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Author: Luke Philip Ogweno Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Part 1: Research in the last decade on Earthquake Early Warning Systems (EEWSs) has undergone rapid development in terms of theoretical and methodological advances in real time data analysis, improved telemetry, and computer technology and is becoming a useful tool for practical real time seismic hazard mitigation. The main focus of this study is to undertake a feasibility study of an EEWS for the New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ) from the standpoint of source location. Magnitude determination is addressed in a separate paper. The NMSZ covers a wide area with several heavily populated cities, vital infrastructures, and facilities located within a radius of less than 70 km from the epicenters of the 1811-1812 earthquakes. One of the challenges associated with the NMSZ is that while low to moderate levels of seismic activity are common, larger earthquakes are rare (i.e. there are no instrumentally recorded data for earthquakes with magnitudes greater than M5.5 in the NMSZ). We also recognize that it may not be realistic to provide early warning for all possible sources as is done on the west coast U.S. and we therefore focus on a specific source zone. We examine the stations within the NMSZ in order to answer the question What changes should be applied to the NMSZ network to make it suitable for earthquake early warning (EEW). We also explore needed changes to the Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) Earthquake Monitoring System Real Time (AQMS RT) data acquisition system to make it useful for EEW. Our results show that EEW is feasible, though several technical challenges remain in incorporating its use with the present network.Part 2: Increasing vulnerability of metropolitan areas within stable continental regions (SCR), such as Memphis, TN and St. Louis, MO near the New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ), to earthquakes and the very low probability level at which short term earthquake forecasting is possible make an earthquake early warning system (EEWS) a viable alternative for effective real-time risk reduction in these cities. In this study, we explore practical approaches to earthquake early warning (EEWS), and test the adaptability and potential of the real-time monitoring system in the NMSZ. We determine empirical relations based on amplitude and frequency magnitude proxies from the initial four seconds of the P-waveform records available from the Cooperative New Madrid Seismic Network (CNMSN) database for magnitude ????>2.1. The amplitude-based proxies include low pass filtered peak displacement (Pd), peak velocity (Pv), and integral of the velocity squared (IV2), whereas the frequency-based proxies include predominant period (????????), characteristic period (????????), and log average period (????????????????). Very few studies have considered areas with lower magnitude events. With an active EEW system in the NMSZ, damage resulting from the catastrophic event, as witnessed in 1811-1812, may be mitigated in real-time.
Author: Luke Philip Ogweno Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Part 1: Research in the last decade on Earthquake Early Warning Systems (EEWSs) has undergone rapid development in terms of theoretical and methodological advances in real time data analysis, improved telemetry, and computer technology and is becoming a useful tool for practical real time seismic hazard mitigation. The main focus of this study is to undertake a feasibility study of an EEWS for the New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ) from the standpoint of source location. Magnitude determination is addressed in a separate paper. The NMSZ covers a wide area with several heavily populated cities, vital infrastructures, and facilities located within a radius of less than 70 km from the epicenters of the 1811-1812 earthquakes. One of the challenges associated with the NMSZ is that while low to moderate levels of seismic activity are common, larger earthquakes are rare (i.e. there are no instrumentally recorded data for earthquakes with magnitudes greater than M5.5 in the NMSZ). We also recognize that it may not be realistic to provide early warning for all possible sources as is done on the west coast U.S. and we therefore focus on a specific source zone. We examine the stations within the NMSZ in order to answer the question What changes should be applied to the NMSZ network to make it suitable for earthquake early warning (EEW). We also explore needed changes to the Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) Earthquake Monitoring System Real Time (AQMS RT) data acquisition system to make it useful for EEW. Our results show that EEW is feasible, though several technical challenges remain in incorporating its use with the present network.Part 2: Increasing vulnerability of metropolitan areas within stable continental regions (SCR), such as Memphis, TN and St. Louis, MO near the New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ), to earthquakes and the very low probability level at which short term earthquake forecasting is possible make an earthquake early warning system (EEWS) a viable alternative for effective real-time risk reduction in these cities. In this study, we explore practical approaches to earthquake early warning (EEWS), and test the adaptability and potential of the real-time monitoring system in the NMSZ. We determine empirical relations based on amplitude and frequency magnitude proxies from the initial four seconds of the P-waveform records available from the Cooperative New Madrid Seismic Network (CNMSN) database for magnitude ????>2.1. The amplitude-based proxies include low pass filtered peak displacement (Pd), peak velocity (Pv), and integral of the velocity squared (IV2), whereas the frequency-based proxies include predominant period (????????), characteristic period (????????), and log average period (????????????????). Very few studies have considered areas with lower magnitude events. With an active EEW system in the NMSZ, damage resulting from the catastrophic event, as witnessed in 1811-1812, may be mitigated in real-time.
Author: Paolo Gasparini Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3540722416 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 363
Book Description
The book provides information on the major EEW systems in operation and on the state-of-the-art of the different blocks forming an EW system: the rapid detection and estimation of the earthquake’s focal parameters, the signal transmission, the engineering interface and the information reliability/false alarm problem. It is the first time that so many aspects of EEW systems have been specifically focused upon within a single book.
Author: Elisa Buforn Publisher: Birkhäuser ISBN: 9783034809412 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The present topical volume presents a collection of contributions from a workshop that took place in Madrid in February 2014. Earthquake Early Warning System (EEWS) are a rather recent development in seismology that allows issue warnings to a site with a short lead-time about the impending arrival of the largest strong ground motion from an earthquake, after the first wave arrivals have been detected nearer to the source by adequate sensors. The Ibero-Mahgrebian region, containing Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia, is subject to the occurrence of large earthquakes that may be followed by large tsunamis, as was the case of the Lisbon earthquake of 1755.
Author: U. S. Military Publisher: ISBN: 9781983095863 Category : Languages : en Pages : 116
Book Description
The United States is extremely vulnerable to catastrophic earthquakes. More than 143 million Americans may be threatened by damaging earthquakes in the next 50 years. This study argues that the United States is unprepared for the most catastrophic earthquakes the country faces today. Earthquake early warning systems are a major solution in practice to reduce economic risk, to protect property and the environment, and to save lives. Other countries have already built earthquake early warning systems, but only after they suffered devastating earthquakes. In the United States, ShakeAlert is the available solution, but it only operates on a test basis in California and still lacks sufficient capability and sustained funding to become operational. This study applies an input-output model of political systems theory to analyze how the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program, which controls the development of ShakeAlert, functions in the United States. Using this model provides a framework for a discourse of the analysis to determine how the consequences of catastrophic earthquakes shape our decisions and policies for ShakeAlert.This study also examines what changes are required within our political system for ShakeAlert to launch as quickly as possible on a national scale and to allow for its sustained integration within the American preparedness culture. Perhaps most importantly, the implementation of ShakeAlert will help prepare the people, businesses, infrastructure, economies, and communities, hopefully before the next significant earthquake impacts the United States. Will the United States have to experience a devastating earthquake before implementing a solution that is recognized to save lives?I. INTRODUCTION * A. PROBLEM STATEMENT * B. RESEARCH QUESTIONS * C. RESEARCH SIGNIFICANCE * D. METHODOLOGY * II. LITERATURE REVIEW * A. WHAT IS AN EARTHQUAKE EARLY WARNING SYSTEM? * B. EFFECTIVENESS OF EARTHQUAKE EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS * C. INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDY: JAPAN EARTHQUAKE EARLY WARNING * D. THE NEED IN THE UNITED STATES * E. POLITICAL SYSTEMS THEORY: EASTON'S INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL * F. LITERATURE REVIEW CONCLUSION * III. U.S. STRATEGY TOWARD CATASTROPHIC EARTHQUAKES * A. CATASTROPHIC EARTHQUAKE ENVIRONMENTS * 1. Cascadia Subduction Zone--Northwest * 2. New Madrid Fault Zone--Midwest * 3. San Andreas Fault--California * 4. Wasatch Fault Zone--Utah * B. NATIONAL EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS REDUCTION PROGRAM * C. SHAKEALERT: EARTHQUAKE EARLY WARNING IN THE UNITED STATES * D. STRATEGY IN THE UNITED STATES CONCLUSION * IV. SYSTEMS ANALYSIS: NATIONAL EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS REDUCTION * A. DYNAMIC RESPONSE MODEL OF A POLITICAL SYSTEM * B. INPUTS: DEMANDS AND SUPPORT * C. NHERP POLITICAL SYSTEM: THE AUTHORITIES * 1. National Institute of Science and Technology * 2. Federal Emergency Management Agency * 3. United States Geological Survey * 4. National Science Foundation * D. OUTPUTS: DECISIONS AND POLICIES * E. INTRASOCIETAL ENVIRONMENT: ENTERPRISE FEEDBACK * F. EXTRASOCIETAL ENVIRONMENT: CONSUMER FEEDBACK * G. SYSTEMS ANALYSIS CONCLUSION * V. CONCLUSION * A. AUTHORITATIVE ALLOCATION OF EARTHQUAKE VALUES FOR SOCIETY * B. A SYSTEMS APPROACH TO EARTHQUAKE RESILIENCE * C. FUTURE RESEARCH CONSIDERATIONS
Author: Ülkü Ulusoy Publisher: ISBN: Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 246
Book Description
The major theme of this book is scientific evaluation of different categories of unusual phenomena i.e. precursors prior to large earthquakes and the explanation of their occurrence using electromagnetic models. In addition focus has been targeted to consider various scientific methods in the arena of interdisciplinary fields mainly on the short term forecasting of the large earthquakes, which is making a remarkable progress in recent years. The book presents an integrated approach to the concept of earthquake prediction as a whole, based on studies of precursors related to the living things, underground, land and atmosphere. The book will play an important role in the understanding and developing new and effective systems for earthquake prediction, based on multidisciplinary approach, which will ultimately help in reducing the earthquake related loss of lives and property.
Author: Luke Philip Ogweno
Author: Luke Philip Ogweno
Author: Paolo Gasparini
Author: Elisa Buforn
Author: Simona Colombelli
Author: Geological Survey (U.S.)
Author: U. S. Military
Author: Robert Morrison Hamilton
Author: United States. Department of Housing and Urban Development
Author: Ülkü Ulusoy
Author: