Regional Markets and Agrarian Transformation in Bolivia PDF Download

Author: Robert Howard Jackson
Publisher: UNM Press
ISBN: 9780826315335
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 304

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Book Description
Examines the end of the colonial era in Bolivia.

Author: Brooke Larson
Publisher: Duke University Press
ISBN: 9780822320883
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 456

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Book Description
A historical and theoretical analysis of the formation of colonial society in the Cochabamba Valleys of Bolivia. A new final chapter reexamines the findings of the original study and situates this regional history in the political/historiographical persp

Author: Erick Detlef Langer
Publisher: Stanford University Press
ISBN: 9780804714914
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 298

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Book Description
In the late nineteenth century, the disintegration of the silver-mining economy that had survived since the colonial period effected fundamental economic and social changes in southern Bolivia. The changes took three forms: increased conflict between peasants and elites, expanded concentration of land into large estates, and worsened labor conditions among the peasants. This study concentrates on the four provinces in the department of Chuquisaca, using them as case studies of how and why rural peoples adapted to and resisted the changes in their lives. Resistance took many forms: strikes, rebellions, insurrections, court challenges, banditry, and flight. In the reactions to change in these provinces, the author sees certain common characteristics that transcend the region and can be discerned in other parts of Latin America. On the basis of the Chuquisaca experience, he also questions the validity of current theories of peasant resistance and rebellion. The author describes the reactions of the oligarchy based in Sucre, the capital, to the decline of silver as Bolivia's major export, showing how they attempted to regain their preeminent financial and political position by a number of strategies, notably the expansion of the hacienda system. This expansion gave rise to different problems in each of the four provinces: in Yamparaez, fierce resistance by the Indian communities to any changes; in Cinti, violent labor disputes brought on by the creation of enormous agro-industrial estates; in Azero, Indian attempts to escape debt peonage by migrating or by joining Franciscan missions; and in Tomina, widespread banditry. The final chapter compares and contrasts the various forms of rural resistance in the context of their social, economic, and cultural foundations.

Author: Kenneth Pomeranz
Publisher: Univ of California Press
ISBN: 0520913191
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 411

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This wholly original reassessment of critical issues in modern Chinese history traces social, economic, and ecological change in inland North China during the late Qing dynasty and the Republic. Using many new sources, Kenneth Pomeranz argues that the development of certain regions entailed the systematic underdevelopment of other regions. He maps changes in local finance, farming, transportation, taxation, and popular protest, and analyzes the consequences for different classes, sub-regions, and genders. Pomeranz attributes these diverse developments to several causes: the growing but incomplete integration of North China into the world economy, the state's abandonment of many hinterland areas and traditional functions, and the effect of local social structures on these processes. He shows that hinterlands were made, not merely found, and were powerfully shaped by the strategies of local groups as well as outside forces.

Author: Karen Spalding
Publisher: Stanford University Press
ISBN: 9780804715164
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 384

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This is the first attempt at synthesis of the varied data—ethnographic, historical, archaeological, and archival—on the impact of the Spanish conquest and Spanish rule on Indian society in Peru. Although the Huarochirí region is a source of most of the case histories and illustrative material, this is not a narrow regional study but a major work illuminating one of the two centers, along with Mexico, of settled Indian civilization and Spanish occupation in America. The author delineates the basic relationships upon which local Andean society was based, notably the kinship relations that, under the Incas, made possible the production of great surpluses and their efficient distribution in a region where markets were totally unknown. She then traces the impact of the Spanish colonial system upon Andean society, examining how the Indians responded to or resisted the political structures imposed upon them, and how they dealt with, were exploited by, or benefited from the Europeans who occupied their land and made it their own. This is the story of a social relationship—a relationship of inequality and oppression—that endured for centuries of Spanish rule, and inevitably led to the collapse of Andean society.

Author: Keith A. Davies
Publisher: University of Texas Press
ISBN: 0292766238
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 248

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In 1540 a small number of Spaniards founded the city of Arequipa in southwestern Peru. These colonists, later immigrants, and their descendants devoted considerable energy to exploiting the surrounding area. At first, like many other Spaniards in the Americas, they relied primarily on Indian producers; by the late 1500s they had acquired land and established small farms and estates. This, the first study to examine the agrarian history of a region in South America from the mid-sixteenth through late-seventeenth century, demonstrates that colonials exploited the countryside as capitalists. They ran their rural enterprises as efficiently as possible, expanded their sources of credit and labor, tapped widespread markets, and lobbied strenuously to influence the royal government. The reasons for such behavior have seldom been explored beyond the colonists’ evident need to sustain themselves and their dependents. Arequipa’s case suggests another fundamental cause of capitalist behavior in colonial South America: rural wealth was inextricably tied to the colonists’ desire to reinforce and improve their stature. Arequipa’s Spanish families of the upper and middle social levels consistently employed land and its proceeds to attract prominent spouses, to acquire prestigious political and military posts, and to enhance their standing by becoming benefactors of the Church. They rarely lost sight of the crucial role that wealth played in their lives. Thus, when the region’s economy flourished, as it did during the late 1500s, they expanded and improved their holdings. When it faltered at the beginning of the next century, they made every effort to retain properties, even fragmenting land to accommodate family members and new spouses. Unlike patterns sometimes suggested for Spanish America, many Arequipan colonial families possessed land and retained it over many generations. Neither the increasingly rich Church nor a few powerful persons managed to build up extensive estates. Landowners in Colonial Peru explains how and why rural property became so important. It emphasizes both the capitalist bent of Hispanics and the manner in which wealth served social aspirations. The approach makes clear that many of the economic and social characteristics so often attributed to eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Latin Americans were present from the early Colonial period.

Author: Leslie Bethell
Publisher: CUP Archive
ISBN: 9780521349246
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 484

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Book Description
The complete Cambridge History of Latin America presents a large-scale, authoritative survey of Latin America's unique historical experience from the first contacts between the native American Indians and Europeans to the present day. Colonial Spanish America is a selection of chapters from volumes I and II brought together to provide a continuous history of the Spanish Empire in America from the late fifteenth to the early nineteenth centuries. The first three chapters deal with conquest and settlement and relations between Spain and its American Empire; the final six with urban development, mining, rural economy and society, including the formation of the hacienda, the internal economy, and the impact of Spanish rule on Indian societies. Bibliographical essays are included for all chapters. The book will be a valuable text for both students and teachers of Latin American history.

Author: Erick Detlef Langer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Land tenure
Languages : en
Pages : 686

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Author: Peter Bakewell
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351917358
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 380

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Book Description
This volume focuses on Latin America, since it was mainly there that Europeans (or their colonial descendants) actually engaged in mining in the 16th-19th centuries; elsewhere they traded metals mined by others. The principal metals produced, and in prodigious quantities, were silver, in the Spanish colonies, and gold, mainly in Brazil in the 18th century. These articles analyse the volume and pattern of production and the forms of labour found in mining. Particular attention is given to the technologies of extraction and refining, notably the adoption of the mercury amalgamation process: this had a major impact, driving down silver production costs; because the mercury mines were a royal monopoly, it also handed control to the Spanish crown.

Author: Robert Howard Jackson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 382

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