Education, Income, and the Border PDF Download

Author: Thomas M. Fullerton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 14

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Author: Garrett Murphy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 4

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This brief report summarizes the requirements for undocumented immigrants set forth by the Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act (S.744). Assuming that S.744 will move forward in Congress, the report also examines issues having to do with certain language, civics and government, and education/training provisions as they relate to Adult Education that should be of particular interest to legislators and planners.

Author: Lisa (Leigh) Patel
Publisher: Teachers College Press
ISBN: 0807772038
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 145

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Book Description
Illegal. Undocumented. Remedial. DREAMers. All of these labels have been applied to immigrant youth. Using a combination of engaging narrative and rigorous analysis, this bookexplores how immigrant youth are included in, and excluded from, various sectors of American society, including education. Instead of the land of opportunity, immigrant youth often encounter myriad new borders long after their physical journey to the United States is over. With an intimate storytelling style, the author invites readers to rethink assumptions about immigrant youth and what their often liminal positions reveal about the politics of inclusion in America. Book Features: Engaging case studies that capture the lived experiences of immigrant youth, from secondary school and beyond.A cohesive analysis of how immigration law, education, and health intertwine to shape possible life pathways.Descriptions of educational practices that both support and disempower newcomer immigrant students.Recommendations for interrupting day-to-day practices that privilege some and disadvantage others. Lisa (Leigh) Patel is an associate professor of education at Boston College. She has been a journalist, a teacher, and a state-level policymaker. “Over coffee, tears, and laughter, I spent a delightful morning stunned at the beauty of Leigh Patel’s writing and swept up in the pages of Youth Held at the Border, a piercing analysis of how laws move under the skin and penetrate the soul and a tragicomedic musical of young people improvising lives at the dangerous intersection of U.S. immigration, criminalization, education, and welfare policies.” —From the Foreword by Michelle Fine, Graduate Center, CUNY “Poignant and insightful. . . . After reading this book it will no longer be possible to use code words like ‘undocumented’ and ‘illegal’ to keep these young people silenced and confined to the shadowy world of fugitives.” —Pedro Noguera, Peter L. Agnew Professor of Education, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education and Development, Executive Director,Metropolitan Center for Urban Education, New York University “Lisa Patel is both ethnographer and poet in telling stories of anguish and desperation, but in the end, stories of hope and survival. All teachers, and anyone who cares about the future of our nation, must read this book.” —Sonia Nieto, Professor Emerita, School of Education, University of Massachusetts “Patel brings into compelling focus and with love young people who are all around us yet not wholly seen. This is an essential read for all educators and for youth, many who will recognize themselves and their peers in her narrative.” —Susan E. Wilcox, SEW Consulting, community and university educator, writer

Author: Christopher Ziguras
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317653017
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 218

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Book Description
Governing Cross-Border Higher Education examines the role of governments in relation to three key aspects of international education: student mobility; migration of international students; and transnational provision through collaboration or branch campuses. The research for this book is informed by interviews with key stakeholders in ten countries and extensive engagement with policy makers and international agencies. It analyses the ways in which governments are able to direct or at least influence these cross-border movements in higher education. The book explores key issues that national governments are invariably required to contend with in an increasingly globalised higher education market, as well as the policy options available to them in such a climate. Alongside this, there is analysis into why states adopt particular approaches, with critical assessment of their varying success. Key topics include: the political economy of international higher education; recruiting students; promoting and regulating transnational provision; student migration; governing educational imports; managing the outflow of students; the regulated market. This book will be a valuable and insightful resource for those involved in higher education policy and interested in the globalisation of the higher education market.

Author: Lisa (Leigh) Patel
Publisher: Teachers College Press
ISBN: 0807753890
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 145

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Book Description
Illegal. Undocumented. Remedial. DREAMers. All of these labels have been applied to immigrant youth. Using a combination of engaging narrative and rigorous analysis, this book explores how immigrant youth are included in, and excluded from, various sectors of American society, including education. Instead of the land of opportunity, immigrant youth often encounter myriad new borders long after their physical journey to the United States is over. With an intimate storytelling style, the author invites readers to rethink assumptions about immigrant youth and what their often liminal positions reveal about the politics of inclusion in America. Book Features: Engaging case studies that capture the lived experiences of immigrant youth, from secondary school and beyond, a cohesive analysis of how immigration law, education, and health intertwine to shape possible life pathways, descriptions of educational practices that both support and disempower newcomer immigrant students, recommendations for interrupting day-to-day practices that privilege some, and disadvantage others.

Author: World Bank Group
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464810982
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 482

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Book Description
Every year, the World Bank’s World Development Report (WDR) features a topic of central importance to global development. The 2018 WDR—LEARNING to Realize Education’s Promise—is the first ever devoted entirely to education. And the time is right: education has long been critical to human welfare, but it is even more so in a time of rapid economic and social change. The best way to equip children and youth for the future is to make their learning the center of all efforts to promote education. The 2018 WDR explores four main themes: First, education’s promise: education is a powerful instrument for eradicating poverty and promoting shared prosperity, but fulfilling its potential requires better policies—both within and outside the education system. Second, the need to shine a light on learning: despite gains in access to education, recent learning assessments reveal that many young people around the world, especially those who are poor or marginalized, are leaving school unequipped with even the foundational skills they need for life. At the same time, internationally comparable learning assessments show that skills in many middle-income countries lag far behind what those countries aspire to. And too often these shortcomings are hidden—so as a first step to tackling this learning crisis, it is essential to shine a light on it by assessing student learning better. Third, how to make schools work for all learners: research on areas such as brain science, pedagogical innovations, and school management has identified interventions that promote learning by ensuring that learners are prepared, teachers are both skilled and motivated, and other inputs support the teacher-learner relationship. Fourth, how to make systems work for learning: achieving learning throughout an education system requires more than just scaling up effective interventions. Countries must also overcome technical and political barriers by deploying salient metrics for mobilizing actors and tracking progress, building coalitions for learning, and taking an adaptive approach to reform.

Author: David W. Chapman
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400704461
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 398

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Book Description
This book examines issues that have emerged as higher education systems and individual institutions across East Asia confront and adapt to the changing economic, social, and educational environments in which they now operate. The book’s focus is on how higher education systems learn from each other and on the ways in which they collaborate to address new challenges. The sub-theme that runs through this volume concerns the changing nature of cross-border sharing. In particular, the provision of technical assistance by more industrialized countries to lower and middle income countries has given way to collaborations that place the latter’s participating institutions on a more equal footing.

Author: Ji Hyun Park
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781369202878
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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What are the effects of immigration on education, income and inequality, and marriage market? Migrants consists a large share of the population in the U.S. and they are a small but expanding group in South Korea. Studies have investigated the effect of immigration on various fields such as the labor market, but there are many aspects of life that the effects have not been explored. My dissertation research explores the effect of immigration on choosing a major in college education, matching between workers and managers, and choosing a spouse. First chapter analyzes the effect of country of origin on the college major choice of second generation immigrants. I use the American Community Survey (ACS) 2009-2013 as primary dataset and focus on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) major. I use the immigrants who are born in a foreign country and migrated to the U.S. between age 0 and 16 as proxy for second generation immigrants. Using random effects model and controlling for age of arrival, I estimate the effect of each country of origin on choosing a STEM major and decompose the country-specific. Results show that immigrant children from many countries are significantly more likely to choose a STEM major compared to natives. Decomposition shows that selection into migration is more important than the origin country characteristics, and immigrant children are more likely to choose a STEM major when there was a stronger positive selection for the parent cohort immigrants. Second chapter with Jaerim Choi studies the effect of inflow of immigrants on wages and inequality of natives. Adopting the worker-manager matching model from the trade literature, I set up a model where inflow of immigrants changes the matching between workers and managers. As a consequence, native workers and native managers with heterogeneous skill levels are affected differently through changes in the match ratio and the match quality. This impacts wages and inequality of natives. Using the U.S. Census and American Community Survey, I empirically test the model with inflow of immigrants in the U.S. 1980-2010. Using a shift-share instrumental variable for the stock of immigrants, I find that inflow of low-skilled immigrants affects native workers through the change in match quality. Consistent with the theory, inequality within native workers increases. Third chapter investigates the effect of marriage subsidy on the marriage in South Korea. The marriage subsidy, which was targeted for international marriage between Korean men and foreign women, raises the incentive for international marriage. Using the administrative marriage record for periods 2004-2013 and exploiting the variation in the subsidy across regions and years, I find that the marriage subsidy has significant positive effect on the probability of a single man marrying a foreign woman. The crowd out effect from marrying a native woman is shown in some cases.

Author: Benjamin Feigenberg
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 150

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The first chapter of this dissertation examines the market for private school. Private school market shares are rising steadily in many developing countries, but we have a limited understanding of how private schools set prices, how parents respond, and how this affects enrollment and performance in equilibrium. To shed shed light on demand behavior and supply response, I present a model of school pricing that incorporates an unusual feature of schooling compared to other goods - a potential preference by parents for small classes, and hence low school enrollment - that interacts with schools having market power. I show that, for a relatively broad range of parameter values, these two features can lead to the surprising result that an increase in aggregate household income, and hence an increase in willingness to pay for private schooling, can actually cause equilibrium private school enrollment to decrease. To investigate how private school enrollment responds to rising household income in practice, I exploit aggregate community-level income shocks in Chile, which has had a nationwide school voucher system since 1981. These shocks are caused by different responses to the price of copper in different municipalities. I show that private school prices rise by 0.9% in response to a shock that causes a 1% rise in income while private school enrollment falls by 2.0%. I find that falling private school enrollment is primarily caused by the middle-income students at the top schools. Those middle-income students induced to downgrade by rising prices do not experience the test score gains from the income shock experienced by students in the rest of the income distribution. I structurally estimate an extended version of the model and find that both market power and parental preferences for reduced class size are contributing to the observed declines in enrollment. The second chapter studies the responsiveness of United States-Mexico migration to U.S. border enforcement policy. Spending on border enforcement has risen by 240% in the U. S. in the last decade, and the construction of a fence on the U.S.-Mexico border has become a focal point in the debate over the costs and benefits of increased border security. However, whether and by how much the fence actually reduces migration from Mexico to the U. S. remains an open question. This paper estimates the impact of the fence on migration flows between Mexico and the U.S. and investigates the mechanisms driving observed impacts. To conduct this analysis, I exploit variation in the timing of U.S. government tactical infrastructure investment in fence construction in the period after the passage of the 2006 Secure Fence Act. Using Mexican household survey data and data I collected on border fence construction, I find that construction in a given municipality reduces migration by 39% from that municipality and by 26% from adjacent municipalities. I also find evidence that fence construction reduces migration rates for residents of non-border states with historically low access to smugglers by 38%. Based on these estimates, I calculate that the implied cost of the fence per migrant deterred is $4,800 USD. My findings suggest that fence construction deters migration because the migration costs faced by prospective migrants are sensitive to the particular set of available crossing locations. I derive a simple migration selection model to test this hypothesis and find that a left-censoring of the migration cost distribution, consistent with the disproportionate elimination of low-cost crossing options, best rationalizes evidence on changing migration patterns. The third chapter of this dissertation (coauthored with Erica Field and Rohini Pande) examines the economic returns to social interaction. For this research, microfinance clients were randomly assigned to repayment groups that met either weekly or monthly during their first loan cycle and then graduated to identical meeting frequency for their second loan. Long-run survey data and a follow-up public goods experiment reveal that clients initially assigned to weekly groups interact more often and exhibit a higher willingness to pool risk with group members from their first loan cycle nearly two years after the experiment. They were also three times less likely to default on their second loan. Evidence from an additional treatment arm shows that, holding meeting frequency fixed, the pattern is insensitive to repayment frequency during the first loan cycle. Taken together, these findings constitute the first experimental evidence on the economic returns to social interaction, and provide an alternative explanation for the success of the group lending model in reducing default risk.

Author: Oecd
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789264056732
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 192

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In times of growing economic inequality, improving equity in education becomes more urgent. While some countries and economies that participate in the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) have managed to build education systems where socio-economic status makes less of a difference to students' learning and well-being, every country can do more. Equity in Education: Breaking Down Barriers to Social Mobility shows that high performance and more positive attitudes towards schooling among disadvantaged 15-year-old students are strong predictors of success in higher education and work later on. The report examines how equity in education has evolved over several cycles of the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). It identifies the policies and practices that can help disadvantaged students succeed academically and feel more engaged at school. Using longitudinal data from five countries (Australia, Canada, Denmark, Switzerland, and the United States), the report also describes the links between a student's performance near the end of compulsory education and upward social mobility - i.e. attaining a higher level of education or working in a higher-status job than one's parents.