Dynamically Downscaled Climate Simulations Over North America PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Dynamically Downscaled Climate Simulations Over North America PDF full book. Access full book title Dynamically Downscaled Climate Simulations Over North America by U.S. Department of the Interior. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: U.S. Department of the Interior Publisher: CreateSpace ISBN: 9781497353619 Category : Reference Languages : en Pages : 70
Book Description
We have completed an array of high-resolution simulations of present and future climate over Western North America (WNA) and Eastern North America (ENA) by dynamically downscaling global climate simulations using a regional climate model, RegCM3. The simulations are intended to provide long time series of internally consistent surface and atmospheric variables for use in climate-related research. In addition to providing high-resolution weather and climate data for the past, present, and future, we have developed an integrated data flow and methodology for processing, summarizing, viewing, and delivering the climate datasets to a wide range of potential users. Our simulations were run over 50- and 15-kilometer model grids in an attempt to capture more of the climatic detail associated with processes such as topographic forcing than can be captured by general circulation models (GCMs). The simulations were run using output from four GCMs.
Author: U.S. Department of the Interior Publisher: CreateSpace ISBN: 9781497353619 Category : Reference Languages : en Pages : 70
Book Description
We have completed an array of high-resolution simulations of present and future climate over Western North America (WNA) and Eastern North America (ENA) by dynamically downscaling global climate simulations using a regional climate model, RegCM3. The simulations are intended to provide long time series of internally consistent surface and atmospheric variables for use in climate-related research. In addition to providing high-resolution weather and climate data for the past, present, and future, we have developed an integrated data flow and methodology for processing, summarizing, viewing, and delivering the climate datasets to a wide range of potential users. Our simulations were run over 50- and 15-kilometer model grids in an attempt to capture more of the climatic detail associated with processes such as topographic forcing than can be captured by general circulation models (GCMs). The simulations were run using output from four GCMs.
Author: Carole LeBlanc Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing ISBN: 1527506959 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 306
Book Description
This book is a distillation of the First Annual International Technical Workshop on Climate Risk held in 2016 in Wells, Maine, USA. It is organized into four major themes, namely: the Montreal Protocol; industry and infrastructure concerns; sustainability and strategic planning; and climate science and informing business risk. The volume’s premise is that, long before the 2015 Paris Agreement, many professionals from diverse fields were working to solve the problems of human-caused climate change. The 1987 Montreal Protocol is now in support of a key emission reduction goal of the Agreement. It was time for the seasoned leaders who implement the Protocol, the world’s most successful treaty for atmospheric protection, to share their knowledge and wisdom with the next generation before that expertise was lost. The purpose of bringing these communities of practice together is to leverage the many successes to date to inspire future innovations through ‘lessons learned’; ensure that new or updated regulations are timely communicated and economically executed; and identify opportunities for related sustainable development.
Author: Rao Kotamarthi Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1108587062 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 213
Book Description
Downscaling is a widely used technique for translating information from large-scale climate models to the spatial and temporal scales needed to assess local and regional climate impacts, vulnerability, risk and resilience. This book is a comprehensive guide to the downscaling techniques used for climate data. A general introduction of the science of climate modeling is followed by a discussion of techniques, models and methodologies used for producing downscaled projections, and the advantages, disadvantages and uncertainties of each. The book provides detailed information on dynamic and statistical downscaling techniques in non-technical language, as well as recommendations for selecting suitable downscaled datasets for different applications. The use of downscaled climate data in national and international assessments is also discussed using global examples. This is a practical guide for graduate students and researchers working on climate impacts and adaptation, as well as for policy makers and practitioners interested in climate risk and resilience.
Author: Robert Maliva Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030668134 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 357
Book Description
This book attempts to bridge the gap between the climate change research and decision-making communities by exploring the impacts of climate change on groundwater from a more applied perspective. Global climate change will impact groundwater demands, quality, and available supplies, and rising sea level may cause water tables to rise, inundating low-lying coastal areas. Groundwater will increasingly be needed to perform a stabilization role in mitigating fluctuations in the supply of surface waters, serving as a buffer against droughts. Climate change has become a frequent subject in the mass media, and the academic literature on the subject is now enormous. An impediment to climate change adaptation with respect to water is a poor link between the climate change research community and the actual decision-makers responsible for water supply planning. Key issues explored are methods for evaluating potential impacts on climate change on local groundwater systems, the adaptation of decision-making process, and how climate change adaptation can be mainstreamed into the water supply planning.
Author: Douglas Maraun Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1108340644 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 366
Book Description
Statistical downscaling and bias correction are becoming standard tools in climate impact studies. This book provides a comprehensive reference to widely-used approaches, and additionally covers the relevant user context and technical background, as well as a synthesis and guidelines for practitioners. It presents the main approaches including statistical downscaling, bias correction and weather generators, along with their underlying assumptions, skill and limitations. Relevant background information on user needs and observational and climate model uncertainties is complemented by concise introductions to the most important concepts in statistical and dynamical modelling. A substantial part is dedicated to the evaluation of regional climate projections and their value in different user contexts. Detailed guidelines for the application of downscaling and the use of downscaled information in practice complete the volume. Its modular approach makes the book accessible for developers and practitioners, graduate students and experienced researchers, as well as impact modellers and decision makers.
Author: Kimberly Etingoff Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1771883111 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 358
Book Description
This title includes a number of Open Access chapters. This book presents the latest research on resilience strategies around the world. Research such as this is necessary to create new ideas and to evaluate established ones in an effort to make communities more adaptable and to increase people's survival and quality of life while living with the re
Author: Rasmus E. Benestad Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 9812819126 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 228
Book Description
Empirical-statistical downscaling (ESD) is a method for estimating how local climatic variables are affected by large-scale climatic conditions. ESD has been applied to local climate/weather studies for years, but there are few ? if any ? textbooks on the subject. It is also anticipated that ESD will become more important and commonplace in the future, as anthropogenic global warming proceeds. Thus, a textbook on ESD will be important for next-generation climate scientists.
Author: Katharine A. Hayhoe Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Regional climate impact assessments require high-resolution projections to resolve local factors that modify the impact of global-scale forcing. To generate these projections, global climate model simulations are commonly downscaled using a variety of statistical and dynamical techniques. Despite the essential role of downscaling in regional assessments, there is no standard approach to evaluating various downscaling methods. Hence, impact communities often have little awareness of limitations and uncertainties associated with downscaled projections. To develop a standardized framework for evaluating and comparing downscaling approaches, I first identify three primary characteristics of a distribution directly relevant to impact analyses that can be used to evaluate a simulated variable such as temperature or precipitation at a given location: (1) annual, seasonal, and monthly mean values; (2) thresholds, extreme values, and accumulated quantities such as 24h precipitation or degree-days; and (3) persistence, reflecting multi-day events such as heat waves, cold spells, and wet periods. Based on a survey of the literature and solicitation of expert opinion, I select a set of ten statistical tests to evaluate these characteristics, including measures of error, skill, and correlation. I apply this framework to evaluate the skill of four downscaling methods, from a simple delta approach to a complex asynchronous quantile regression, in simulating daily temperature at twenty stations across North America. Identical global model fields force each downscaling method, and the historical observational record at each location is randomly divided by year into two equal parts, such that each statistical method is trained on one set of historical observations, and evaluated on an entirely independent set of observations. Biases relative to observations are calculated for the historical evaluation period, and differences between projections for the future. Application of the framework to this broad range of downscaling methods and locations is successful in that: (1) the downscaling method used is identified as a more important determinant of data quality than station location or GCM; and (2) key differences between downscaling methods are made apparent. For tests focusing on the general distribution of the variable, all methods except bias correction are relatively successful in simulating observed climate, suggesting that if an impact is most sensitive to changes in the mean, even a relatively simple downscaling approach such as 0́−delta0́+ will significantly improve simulation of local-scale climate. For tests that focus on the tails of the distribution, however, differences do arise between simple vs. quantile-based downscaling methods. Specifically, the latter appears less sensitive to location and more consistently able to reproduce observed climate. In terms of future projections, the most notable differences between downscaling methods becomes apparent at the right-hand tail of the distribution, where simple methods tend to simulate much greater increases (up to double the extreme heat days, for some locations) than more complex downscaling methods. I conclude by discussing how a standardized evaluation framework may advance our understanding of regional climate impact studies in understanding biases and limitations in results, as well as providing critical input into the selection of downscaling methods for future assessments. Given the potential exhibited by this initial test, I explore how this evaluation framework could be expanded in the future to make it even more useful: to the regional scale, for example, by including tests for spatial correlations and forcing relationships; or across variables, to capture interactions directly relevant to impact studies, such as heat waves (a function of temperature and humidity, affecting human health, energy demand, and agriculture) or snow amounts (a function of precipitation and temperature, affecting infrastructure and ecosystems); or to evaluate a broader selection of climate variables, downscaling methods, and predictor fields.
Author: U.S. Department of the Interior
Author: U.S. Department of the Interior
Author: S. W. Hostetler
Author: Carole LeBlanc
Author: Rao Kotamarthi
Author: Robert Maliva
Author: Javier Lobon-Cervia
Author: Douglas Maraun
Author: Kimberly Etingoff
Author: Rasmus E. Benestad
Author: Katharine A. Hayhoe