E-field Tunable RF Integrated Multiferroic Inductors and Transformers for RFIC Applications PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download E-field Tunable RF Integrated Multiferroic Inductors and Transformers for RFIC Applications PDF full book. Access full book title E-field Tunable RF Integrated Multiferroic Inductors and Transformers for RFIC Applications by Yuan Gao. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Yuan Gao Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electric inductors Languages : en Pages : 116
Book Description
As one of the three fundamental components for electronic circuits, inductors have been extensively used in a variety of applications such as power delivery, voltage regulation, microwave and RF (radio-frequency) integrated circuits. A lot of research was implemented to achieve high inductance density, low resistance and high quality factor. Compact inductors with high quality factor in radio frequency (RF) applications are of great interest nowadays. Most of the integrated inductors in RF integrated circuits (RFICs) consist of a spiral geometry without magnetic material and show inductances ranging between 1 and 10nH with low quality factors of 10. These spiral inductors typically have a low inductance areal density, which leads to large inductor area and strong electromagnetic interference that limit the RFIC performance. Increased inductance density and/or quality factor can be achieved using a magnetic material as the inductor core. However, the large loss tangent of these thick metallic magnetic thin films at MHz or GHz frequencies severely limited any quality factor enhancement to 100 MHz or less. It has been challenging to achieve simultaneous enhanced inductance and quality factor at RFs, particularly for GHz frequencies. On the other hand, the still growing demand to integrate more applications in mobile communication terminals comes along with the need to cover an increasingly larger frequency band, as these services are subjected to different standards. Electronic tunability becomes a main research issue since this will allow reducing the number of components in the terminal. Voltage tunable capacitors have been widely used in many different circuit applications. However, voltage tunable inductors have not been readily available, which severely limits their applications and the achievable tunable RF frequency range of LC tank circuits. The goals of this dissertation are designing and fabricating magnetic inductors with characteristic high quality factor and high tunability potential by E-field on Si substrate. The research work includes three parts which are summarized below. Firstly, integrated RF inductors with high quality factor have been designed, fabricated, measured and analyzed. In this part, the details of magnetic material selection will be discussed and multilayer FeGaB/Al2O3 films have been finally employed because of the demonstrated eddy-current loss reduction, lower out of plane anisotropy and higher permeability in comparison with a single FeGaB layer with the same thickness. Two model analysis about solenoid inductors that are useful for parameter determination have been presented followed by design matrix with over 20 different sets of dimensions. The fabricated inductors exhibit excellent high-frequency performance with a wide operation frequency range of DC-2.5GHz, in which the inductance of the integrated magnetic inductors show 100% enhancement compared with that of the same size air core inductor, as well as a high quality factor of over 20, showing great promise for RFIC applications. Secondly, based on the fabricated high Q inductors, a new type of tunable RF multiferroic inductors have been made on 0.5mm thick ferroelectric (011) cut lead magnetsium niobate - lead titanate (PMN-PT) slab. Under an applied voltage on the PMN-PT heterostructure, the inductance and quality factor can be both tuned through a strain mediated magnetoelectric coupling due to the change of E-field. By using this phenomena and removing back side Si of our devices to enhance magnetoelectric coupling between PMNPT and magnetic layer we have been able to show more than 100% tunability in frequency of GHz. DRIE inducing giant E-field tenability of magnetism and narrow linewidth in multiferroic laminates will also be discussed in detail. Last but not least, with the same magnetic material and fabrication process, we present a micromachined implementation of embedded magnetic solenoid transformers with high quality factor (Q) and low insertion loss. Transformers with excellent performance have been demonstrated, including a high quality factor of 14, flat inductance across a wide frequency range of 0.5–5 GHz, as well as high mutual coupling and low insertion loss, which make them great potential candidates for RFIC applications.
Author: Yuan Gao Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electric inductors Languages : en Pages : 116
Book Description
As one of the three fundamental components for electronic circuits, inductors have been extensively used in a variety of applications such as power delivery, voltage regulation, microwave and RF (radio-frequency) integrated circuits. A lot of research was implemented to achieve high inductance density, low resistance and high quality factor. Compact inductors with high quality factor in radio frequency (RF) applications are of great interest nowadays. Most of the integrated inductors in RF integrated circuits (RFICs) consist of a spiral geometry without magnetic material and show inductances ranging between 1 and 10nH with low quality factors of 10. These spiral inductors typically have a low inductance areal density, which leads to large inductor area and strong electromagnetic interference that limit the RFIC performance. Increased inductance density and/or quality factor can be achieved using a magnetic material as the inductor core. However, the large loss tangent of these thick metallic magnetic thin films at MHz or GHz frequencies severely limited any quality factor enhancement to 100 MHz or less. It has been challenging to achieve simultaneous enhanced inductance and quality factor at RFs, particularly for GHz frequencies. On the other hand, the still growing demand to integrate more applications in mobile communication terminals comes along with the need to cover an increasingly larger frequency band, as these services are subjected to different standards. Electronic tunability becomes a main research issue since this will allow reducing the number of components in the terminal. Voltage tunable capacitors have been widely used in many different circuit applications. However, voltage tunable inductors have not been readily available, which severely limits their applications and the achievable tunable RF frequency range of LC tank circuits. The goals of this dissertation are designing and fabricating magnetic inductors with characteristic high quality factor and high tunability potential by E-field on Si substrate. The research work includes three parts which are summarized below. Firstly, integrated RF inductors with high quality factor have been designed, fabricated, measured and analyzed. In this part, the details of magnetic material selection will be discussed and multilayer FeGaB/Al2O3 films have been finally employed because of the demonstrated eddy-current loss reduction, lower out of plane anisotropy and higher permeability in comparison with a single FeGaB layer with the same thickness. Two model analysis about solenoid inductors that are useful for parameter determination have been presented followed by design matrix with over 20 different sets of dimensions. The fabricated inductors exhibit excellent high-frequency performance with a wide operation frequency range of DC-2.5GHz, in which the inductance of the integrated magnetic inductors show 100% enhancement compared with that of the same size air core inductor, as well as a high quality factor of over 20, showing great promise for RFIC applications. Secondly, based on the fabricated high Q inductors, a new type of tunable RF multiferroic inductors have been made on 0.5mm thick ferroelectric (011) cut lead magnetsium niobate - lead titanate (PMN-PT) slab. Under an applied voltage on the PMN-PT heterostructure, the inductance and quality factor can be both tuned through a strain mediated magnetoelectric coupling due to the change of E-field. By using this phenomena and removing back side Si of our devices to enhance magnetoelectric coupling between PMNPT and magnetic layer we have been able to show more than 100% tunability in frequency of GHz. DRIE inducing giant E-field tenability of magnetism and narrow linewidth in multiferroic laminates will also be discussed in detail. Last but not least, with the same magnetic material and fabrication process, we present a micromachined implementation of embedded magnetic solenoid transformers with high quality factor (Q) and low insertion loss. Transformers with excellent performance have been demonstrated, including a high quality factor of 14, flat inductance across a wide frequency range of 0.5–5 GHz, as well as high mutual coupling and low insertion loss, which make them great potential candidates for RFIC applications.
Author: Ali M. Niknejad Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 0306470381 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 193
Book Description
The modern wireless communication industry has put great demands on circuit designers for smaller, cheaper transceivers in the gigahertz frequency range. One tool which has assisted designers in satisfying these requirements is the use of on-chip inductiveelements (inductors and transformers) in silicon (Si) radio-frequency (RF) integrated circuits (ICs). These elements allow greatly improved levels of performance in Si monolithic low-noise amplifiers, power amplifiers, up-conversion and down-conversion mixers and local oscillators. Inductors can be used to improve the intermodulation distortion performance and noise figure of small-signal amplifiers and mixers. In addition, the gain of amplifier stages can be enhanced and the realization of low-cost on-chip local oscillators with good phase noise characteristics is made feasible. In order to reap these benefits, it is essential that the IC designer be able to predict and optimize the characteristics of on-chip inductiveelements. Accurate knowledge of inductance values, quality factor (Q) and the influence of ad- cent elements (on-chip proximity effects) and substrate losses is essential. In this book the analysis, modeling and application of on-chip inductive elements is considered. Using analyses based on Maxwells equations, an accurate and efficient technique is developed to model these elements over a wide frequency range. Energy loss to the conductive substrate is modeled through several mechanisms, including electrically induced displacement and conductive c- rents and by magnetically induced eddy currents. These techniques have been compiled in a user-friendly software tool ASITIC (Analysis and Simulation of Inductors and Transformers for Integrated Circuits).
Author: Egidio Ragonese Publisher: Auerbach Publications ISBN: 9781420088441 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
With the ability to improve performance, reduce fabrication costs, and increase integration levels of both RX and TX sections of the RF/mm-wave front-end, passive inductive components have experienced extraordinary growth in ICs. Therefore, a fundamental understanding of monolithic inductors and transformers has become essential for all process engineers and circuit designers. Supplying balanced coverage of the technology and applications, Integrated Inductors and Transformers: Characterization, Design and Modeling for RF and mm-Wave Applications provides a complete overview of the design, fabrication, and modeling of monolithic inductors and transformers. It considers the underlying physics and theoretical background of inductive components fabricated on a semiconductor substrate. Deals with both inductors and transformers and their application in RF/mm-wave ICs Focuses on silicon-based inductive components and their performance optimization in RF/mm-wave ICs Provides insight into lumped scalable modeling of both inductors and transformers Covers concepts of system calibration, test pattern parasitics, and de-embedding for on-wafer measurements of passive devices Illustrates practical applications of theoretical concepts by means of meaningful circuit design examples Highlighting the pressing requirements of the wireless market and evolving communication standards, the text provides a comprehensive review of recently developed modeling techniques and applications. It also includes helpful rule-of-thumb design guidelines and commonly employed optimization strategies to help kick-start your design, fabrication, and modeling efforts.
Author: Yikun Yu Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400706626 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 123
Book Description
Integrated 60GHz RF Beamforming in CMOS describes new concepts and design techniques that can be used for 60GHz phased array systems. First, general trends and challenges in low-cost high data-rate 60GHz wireless system are studied, and the phased array technique is introduced to improve the system performance. Second, the system requirements of phase shifters are analyzed, and different phased array architectures are compared. Third, the design and implementation of 60GHz passive and active phase shifters in a CMOS technology are presented. Fourth, the integration of 60GHz phase shifters with other key building blocks such as low noise amplifiers and power amplifiers are described in detail. Finally, this book describes the integration of a 60GHz CMOS amplifier and an antenna in a printed circuit-board (PCB) package.
Author: Siegfried Janz Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9781402041655 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 304
Book Description
The contributions to this book constitute an excellent record of many key issues and scientific problems in planar lightwave circuit research. There are detailed overviews of experimental and theoretical work in high index contrast waveguide systems, micro-optical resonators, nonlinear optics, and advanced optical simulation methods, as well as articles describing emerging applications of integrated optics for medical and biological applications.
Author: Zeev Valy Vardeny Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1439806578 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 354
Book Description
Major development efforts in organic materials research has grown for an array of applications. Organic spintronics, in particular, has flourished in the area of organic magneto-transport. Reflecting the main avenues of advancement in this arena, this volume explores spin injection and manipulation in organic spin valves, the magnetic field effect in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), the spin transport effect in relation to spin manipulation, organic magnets as spin injection electrodes in organic spintronics devices, the coherent control of spins in organic devices using the technique of electronically detected magnetic resonance, and the possibility of using organic spin valves as sensors.
Author: Harmeet Bhugra Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319286889 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 423
Book Description
This book introduces piezoelectric microelectromechanical (pMEMS) resonators to a broad audience by reviewing design techniques including use of finite element modeling, testing and qualification of resonators, and fabrication and large scale manufacturing techniques to help inspire future research and entrepreneurial activities in pMEMS. The authors discuss the most exciting developments in the area of materials and devices for the making of piezoelectric MEMS resonators, and offer direct examples of the technical challenges that need to be overcome in order to commercialize these types of devices. Some of the topics covered include: Widely-used piezoelectric materials, as well as materials in which there is emerging interest Principle of operation and design approaches for the making of flexural, contour-mode, thickness-mode, and shear-mode piezoelectric resonators, and examples of practical implementation of these devices Large scale manufacturing approaches, with a focus on the practical aspects associated with testing and qualification Examples of commercialization paths for piezoelectric MEMS resonators in the timing and the filter markets ...and more! The authors present industry and academic perspectives, making this book ideal for engineers, graduate students, and researchers.
Author: Mirza I. Bichurin Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 0429949618 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 280
Book Description
This book is dedicated to modeling and application of magnetoelectric (ME) effects in layered and bulk composites based on magnetostrictive and piezoelectric materials. Currently, numerous theoretical and experimental studies on ME composites are available but few on the development and research of instruments based on them. So far, only investigation of ME magnetic field sensors has been cited in the existing literature. However, these studies have finally resulted in the creation of low-frequency ME magnetic field sensors with parameters substantially exceeding the characteristics of Hall sensors. The book presents the authors’ many years of experience gained in ME composites and through creation of device models based on their studies. It describes low-frequency ME devices, such as current and position sensors and energy harvesters, and microwave ME devices, such as antennas, attenuators, filters, gyrators, and phase shifters.