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Author: Rod Tyers Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst ISBN: 0896291022 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 96
Book Description
The prereform economicies. The transition in the postsocialist economies. Analyiss of food policy reforms. Implications for other development countries.
Author: Rod Tyers Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst ISBN: 0896291022 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 96
Book Description
The prereform economicies. The transition in the postsocialist economies. Analyiss of food policy reforms. Implications for other development countries.
Author: Jan Adam Publisher: Springer ISBN: 1349197092 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 279
Book Description
The author discusses the traditional system of management of the economy as it existed in the early 1950s in the USSR and goes on to deal with the reforms of the 1960s and of the 1980s, country by country. He shows that the focus of the reforms is on finding a proper combination of planning and the market mechanism, and their success will be judged by their ability to solve acute economic problems.
Author: Robert Deutsch Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1000301486 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 154
Book Description
The first study in the Western world to compare the relationship between food and politics in the countries of Eastern Europe, this book views the current food revolution as part of the modernization process. Robert Deutsch argues that the communist leaders in the Comecon countries increasingly link political stability and preservation of power to the problem of satisfying consumer demand. He also assesses the various social forces that have brought about the food revolution. The most important is the expanded working class, which is no longer willing to defer consumer demands to a hypothetical communist future. The CMEA countries thus face the dilemma of either gradually liberalizing their economies in order to meet growing consumer demands or resorting to repression. Neither of these options promises a long-term solution for implementing economic policies prescribed by Marxist-Leninist doctrine. Robert Deutsch presents case studies of Hungary, Bulgaria, and the German Democratic Republic as examples of the "relative success" of economic reforms. To a greater or lesser extent, these countries have opted for economic decentralization by liberalizing private ownership and pricing policy and by integrating planning with market-oriented concepts. The author compares this with the economic problems of the Soviet Union, Poland, Romania, and Czechoslovakia. The study is enhanced by an exhaustive bibliography, arranged topically and drawn from the specialized literature in several languages.
Author: Michael P. Claudon Publisher: ISBN: 9780814714768 Category : Agriculture and state Languages : en Pages : 141
Book Description
Discontent and economic disintegration in this troubled Soviet winter of 1991-92 are everywhere. Shelves in state food stores offer little choice or are empty. Republics ban the export of scarce goods to fellow republics. Price increases threaten to overwhelm the average Soviet family which is already spending 80 percent of its income and many hours in line each week for food. Boris Yeltsin, the first popularly elected president of Russia, hears demands from former supporters that his government resign, because his radical economic reforms are a failure. What is to be done? Putting food on the Soviet table is an essential first step. But correcting 60 years of misguided agricultural and economic policies will not be done in a winter or a year or two. Reforming the agricultural system will take decades. Breaking up inefficient state and collective farms into smaller individual farms or cooperatives, improving roads, storage facilities, and processing plants, and creating free markets that will give producers incentives to respond to consumer needs at reasonable prices will take decades. The task is enormous. But the resources of the former Soviet Union, as the following papers by Soviet and Western agricultural experts indicate, are great. The country produced more wheat, dairy products, vegetables, and small grains than the United States did in 1990. The country does have the potential to feed itself, but not by producing more. The country's current "food crisis" results not from poor harvests, though they are a factor, but from an inability to get food efficiently from the field to the table. Anywhere from 20 to 50 percent of Soviet food crops is lost in this process. If agrarian reform is to succeed, however, it must also be coupled with comprehensive economic reform: the acceptance of private property, free market pricing, and the elimination of central bureaucracies. In the short run, contributors agree, the West will need to provide humanitarian food aid to meet emergency needs and to support emerging and fragile democratic governments. But the West can best aid the former Soviet Union by providing long-term technical assistance and people-to-people programs that help the Soviets develop a market economy and the skills to run small, independent farms. What is clear from these papers is that there is no quick fix for the agricultural problems of the former Soviet Union. But what is also clear is the country does have the potential to put food on the table and feed its people well.
Author: Johan F. M. Swinnen Publisher: OUP Oxford ISBN: 0191537225 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 234
Book Description
The emergence of China as a global economic powerhouse, the uncertain path of Russia towards a market economy, and the integration of ten Central and Eastern European countries into the European Union (EU) have occupied the minds and agendas of many policy-makers, business leaders and scholars from around the world at the end of the twentieth and the beginning of the twenty-first century. Twenty years ago these developments were unimaginable. The impact of these changes is so vast that the importance of understanding the forces that unleashed this process, how these changes became possible, and what the lessons are for other developing countries, cannot be overestimated. This book is the first effort to analyze the economics and politics of agricultural reforms by comparing the reform processes, their causes and their effects across this vast region. The authors draw on a vast set of studies and new data, which compare reforms and economic impacts in more than 25 countries, to come up with a series of conclusions and implications on the role of economic reforms in growth, and the importance of initial conditions and political constraints in explaining the choices that were made and their effects. The book analyzes some of the most successful sets of agricultural policies in history that have lifted people out of poverty, raising productivity and incomes by staggering amounts. At the same time the book explains the reasons behind dramatic failures in policy processes and reforms that caused hunger, poverty and which had devastating effects on economic growth and development for millions of other people.
Author: Michael Bradshaw Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1317905024 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 287
Book Description
A comprehensive introduction to the important economic, social and political processes and development issues in this increasingly popular area of study. Employing a groundbreaking thematic approach the book centres its discussion on the interrelation between contemporary development theories and continuing transition issues in this huge and complex region.
Author: John K. Walton Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1444399810 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 420
Book Description
This book describes and explains the extraordinary wave of popular protest that swept across the so-called Third World and the countries of the former socialist bloc during the period from the late 1970s to the early 1990s, in response to the mounting debt crisis and the austerity measures widely adopted as part of economic "reform" and "adjustment". Explores this general proposition in a cross-national study of the austerity protests, or the 'IMF Riots' that have affected so many debtor nations since the mid-1970s Argues that modern austerity protests, like the classical "bread riots" in eighteenth-century Europe are political acts aimed at injustice, but acts that are an integral part of the process of international economic and political restructuring Evaluates how modern food riots are most important for what they reveal about global economic transformation and its social, and political, consequences Provides a general framework (drawing on comparative and historical material) and then trace the cycle of uneven development, debt, neo-liberal reform, and protest in Latin America, Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe Focusses on the role of women in structural adjustment and protest politics and the features of seemingly anomalous cases which qualify the general argument
Author: Bernard Chavance Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1000306429 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 180
Book Description
In the confrontation between the two main economic systems that has marked the twentieth century, capitalism has been declared the winner–by default– over its adversary, socialism. Today, establishing a market economy has become the primary goal of the formerly socialist countries. The history of economic reform helps explain this remarkable turning point. Attempts to improve the old centralized system by expanding enterprise autonomy (in Poland, the Soviet Union, and East Germany) and more radical reforms that limited the role of central planning (in Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and China) encountered social and political obstacles or had unexpected and undesired effects. During the 1980s, the idea of a socialist market economy, which had been seen as a "third way" between capitalism and centralized socialism, was abandoned as economists gradually came to support a free market rather than the dogma of planning. Through a comparative and historical analysis of change in socialist and post-socialist systems, this timely and original book clarifies the policies and pitfalls in this extraordinary transition. Bernard Chavance provides a succinct introduction and analysis of the politics and economics of Eastern Europe from the creation of the Stalinist system in the Soviet Union through what he argues have been three major waves of reform since the 1950s to the dismantling of most socialist governments in the 1990s. Exploring the link between the one-party regime and the growing rigidity of socialist economic systems, the author analyzes the failure of both incremental and radical reforms to adapt to new economic challenges, thus leading to the ultimate collapse of communist regimes in Europe.
Author: Rod Tyers
Author: Rod Tyers
Author: Rodney Tyers
Author: Jan Adam
Author: Robert Deutsch
Author: Michael P. Claudon
Author: Johan F. M. Swinnen
Author: Michael Bradshaw
Author: John K. Walton
Author: John Joseph Butler
Author: Bernard Chavance