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Author: Gordon M. Phillips Publisher: ISBN: Category : Economics Languages : en Pages : 46
Book Description
We study how firms differ from their competitors using new dynamic measures of product differentiation based on novel text based analysis of 50,673 product descriptions from firm 10-K statements filed yearly with the Securities Exchange Commission. This year-by-year set of firm product differentiation measures allows us to generate a set of dynamic industry classifications and new measures of industry structure and competition. Competitiveness and market structure measures based on these new classifications better correlate with firm profitability than do classifications based on SIC or NAICs. Using these new dynamic industry classifications, we examine endogenous product differentiation. We show that firms use R & D and advertising to differentiate themselves from competitors and increase their profitability.
Author: Gordon M. Phillips Publisher: ISBN: Category : Economics Languages : en Pages : 46
Book Description
We study how firms differ from their competitors using new dynamic measures of product differentiation based on novel text based analysis of 50,673 product descriptions from firm 10-K statements filed yearly with the Securities Exchange Commission. This year-by-year set of firm product differentiation measures allows us to generate a set of dynamic industry classifications and new measures of industry structure and competition. Competitiveness and market structure measures based on these new classifications better correlate with firm profitability than do classifications based on SIC or NAICs. Using these new dynamic industry classifications, we examine endogenous product differentiation. We show that firms use R & D and advertising to differentiate themselves from competitors and increase their profitability.
Author: Gerard Hoberg Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
We study how firms differ from their competitors using new time-varying measures of product differentiation based on text-based analysis of product descriptions from 50,673 firm 10-K statements filed yearly with the Securities and Exchange Commission. This year-by-year set of product differentiation measures allows us to generate a new set of industries and corresponding new measures of industry competition where firms can have their own distinct set of competitors. Our new sets of industry competitors better explain specific discussion of high competition by management, rivals identified by managers as peer firms and firm characteristics such as profitability and leverage than do existing classifications. We also find evidence that firm R&D and advertising are associated with subsequent differentiation from competitors, consistent with theories of endogenous product differentiation.
Author: John Sutton Publisher: MIT Press ISBN: 9780262193054 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 600
Book Description
Sunk Costs and Market Structure bridges the gap between the new generation of game theoretic models that has dominated the industrial organization literature over the past ten years and the traditional empirical agenda of the subject as embodied in the structure-conduct-performance paradigm developed by Joe S. Bain and his successors.
Author: Harold Hotelling Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461389054 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 187
Book Description
In 1985 I first began my research on the life and work of Harold Hotel ling. That year, Harold Hotelling's widow had donated the collection of his private p:;tpers, correspondence and manuscripts to the Butler Library, Columbia University. This is a most appropriate place for them to reside, in that Hotelling's most productive period as an active researcher in eco nomics and statistics coincides with the years when he was Professor of Mathematical Economics at Columbia (1931-1946). The Hotelling Collection comprises some 13,000 separate items and contains numerous unpublished letters and manuscripts of great importance to historians of economics and statistics. In the course of the following year I was able, with the generous financial assistance of the Nuffield Foundation, the Economic and Social Research Council, the British Academy and the University of Durham, to spend six weeks over the Easter period working on the collection. I returned to New York in September 1986 while on sabbatical leave from the University of Durham, and I spent most of the following eight months examining the many documents in the collection. During that academic year I was grateful to Columbia University who gave me the title of Visiting Research Professor and gave me the freedom to work in their many well-stocked libraries.
Author: Ashish Arora Publisher: MIT Press ISBN: 0262261367 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 351
Book Description
The past two decades have seen a gradual but noticeable change in the economic organization of innovative activity. Most firms used to integrate research and development with activities such as production, marketing, and distribution. Today firms are forming joint ventures, research and development alliances, licensing deals, and a variety of other outsourcing arrangements with universities, technology-based start-ups, and other established firms. In many industries, a division of innovative labor is emerging, with a substantial increase in the licensing of existing and prospective technologies. In short, technology and knowledge are becoming definable and tradable commodities. Although researchers have made significant advances in understanding the determinants and consequences of innovation, until recently they have paid little attention to how innovation functions as an economic process. This book examines the nature and workings of markets for intermediate technological inputs. It looks first at how industry structure, the nature of knowledge, and intellectual property rights facilitate the development of technology markets. It then examines the impacts of these markets on firm boundaries, the division of labor within the economy, industry structure, and economic growth. Finally, it examines the implications of this framework for public policy and corporate strategy. Combining theoretical perspectives from economics and management with empirical analysis, the book also draws on historical evidence and case studies to flesh out its research results.
Author: Management Association, Information Resources Publisher: IGI Global ISBN: 1799877485 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 2253
Book Description
As industries are rapidly being digitalized and information is being more heavily stored and transmitted online, the security of information has become a top priority in securing the use of online networks as a safe and effective platform. With the vast and diverse potential of artificial intelligence (AI) applications, it has become easier than ever to identify cyber vulnerabilities, potential threats, and the identification of solutions to these unique problems. The latest tools and technologies for AI applications have untapped potential that conventional systems and human security systems cannot meet, leading AI to be a frontrunner in the fight against malware, cyber-attacks, and various security issues. However, even with the tremendous progress AI has made within the sphere of security, it’s important to understand the impacts, implications, and critical issues and challenges of AI applications along with the many benefits and emerging trends in this essential field of security-based research. Research Anthology on Artificial Intelligence Applications in Security seeks to address the fundamental advancements and technologies being used in AI applications for the security of digital data and information. The included chapters cover a wide range of topics related to AI in security stemming from the development and design of these applications, the latest tools and technologies, as well as the utilization of AI and what challenges and impacts have been discovered along the way. This resource work is a critical exploration of the latest research on security and an overview of how AI has impacted the field and will continue to advance as an essential tool for security, safety, and privacy online. This book is ideally intended for cyber security analysts, computer engineers, IT specialists, practitioners, stakeholders, researchers, academicians, and students interested in AI applications in the realm of security research.
Author: Gordon M. Phillips
Author: Gordon M. Phillips
Author: 
Author: Gerard Hoberg
Author: John Sutton
Author: Avner Shaked
Author: Harold Hotelling
Author: DIANE Publishing Company
Author: Ashish Arora
Author: Management Association, Information Resources
Author: Peter J. Buckley