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Author: Susumu Ohno Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 364286659X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 171
Book Description
It is said that "necessity is the mother of invention". To be sure, wheels and pulleys were invented out of necessity by the tenacious minds of upright citi zens. Looking at the history of mankind, however, one has to add that "Ieisure is the mother of cultural improvement". Man's creative genius flourished only when his mind, freed from the worry of daily toils, was permitted to entertain apparently useless thoughts. In the same manner, one might say with regard to evolution that "natural selection mere(y tnodifted, while redundanry created". Natural selection has been extremely effective in policing alleHe mutations which arise in already existing gene loci. Because of natural selection, organisms have been able to adapt to changing environments, and by adaptive radiation many new species were created from a common ancestral form. Y et, being an effective policeman, natural selection is extremely conservative by nature. Had evolution been entirely dependent upon natural selection, from a bacterium only numerous forms of bacteria would have emerged. The creation of metazoans, vertebrates and finally mammals from unicellular organisms would have been quite impos sible, for such big leaps in evolution required the creation of new gene loci with previously nonexistent functions. Only the cistron which became redun dant was able to escape from the relentless pressure of natural selection, and by escaping, it accumulated formerly forbidden mutations to emerge as a new gene locus.
Author: Susumu Ohno Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 364286659X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 171
Book Description
It is said that "necessity is the mother of invention". To be sure, wheels and pulleys were invented out of necessity by the tenacious minds of upright citi zens. Looking at the history of mankind, however, one has to add that "Ieisure is the mother of cultural improvement". Man's creative genius flourished only when his mind, freed from the worry of daily toils, was permitted to entertain apparently useless thoughts. In the same manner, one might say with regard to evolution that "natural selection mere(y tnodifted, while redundanry created". Natural selection has been extremely effective in policing alleHe mutations which arise in already existing gene loci. Because of natural selection, organisms have been able to adapt to changing environments, and by adaptive radiation many new species were created from a common ancestral form. Y et, being an effective policeman, natural selection is extremely conservative by nature. Had evolution been entirely dependent upon natural selection, from a bacterium only numerous forms of bacteria would have emerged. The creation of metazoans, vertebrates and finally mammals from unicellular organisms would have been quite impos sible, for such big leaps in evolution required the creation of new gene loci with previously nonexistent functions. Only the cistron which became redun dant was able to escape from the relentless pressure of natural selection, and by escaping, it accumulated formerly forbidden mutations to emerge as a new gene locus.
Author: Katharina Dittmar Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118148096 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 350
Book Description
Gene duplication has long been believed to have played a major role in the rise of biological novelty through evolution of new function and gene expression patterns. The first book to examine gene duplication across all levels of biological organization, Evolution after Gene Duplication presents a comprehensive picture of the mechanistic process by which gene duplication may have played a role in generating biodiversity. Key Features: Explores comparative genomics, genome evolution studies and analysis of multi-gene families such as Hox, globins, olfactory receptors and MHC (immune system) A complete post-genome treatment of the topic originally covered by Ohno's 1970 classic, this volume extends coverage to include the fate of associated regulatory pathways Taps the significant increase in multi-gene family data that has resulted from comparative genomics Comprehensive coverage that includes opposing theoretical viewpoints, comparative genomics data, theoretical and empirical evidence and the role of bioinformatics in the study of gene duplication This up-to-date overview of theory and mathematical models along with practical examples is suitable for scientists across various levels of biology as well as instructors and graduate students.
Author: Elizabeth R. Hayes Publisher: Penn State Press ISBN: 1575064553 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 224
Book Description
The style of the Hebrew Bible has long been of significant interest to scholars and exegetes alike. Early Jewish and later Christian commentaries point out the importance of the exact wording in interpreting the text, and many an article has been written on features such as repetition and inclusio. With the rise of literary and narrative criticism in biblical studies, these features have received even more attention. The current book stands in the tradition of Robert Alter in that it focuses on how the text of Genesis is written and phrased. More explicitly, it is interested in why Genesis is formulated the way it is and how this affects the reader in his/her encounter with the text. Doubling and Duplicating is not only concerned with a style-as-analysis frame for interpreters but also with its role as a guide for any audience and its gateway to the ancient mind-set (ideological, ontological, and so on). All of the contributors to this collected volume focus on the form of the book of Genesis—that is, on its use of language and formulation. Yet, each author does this in his/her own way, depending on the most fitting tool for the specific research question or based on the researcher’s methodological background. Thus, the essays represent the various approaches in current literary and stylistic criticism as applied to the biblical corpus. Furthermore, the recurring duality of the features discussed in each of the contributions adds to the overall unity of the volume. This recurrence suggests the presence of a stylistic feature in the book of Genesis, the feature of doubling and duplicating, that surpasses the other features of the individual units or stories. This book offers insights about meaning-making on both the micro- and the macro-text levels.
Author: Felix Friedberg Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 953307387X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 416
Book Description
The book Gene Duplication consists of 21 chapters divided in 3 parts: General Aspects, A Look at Some Gene Families and Examining Bundles of Genes. The importance of the study of Gene Duplication stems from the realization that the dynamic process of duplication is the "sine qua non" underlying the evolution of all living matter. Genes may be altered before or after the duplication process thereby undergoing neofunctionalization, thus creating in time new organisms which populate the Earth.
Author: Phillip Slater Publisher: Industrial Press Inc. ISBN: 9780831134013 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 276
Book Description
Engineers and reliability professionals are increasingly being held accountable for materials and spare parts inventory management and in response they need to gain a better understanding of materials and spare parts inventory management principles and practices. This practical book delivers just that. This new edition will help you get the right parts, in the right place, at the right time, for the right reason. Fully revised, it provides specific coverage of the issues faced in, and requirements for, managing engineering materials and spare parts and what to do to improve your results. It includes 29 exclusive examples and real life case studies to demonstrate the application of the concepts and ideas so that you will easy and quickly understand how to implement them. What's more it will show you: What to do to truly optimize your inventory holdings, Why inventory levels are almost always too high, How to identifying the factors that have greatest impact on your inventory levels, When to apply the 7 Actions for Inventory Reduction, Where to focus your efforts for greatest effect, and Who to involve in taking action. The concepts, ideas, tools, and processes in this book have helped many companies achieve and sustain results that other inventory tools and approaches just could not match. And it is sure to help you achieve true inventory optimization as well! Features The second edition includes... A new chapter on The Mechanics of Inventory Management, a pragmatic review of the management of inventory including... Introducing the Materials and Inventory Management Cycle, Comparing theoretical and actual inventory outcomes, Discussion on normal and Poisson distribution models, How to determine the re order point, How to determine the re order quantity, and Commentary on Monte Carlo simulation. An expanded chapter on the financial impact of inventory, including a discussion of the key reports that need to be understood. Chapters on the influence of policies, procedures, and people. Additional discussion on issues faced and how to address them. An expansion of the central process discussed in the first edition to a more comprehensive review process...Inventory Process(TM) Optimization. An expanded section on executing an inventory review program. A closing 'where to from here' chapter. 57 figures and diagrams - 30 of them new and the others all revised and updated and six new tables (with 8 in total). Eight new checklists - specifically included as a new tool for the reader and is the result of direct reader requests. An expanded glossary.
Author: PS Verma | VK Agarwal Publisher: S. Chand Publishing ISBN: 9788121924429 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 1298
Book Description
The revised edition of this bestselling textbook provides latest and detailed account of vital topics in biology, namely, Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution and Ecology . The treatment is very exhaustive as the book devotes exclusive parts to each topic, yet in a simple, lucid and concise manner. Simplified and well labelled diagrams and pictures make the subject interesting and easy to understand. It is developed for students of B.Sc. Pass and Honours courses, primarily. However, it is equally useful for students of M.Sc. Zoology, Botany and Biosciences. Aspirants of medical entrance and civil services examinations would also find the book extremely useful.
Author: Alexander Matthias Holschneider Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3540317511 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 475
Book Description
The revised 4th edition of this classic textbook represents an international consensus in understanding and treating anorectal malformations. New topics include tethered cord, vaginal reconstruction, continent catheterizable channels, and the impact on family studies by parents' organizations. Special attention is given to new surgical techniques: posterior sagittal anorectal plasty (PSARP), urogenital sinue advancement, and laparoscopy. Includes the results of a recent conference.
Author: Michael Thielscher Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3642351018 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 935
Book Description
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 25th Australasian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AI 2012, held in Sydney, Australia, in December 2012. The 76 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 196 submissions. The papers address a wide range of agents, applications, computer vision, constraints and search, game playing, information retrieval, knowledge representation, machine learning, planning and scheduling, robotics and uncertainty in AI.
Author: Elisabeth Oswald Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 354085052X Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 457
Book Description
by Andrey Bogdanov, Thomas Eisenbarth, Andy Rupp and Christopher Wolf. The purpose of the award is to formally acknowledge excellence in research. We would like to c- gratulate the authors of these two papers.
Author: Susumu Ohno
Author: Susumu Ohno
Author: Eric Lofholm
Author: Katharina Dittmar
Author: Elizabeth R. Hayes
Author: Felix Friedberg
Author: Phillip Slater
Author: PS Verma | VK Agarwal
Author: Alexander Matthias Holschneider
Author: Michael Thielscher
Author: Elisabeth Oswald