Economic Impact of the Improvements on Fusarium Head Blight Management in Winter Wheat in Relation to Modernization of Agronomic Practices PDF Download
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Author: Ruoxi Xia Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is an important disease of wheat that causes significant economic losses. Since a major FHB epidemic in Ontario in 1996, FHB management strategies, namely genetic resistance and fungicides have improved significantly. The value of these improvements along with the modernization of agronomic practices was uncertain. Field experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 to estimate the impacts of these improvements to FHB suppression and wheat performance. The combination of moderately resistant cultivars and fungicides reduced total deoxynivalenol by 67%, Fusarium-damaged kernels by 49%, FHB index by 86%, and increased test weight by 11% and yield by 21-32%. If adopted in 1996, these modern practices would have increased farm revenue by 58% and profit by $206.55 ha-1. Up to 54% of the loss in 1996 would have been mitigated, suggesting significant improvements were made, leaving about the same amount of room for improvement.
Author: Ruoxi Xia Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is an important disease of wheat that causes significant economic losses. Since a major FHB epidemic in Ontario in 1996, FHB management strategies, namely genetic resistance and fungicides have improved significantly. The value of these improvements along with the modernization of agronomic practices was uncertain. Field experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 to estimate the impacts of these improvements to FHB suppression and wheat performance. The combination of moderately resistant cultivars and fungicides reduced total deoxynivalenol by 67%, Fusarium-damaged kernels by 49%, FHB index by 86%, and increased test weight by 11% and yield by 21-32%. If adopted in 1996, these modern practices would have increased farm revenue by 58% and profit by $206.55 ha-1. Up to 54% of the loss in 1996 would have been mitigated, suggesting significant improvements were made, leaving about the same amount of room for improvement.
Author: Jorge David Salgado Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 215
Book Description
Abstract: Fusarium head blight (FHB) or head scab, caused predominantly by Fusarium graminearum in North America, is a disease of economic importance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Ohio and other parts of the world. FHB reduces grain yield (YLD) and test weight (TW; weight per unit volume), and causes Fusarium damaged kernel (FDK) and deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxin contamination of grain. Data were collected from several field experiments conducted in Ohio to i) model FHB/YLD and FHB/TW relationships as influenced by cultivar and the severity of Stagonospora nodorum leaf blotch (SLB, another disease of economic importance in Ohio); ii) develop integrated management programs to minimize losses caused by FHB, and iii) conduct economic analyses of FHB management programs. Depending on the objective of the study, plots of FHB susceptible and moderately resistant cultivars were planted and inoculated with different spore concentrations of F. graminearum and S. nodorum to generate a range of FHB and SLB intensities and corresponding YLD and TW values, treated with a fungicide, and harvested with different combine harvester settings. Linear mixed model variance and covariance analyses and random-effects meta-analyses were used to quantify FHB index (IND)/YLD and IND/TW relationships, and to determine the effects of cultivar, fungicide, and grain harvesting strategy (modification to combine settings to remove small and lightweight kernel) on IND, FDK, DON, YLD, and TW. The final models for both relationships were of the form y=a+b(IND). YLD and TW decreased as IND increased, with the rates of reduction ranging from -54 to -46 kg ha-1 %-1 for YLD and -3.2 to -2.3 kg m-3 %-1 for TW. Neither cultivar nor SLB affected the IND/YLD relationship, but SLB affected the height of the IND/TW regression lines, and cultivar affected the rate of TW reduction per unit increase in IND. The level of IND at which a 1 MT ha-1 yield loss was predicted to occur ranged from 19 to 22%, whereas a 100 kg m-3 reduction in TW was predicted to occur between 31 and 44% IND. Several FHB management programs were developed. The greatest percent reduction in FDK (25 to 62%) and DON (33 to 52%) and increase in YLD (18 to 26%), relative to the reference program (without any management intervention), was observed for programs that included moderate resistance and fungicide treatment. The greatest percent increase in TW (8 to 10%) relative to the reference was observed when modified combine setting was integrated with resistance and/or fungicide. Overall, the most effective management programs all included fungicide treatment, two included moderate resistance, and two modified combine setting. Relative to the reference, these programs resulted in 30 to 51% reduction in total estimated price discount, $127 to 312 ha-1 increase in gross cash income, and economic benefits ranging from $31 to 272 ha-1, depending on the level of IND (5 to 15%), grain price ($118 to 276 MT-1), and fungicide application cost ($40 to 96 ha-1). Results from these studies will be used in more general models to evaluate the economics of FHB/DON management strategies.
Author: Zesong Ye Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum is a fungal disease of wheat that can result in severe yield losses and contaminate grain with deoxynivalenol (DON). Wheat cultivars with different levels of FHB resistance were combined with fungicides application to control FHB. Results showed that foliar fungicide ProsaroTM combined with moderately resistant cultivars greatly reduced the risk of FHB. Integrating fungicide application with moderately resistant cultivars can be an effective strategy in controlling FHB. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to FHB related traits were analyzed using a double haploid population. Four QTL associated with FHB resistance was detected on chromosomes 2B, 2D, 4D and 7A. The QTL on chromosome 2B and 4D were found to reduce multiple FHB-related traits and were more frequently detected than QTL on chromosome 2D and 7A. QTL on chromosome 2B and 4D could be valuable for improving FHB resistance in wheat.
Author: Kurt J. Leonard Publisher: American Phytopathological Society ISBN: Category : Barley Languages : en Pages : 544
Book Description
The book provides a comprehensive record of current knowledge on the nature of Fusarium head blight, the damage it causes, and current research on how to control it. The book begins with a historical account of Fusarium head blight epidemics that gives context to recent attempts to control epidemics in wheat and barley. A review of pathogen taxonomy and population biology helps scientists to see relationships among head blight pathogens and other Fusarium species. The information on epidemiology included in this review also provides an understanding of the weather conditions and cultural practices that promote explosive epidemics. New information on infection processes will lead the reader to a better understanding of how to breed for resistance in wheat and barley.
Author: Yaoguang Li Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Wheat Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of wheat worldwide, which can significantly reduce grain yield and quality. Although the application of fungicides can reduce FHB damage, growing FHB resistant wheat is the most effective and eco-friendly approach to reduce the losses. To develop locally adapted FHB-resistant hard winter wheat germplasm, we transferred three major QTLs: Fhb1, Qfhs.ifa-5A, and Qfhb.rwg-5A.2 into two hard winter wheat cultivars, 'Everest' and 'Overland', using marker-assisted backcrossing and multiplex restriction amplicon sequencing (MRASeq). Ten 'Overland' background lines and nine 'Everest' background lines with better FHB resistance, recurrent parent similar agronomic traits were selected. They can be used as FHB resistant bridge parents for hard winter wheat breeding. To identify native FHB resistant sources, a population of 201 U.S. breeding lines and cultivars were genotyped using 90K wheat SNP arrays and phenotyped for the percentage of symptomatic spikelets (PSS), Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK) and deoxynivalenol (DON), a toxin produced by the pathogen. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified significant trait associations with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosomes 1A, 1D, 2B, 3A, 3B, 4A, 5B and 5D. These marker-trait associations (MTAs) were significant for at least two of the three traits or a single trait in at least two experiments. To accelerate the evaluation of the FDK, we developed an algorithm that can separate FDK from healthy kernels with an accuracy of 90% based on color differences using image processing and unsupervised machine learning methods. Discovery and creation of the new FHB resistant germplasms and development of the fast FDK phenotyping algorithm will accelerate the improvement of U.S. hard winter wheat cultivars for FHB resistance.
Author: Ruoxi Xia
Author: Ruoxi Xia
Author: D. Demcey Johnson
Author: Daniela Sarti Dvorjak
Author: William E. Nganje
Author: Jorge David Salgado
Author: 
Author: Zesong Ye
Author: Kurt J. Leonard
Author: Elizabeth Reed
Author: Yaoguang Li