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Author: Janet Tai Landa Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3642540198 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 371
Book Description
This book provides an original analysis of the economic success of Overseas Chinese merchants in Southeast Asia: The ethnically homogeneous group of Chinese middlemen is an informal, low-cost organization for the provision of club goods, e.g. contract enforcement, that are essential to merchants’ success. The author’s theory - and various extensions, with emphasis on kinship and other trust relationships - draws on economics and the other social sciences, and beyond to evolutionary biology. Empirical material from her fieldwork forms the basis for developing her unique, integrative and transdisciplinary theoretical framework, with important policy implications for understanding ethnic conflict in multiethnic societies where minority groups dominate merchant roles.
Author: Janet Tai Landa Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3642540198 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 371
Book Description
This book provides an original analysis of the economic success of Overseas Chinese merchants in Southeast Asia: The ethnically homogeneous group of Chinese middlemen is an informal, low-cost organization for the provision of club goods, e.g. contract enforcement, that are essential to merchants’ success. The author’s theory - and various extensions, with emphasis on kinship and other trust relationships - draws on economics and the other social sciences, and beyond to evolutionary biology. Empirical material from her fieldwork forms the basis for developing her unique, integrative and transdisciplinary theoretical framework, with important policy implications for understanding ethnic conflict in multiethnic societies where minority groups dominate merchant roles.
Author: Chi-cheung Choi Publisher: BRILL ISBN: 9004408606 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 367
Book Description
Chinese and Indian Merchants in Modern Asia studies overseas Chinese and Indian merchants and their impacts on the emerging global economy from the nineteenth to twentieth centuries, focusing on their networking and interactions with the empires and the states.
Author: Rupert Hodder Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 376
Book Description
The final chapter draws upon the arguments developed earlier in the book to consider the significance of the links between China and the Overseas Chinese both for China and for the Far East as a whole.
Author: Janet Landa Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Overseas Chinese dominate merchant roles in the economies of Southeast Asia. Chinese merchant success has generated envy and hatred by indigenous populations, resulting in episodes of racial violence toward the Chinese. In order to understand the economic basis of inter-ethnic conflict and violence, it is necessary to understand the economic basis of success of Chinese merchants in Southeast Asia. The paper presents an economic theory of Chinese middleman success. Central to the theory is the idea that Confucian code of ethics which emphasizes the importance of mutual aid/reciprocity among kinsmen, fellow-villagers and those speaking the same dialect, enabled the Chinese to cooperate among members of their own dialect group to form a club-like ethnically homogeneous middleman group (EHMG) for the provision of infrastructure, essential for middleman entrepreneurship. Chinese merchants embedded in the EHMG were able to economize on transaction costs, and this gives them a differential advantage to out-compete other ethnic groups to appropriate merchant roles. The EHMG functions also as a cultural transmission unit transmitting Confucian ethics to future generations of Chinese middlemen, hence maintaining Chinese merchant roles over time. The paper draws on some key concepts in the New Institutional Economics literature as well as modern evolutionary biology. Key words: ethnically homogeneous middleman group, Confucian code of ethics, culture, cultural group selection theory, cultural transmission unit, group competition, identity, infrastructure, institution, moral systems, public good externalities, transaction costs, trust, within-group cooperation.
Author: Rajeswary Ampalavanar Brown Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 0429770170 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 262
Book Description
This volume, first published in 1995, looks at the development of Chinese business and management practices across Asia from the late nineteenth century. Experts examine how familism and informal networks have contributed to Chinese entrepreneurial success. They demonstrate how effective these factors have been in overcoming restrictive state policies: through alliances with ethnic and international traders and connections between financial networks in Hong Kong, South East Asia, China and Australia. An institutional model of analysis is developed to determine the efficacy of Chinese business practices and structures. The relationship between culture and environment is examined as well as how modern institutions are embedded not only in culture but also in history and economics.
Author: M. R. Fernando Publisher: Institute of Southeast Asian ISBN: 9813016213 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 291
Book Description
The exceptional commercial success of many Southeast Asians of Chinese origin has generated much contemporary debate about the cultural or social basis of that success. This book shows that those questions have long roots in Indonesia. Dutch colonial officials in the nineteenth century expressed alarm over the rural economy. In the twentieth century more detached assessments sought to describe and explain Chinese business methods and the crucial networks they established through the Archipelago. An indispensable volume which appeared under the name of J.L Vleming used the resources of the Duth colonial taxation service to explain the nature of Chinese commercial and credit systems. This volume contains a selection of the most important writing in Dutch (by prominent lawyer Phao Liong Gie as well as by Dutch officials) that has been translated for the first time. These extracts cover the period from 1850 to 1936, though half the volume is taken from the 1926 book edited by Vleming. Basic demographic data and the revenues drawn from Chinese-held farms are presented in a statistical supplement.
Author: Murray L. Weidenbaum Publisher: Simon and Schuster ISBN: 068482289X Category : China Languages : en Pages : 280
Book Description
Following in the tradition of generations of expatriate Chinese merchants, they began establishing small family businesses. Today, the authors show, these have expanded into conglomerate business empires. Entrusting corporate divisions almost exclusively to relatives, and dealing extensively with fellow expatriates, these entrepreneurs have formed close-knit and formidable business spheres throughout Southeast Asia - a "bamboo network."
Author: Madeleine Zelin Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1317317882 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 247
Book Description
This book is the first to use local primary sources to explore the interaction between foreign and native merchants in Asian countries. Contributors discuss the different economic, political and cultural conditions that gave rise to a variety of merchant communities in Korea, China, Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines, Singapore and India.
Author: Annabelle R. Gambe Publisher: LIT Verlag Münster ISBN: 9783825843861 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 196
Book Description
The study aims at finding an explanation to the economic development of Southeast Asia. To achieve this end, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and the Philippines have been chosen as the foci of the study. To explain the region's recent success, the study is guided by the hypothesis that overseas Chinese entrepreneurship, exercised by a group belonging to a discriminated ethnic minority, is an indispensable component of the capitalist development of Southeast Asia. Overseas Chinese businesses dominate nearly all branches of the economy of their respective countries of residence. On a regional scale, they are acknowledged to control two-thirds of the region's retail trade. The hypothesis of the study is validated by the empirical findings. Furthermore, the study has arrived at the conclusion that Southeast Asia is host to a type of entrepreneurship - Overseas Chinese entrepreneurship - that evolved and developed throughout the centuries and proven for its resiliency and risk-taking abilities. It did not create the boom in the region, however. Liberal government policies, the inflow of huge foreign capital, and the availability of cheap and skilled labor among the indigenous population are among the more crucial factors that facilitated this transformation.
Author: Janet Tai Landa
Author: Janet Tai Landa
Author: Chi-cheung Choi
Author: Rupert Hodder
Author: Janet Landa
Author: Gungwu Wang
Author: Rajeswary Ampalavanar Brown
Author: M. R. Fernando
Author: Murray L. Weidenbaum
Author: Madeleine Zelin
Author: Annabelle R. Gambe