in jet engine simulations, where we should be able to predict the ignition, combustion and emissions characteristics of proposed fuel components. These mechanisms include the reactions and chemical species needed to describe high temperature phenomena such as shock tube ignition and flammability behavior, and they will also include low temperature kinetics to describe other ignition phenomena such as compression ignition and knocking. During the past years, our hydrocarbon kinetics modeling group at LLNL has focused a great deal on fuels typical of gasoline and diesel fuel. About 10 years ago, we developed kinetic models for the fuel octane primary reference fuels, n-heptane [1] and iso-octane [2], which have 7 and 8 carbon atoms and are therefore representative of typical gasoline fuels. N-heptane represents the low limit of knock resistance with an octane number of 0, while iso-octane is very knock resistant with an octane number of 100. High knock resistance in iso-octane was attributed largely to the large fraction of primary C-H bonds in the molecule, including 15 of the 18 C-H bonds, and the high bond energy of these primary bonds plays a large role in this knock resistance. In contrast, in the much more ignitable n-heptane, 10 of its 16 C-H bonds are much less strongly bound secondary C-H bonds, leading to its very low octane number. All of these factors, as well as a similarly complex kinetic description of the equally important role of the transition state rings that transfer H atoms within the reacting fuel molecules, were quantified and collected into large kinetic reaction mechanisms that are used by many researchers in the fuel chemistry world.
Author: Fred Schäfer Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 370913806X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 205
Book Description
Over the last several years, there has been much discussion on the interrelation of CO2 emissions with the global warming phenomenon. This in turn has increased pressure to develop and produce more fuel efficient engines and vehicles. This is the central topic of this book. It covers the underlying processes which cause pollutant emissions and the possibilities of reducing them, as well as the fuel consumption of gasoline and diesel engines, including direct injection diesel engines. As well as the engine-related causes of pollution, which is found in the raw exhaust, there is also a description of systems and methods for exhaust post treatment. The significant influence of fuels and lubricants (both conventional and alternative fuels) on emission behavior is also covered. In addition to the conventional gasoline and diesel engines, lean-burn and direct injection gasoline engines and two-stroke gasoline and diesel engines are included. The potential for reducing fuel consumption and pollution is described as well as the related reduction of CO2 emissions. Finally, a detailed summary of the most important laws and regulations pertaining to pollutant emissions and consumption limits is presented. This book is intended for practising engineers involved in research and applied sciences as well as for interested engineering students.
Author: G. Amba Prasad Rao Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1000448991 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 448
Book Description
This new volume covers the important issues related to environmental emissions from SI and CI engines as well as their formation and various pollution mitigation techniques. The book addresses aspects of improvements in engine modification, such as design modifications for enhanced performance, both with conventional fuels as well as with new and alternative fuels. It also explores some new combustion concepts that will help to pave the way for complying with new emission concepts. Alternative fuels are addressed in this volume to help mitigate harmful emissions, and alternative power sources for automobiles are also discussed briefly to cover the switch over from fueled engines to electrics, including battery-powered electric vehicles and fuel cells. The authors explain the different technologies available to date to overcome the limitations of conventional prime movers (fueled by both fossil fuels and alternative fuels). Topics examined include: • Engine modifications needed to limit harmful emissions • The use of engine after-treatment devices to contain emissions • The development of new combustion concepts • Adoption of alternative fuels in existing engines • Switching over to electrics—advantages and limitations • Specifications of highly marketed automobiles • Emission measurement methods
Author: Jinyue Yan Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118388585 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 4038
Book Description
The Handbook of Clean Energy Systems brings together an international team of experts to present a comprehensive overview of the latest research, developments and practical applications throughout all areas of clean energy systems. Consolidating information which is currently scattered across a wide variety of literature sources, the handbook covers a broad range of topics in this interdisciplinary research field including both fossil and renewable energy systems. The development of intelligent energy systems for efficient energy processes and mitigation technologies for the reduction of environmental pollutants is explored in depth, and environmental, social and economic impacts are also addressed. Topics covered include: Volume 1 - Renewable Energy: Biomass resources and biofuel production; Bioenergy Utilization; Solar Energy; Wind Energy; Geothermal Energy; Tidal Energy. Volume 2 - Clean Energy Conversion Technologies: Steam/Vapor Power Generation; Gas Turbines Power Generation; Reciprocating Engines; Fuel Cells; Cogeneration and Polygeneration. Volume 3 - Mitigation Technologies: Carbon Capture; Negative Emissions System; Carbon Transportation; Carbon Storage; Emission Mitigation Technologies; Efficiency Improvements and Waste Management; Waste to Energy. Volume 4 - Intelligent Energy Systems: Future Electricity Markets; Diagnostic and Control of Energy Systems; New Electric Transmission Systems; Smart Grid and Modern Electrical Systems; Energy Efficiency of Municipal Energy Systems; Energy Efficiency of Industrial Energy Systems; Consumer Behaviors; Load Control and Management; Electric Car and Hybrid Car; Energy Efficiency Improvement. Volume 5 - Energy Storage: Thermal Energy Storage; Chemical Storage; Mechanical Storage; Electrochemical Storage; Integrated Storage Systems. Volume 6 - Sustainability of Energy Systems: Sustainability Indicators, Evaluation Criteria, and Reporting; Regulation and Policy; Finance and Investment; Emission Trading; Modeling and Analysis of Energy Systems; Energy vs. Development; Low Carbon Economy; Energy Efficiencies and Emission Reduction. Key features: Comprising over 3,500 pages in 6 volumes, HCES presents a comprehensive overview of the latest research, developments and practical applications throughout all areas of clean energy systems, consolidating a wealth of information which is currently scattered across a wide variety of literature sources. In addition to renewable energy systems, HCES also covers processes for the efficient and clean conversion of traditional fuels such as coal, oil and gas, energy storage systems, mitigation technologies for the reduction of environmental pollutants, and the development of intelligent energy systems. Environmental, social and economic impacts of energy systems are also addressed in depth. Published in full colour throughout. Fully indexed with cross referencing within and between all six volumes. Edited by leading researchers from academia and industry who are internationally renowned and active in their respective fields. Published in print and online. The online version is a single publication (i.e. no updates), available for one-time purchase or through annual subscription.
Author: Sara McAllister Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1441979433 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 315
Book Description
Fundamentals of Combustion Processes is designed as a textbook for an upper-division undergraduate and graduate level combustion course in mechanical engineering. The authors focus on the fundamental theory of combustion and provide a simplified discussion of basic combustion parameters and processes such as thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, ignition, diffusion and pre-mixed flames. The text includes exploration of applications, example exercises, suggested homework problems and videos of laboratory demonstrations
Author: Ziliang Zheng
Author: Ziliang Zheng
Author: Pierre Duret
Author: 
Author: T. K. Garrett
Author: Fred Schäfer
Author: N. A. Henein
Author: G. Amba Prasad Rao
Author: Jinyue Yan
Author: Lucas J. Murphy
Author: Sara McAllister