Ecological Role of Dry-habitat Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes Schweinfurthii) at Issa, Ugalla, Tanzania PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Ecological Role of Dry-habitat Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes Schweinfurthii) at Issa, Ugalla, Tanzania PDF full book. Access full book title Ecological Role of Dry-habitat Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes Schweinfurthii) at Issa, Ugalla, Tanzania by Samantha M. Russak. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Samantha M. Russak Publisher: ISBN: Category : Chimpanzees Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Identifying the ecological role, or niche, that a species occupies within their larger community elucidates environmental adaptability and evolutionary success. This dissertation investigates the occupied niche of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) living in an open, dry savanna-woodland environment by examining patterns of resource use and interspecific interactions. Data were collected October 2010--November 2011 at Issa, in the Ugalla region of western Tanzania, which is one of the driest, most open, and seasonal habitats inhabited by chimpanzees. Unlike most primatological studies which employ methods that include focal follows, this study focused instead on observing 'resource patches' for chimpanzees. Patch focals allow for the observation of all animals within a study area; capture resources that are not used by the study species; and are particularly well suited for unhabituated communities. In order to better understand relationships between environment and behavior, data collected at Issa are compared with published data from other chimpanzee populations. Issa chimpanzees were expected to have broader resource use than forest chimpanzees, as well as increased competition with other fauna, due to fewer available resources. However, in contrast to the assumption of food scarcity in dry habitats, dietary resources were available throughout the year. Like other populations, the diet of Issa chimpanzees consisted of mostly fruit, but unlike at other sites, the majority of plants consumed were woodland species. Additionally, although chimpanzees and other fauna shared spatial and dietary resources, there was only nominal overlap. These results point to extremely low levels of indirect competition between chimpanzees and other fauna. Despite extensive study of forest chimpanzees, little is known about their role within their faunal community in open, dry habitats, nor about how greater seasonality affects resource use. This project addresses both of these important issues and fosters novel approaches in anthropological studies, especially in reference to chimpanzee ecology and evolution. Understanding current chimpanzee behavioral relationships with their environments shapes hypotheses about their pasts, and also informs predictions about behaviors of similar taxa in paleo-environments. Lastly, examining the ecological role of chimpanzees within their larger communities will influence the formation of, as well as evaluate, conservation strategies.
Author: Samantha M. Russak Publisher: ISBN: Category : Chimpanzees Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Identifying the ecological role, or niche, that a species occupies within their larger community elucidates environmental adaptability and evolutionary success. This dissertation investigates the occupied niche of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) living in an open, dry savanna-woodland environment by examining patterns of resource use and interspecific interactions. Data were collected October 2010--November 2011 at Issa, in the Ugalla region of western Tanzania, which is one of the driest, most open, and seasonal habitats inhabited by chimpanzees. Unlike most primatological studies which employ methods that include focal follows, this study focused instead on observing 'resource patches' for chimpanzees. Patch focals allow for the observation of all animals within a study area; capture resources that are not used by the study species; and are particularly well suited for unhabituated communities. In order to better understand relationships between environment and behavior, data collected at Issa are compared with published data from other chimpanzee populations. Issa chimpanzees were expected to have broader resource use than forest chimpanzees, as well as increased competition with other fauna, due to fewer available resources. However, in contrast to the assumption of food scarcity in dry habitats, dietary resources were available throughout the year. Like other populations, the diet of Issa chimpanzees consisted of mostly fruit, but unlike at other sites, the majority of plants consumed were woodland species. Additionally, although chimpanzees and other fauna shared spatial and dietary resources, there was only nominal overlap. These results point to extremely low levels of indirect competition between chimpanzees and other fauna. Despite extensive study of forest chimpanzees, little is known about their role within their faunal community in open, dry habitats, nor about how greater seasonality affects resource use. This project addresses both of these important issues and fosters novel approaches in anthropological studies, especially in reference to chimpanzee ecology and evolution. Understanding current chimpanzee behavioral relationships with their environments shapes hypotheses about their pasts, and also informs predictions about behaviors of similar taxa in paleo-environments. Lastly, examining the ecological role of chimpanzees within their larger communities will influence the formation of, as well as evaluate, conservation strategies.
Author: Deborah L. Moore Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 304
Book Description
Socioecological models derive from the field of behavioral ecology, wherein social strategies are seen as adaptive responses to evolutionary and environmental forces. Chimpanzee social structure is largely explained by their dietary preference, however, little is known of chimpanzee adaptations to savanna-woodland environments. This dissertation tests the explanatory power of socioecological models on a chimpanzee population occupying the savanna-woodlands of Ugalla, Tanzania. By conducting a genetic survey across 624 km 2 , the following predictions are tested: (1) chimpanzees will occur at lower population densities than at forested sites, reflective of more diffusely distributed resources; (2) lower population densities, resulting in theoretically indefensible larger home ranges, will decrease benefits gained from male philopatry, resulting in a more continuous distribution of Y-chromosome haplotypes than is characteristic of populations studied in forested environments; and (3) genetic diversity will be lower, compared to other eastern chimpanzee populations, due to potential isolation. The population density of Ugalla is 0.25 (CI 0.16-0.38) individuals/km 2 , which is ten times less than the lowest forested site density. The Ugalla males appear to remain in their natal community, as geographic clusters of rare Y-chromosome haplotypes were found, suggesting the maintenance of male-philopatric communities. Relative genetic diversity of the Y-chromosome was exceptionally low among the males, and autosomal diversity was comparable to other eastern chimpanzee populations. These results indicate that although chimpanzees in Ugalla occur at much lower densities in response to a savanna-woodland habitat, male philopatry is maintained, suggesting this social structure is a highly conservative adaptation, and one which may have been shared with our earliest ancestors as they shifted to a similar environment.
Author: Toshisada Nishida Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1139505386 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 357
Book Description
Chimpanzees are humanity's closest living relations and are of enduring interest to a range of sciences, from anthropology to zoology. In the West, many know of the pioneering work of Jane Goodall, whose studies of these apes at Gombe in Tanzania are justly famous. Less well-known, but equally important, are the studies carried out by Toshisada Nishida on the eastern shore of Lake Tanganyika. Comparison between the two sites yields both notable similarities and startling contrasts. Nishida has written a comprehensive synthesis of his work on the behaviour and ecology of the chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains. With topics ranging from individual development to population-specific behavioural patterns, it reveals the complexity of social life, from male struggles for dominant status to female travails in raising offspring. Richly illustrated, the author blends anecdotes with powerful data to explore the fascinating world of the chimpanzees of the lakeshore.
Author: Michio Nakamura Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1107052319 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 797
Book Description
A major contribution to great-ape research, covering every aspect of the Mahale Mountain Chimpanzee Project to offer new, unique insights.
Author: Rebecca Kormos Publisher: World Conservation Union ISBN: Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 238
Book Description
Wild chimpanzees are only found in tropical Africa, where their populations have declined by more than 66% in the last 30 years. This Action Plan focuses on one of the four chimpanzee subspecies, the western chimpanzee, which is one of the two subspecies most threatened with extinction. This publication presents a plan for action that represents a consensus among all parties concerned with the conservation of chimpanzees.
Author: Ricardo Díaz-Delgado Publisher: MDPI ISBN: 3039219804 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 176
Book Description
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have already become an affordable and cost-efficient tool to quickly map a targeted area for many emerging applications in the arena of ecological monitoring and biodiversity conservation. Managers, owners, companies, and scientists are using professional drones equipped with high-resolution visible, multispectral, or thermal cameras to assess the state of ecosystems, the effect of disturbances, or the dynamics and changes within biological communities inter alia. We are now at a tipping point on the use of drones for these type of applications over natural areas. UAV missions are increasing but most of them are testing applicability. It is time now to move to frequent revisiting missions, aiding in the retrieval of important biophysical parameters in ecosystems or mapping species distributions. This Special Issue shows UAV applications contributing to a better understanding of biodiversity and ecosystem status, threats, changes, and trends. It documents the enhancement of knowledge in ecological integrity parameters mapping, long-term ecological monitoring based on drones, mapping of alien species spread and distribution, upscaling ecological variables from drone to satellite images: methods and approaches, rapid risk and disturbance assessment using drones, mapping albedo with UAVs, wildlife tracking, bird colony and chimpanzee nest mapping, habitat mapping and monitoring, and a review on drones for conservation in protected areas.
Author: Christophe Boesch Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 9780521006132 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 300
Book Description
Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus), otherwise known as pygmy chimpanzees, are the only two species of the genus Pan. As they are our nearest relatives, there has been much research devoted to investigating the similarities and differences between them. This book offers an extensive review of the most recent observations to come from field studies on the diversity of Pan social behaviour, with contributions from many of the world's leading experts in this field. A wide range of social behaviours is discussed including tool use, hunting, reproductive strategies and conflict management as well as demographic variables and ecological constraints. In addition to interspecies behavioural diversity, this text describes exciting new research into variations between different populations of the same species. Researchers and students working in the fields of primatology, anthropology and zoology will find this a fascinating read.
Author: Bryan Shorrocks Publisher: ISBN: 0198702701 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 341
Book Description
Savannah habitats comprise an ecologically important, but ultimately fragile, ecosystem. They constitute one of the largest biomes on Earth, covering almost 20% of the land surface, and can be simply described as tropical and subtropical grasslands with scattered bushes and trees. Most savannahs occur in Africa, although smaller areas can be found in South America, India, and Australia. They form a rich mosaic of diverse ecosystems, and this book offers a concise but comprehensive introduction to their ecology, biodiversity, and conservation. The Biology of African Savannahs describes the major plants (grasses, and trees such as Acacia) and animals (mainly large mammals) that live in this habitat, and examines the biological and ecological factors that influence their population size, interactions (such as predation), and community composition. Conservation issues such as climate change, hunting, and conflict between wildlife and domestic animals are also discussed. This new edition has been updated throughout with the latest research in the field, and contains new technique boxes which introduce readers to some of the analytical methods used to study African savannahs. This accessible text is suitable for both senior undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in savannah and tropical ecology as part of a wider ecology and/or conservation biology degree programme. It will also be of relevance and use to the many professional ecologists and conservation practitioners requiring a concise but authoritative overview of the topic.
Author: Serge A. Wich Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0198787618 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 126
Book Description
This book aims to further build capacity in the conservation community to use drones for conservation and inspire others to adapt emerging technologies for conservation.
Author: Samantha M. Russak
Author: Samantha M. Russak
Author: Deborah L. Moore
Author: 
Author: Toshisada Nishida
Author: Michio Nakamura
Author: Rebecca Kormos
Author: Ricardo Díaz-Delgado
Author: Christophe Boesch
Author: Bryan Shorrocks
Author: Serge A. Wich