Dual-beam, Charged-particle Irradiation Facility for Simulation of Nuclear Environment PDF Download
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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Heavy-ion bombardment provides a method for simulating neutron damage to metals and other materials. Simultaneous implantation of He ions allows the study of effects of neutronically generated helium in these samples. A 2-MeV Van de Graaff and a 2-MeV tandem accelerator at Battelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratories (PNL) have been combined to provide dual-beam irradiation with heavy ions, Ni/sup + +/ or Ta/sup + +/, and with He+ ions. This irradiation facility allows independent control of beam currents and energies for both heavy-ion and helium-ion beams, as well as sample temperatures to 1200°C. It will be used both for investigation of materials for advanced reactor applications and for basic studies of radiation damage mechanisms. Preliminary results on molybdenum irradiated to two dose levels at 1000°C, with and without simultaneous helium implantation, show the effect of helium on void nucleation. When helium is continuously implanted, the number of voids increases with dose. Without helium, existing voids grow in size but the number is unchanged. At higher heavy-ion dose rates, this effect of helium is less pronounced.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Heavy-ion bombardment provides a method for simulating neutron damage to metals and other materials. Simultaneous implantation of He ions allows the study of effects of neutronically generated helium in these samples. A 2-MeV Van de Graaff and a 2-MeV tandem accelerator at Battelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratories (PNL) have been combined to provide dual-beam irradiation with heavy ions, Ni/sup + +/ or Ta/sup + +/, and with He+ ions. This irradiation facility allows independent control of beam currents and energies for both heavy-ion and helium-ion beams, as well as sample temperatures to 1200°C. It will be used both for investigation of materials for advanced reactor applications and for basic studies of radiation damage mechanisms. Preliminary results on molybdenum irradiated to two dose levels at 1000°C, with and without simultaneous helium implantation, show the effect of helium on void nucleation. When helium is continuously implanted, the number of voids increases with dose. Without helium, existing voids grow in size but the number is unchanged. At higher heavy-ion dose rates, this effect of helium is less pronounced.
Author: Naoki Soneda Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0857096478 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 437
Book Description
Reactor Pressure Vessels (RPVs) contain the fuel and therefore the reaction at the heart of nuclear power plants. They are a life-determining structural component: if they suffer serious damage, the continued operation of the plant is in jeopardy. This book critically reviews irradiation embrittlement, the main degradation mechanism affecting RPV steels, and mitigation routes for managing the RPV lifetime. Part I reviews RPV design and fabrication in different countries, with an emphasis on the materials required, their important properties, and manufacturing technologies. Part II then considers RVP embrittlement in operational nuclear power plants using different reactors. Chapters are devoted to embrittlement in light-water reactors, including WWER-type reactors and Magnox reactors. Finally, Part III presents techniques for studying embrittlement, including irradiation simulation techniques, microstructural characterisation techniques, and probabilistic fracture mechanics. Irradiation Embrittlement of Reactor Pressure Vessels (RPVs) in Nuclear Power Plants provides a thorough review of an issue that is central to the safety of nuclear power generation. The book includes contributions from an international team of experts, and will be a useful resource for nuclear plant operators and managers, relevant regulatory and safety bodies, nuclear metallurgists and other academics in this field - Discusses reactor pressure vessel (RPV) design and the effect irradiation embrittlement can have, the main degradation mechanism affecting RPVs - Examines embrittlement processes in RPVs in different reactor types, as well as techniques for studying RPV embrittlement
Author: Harald Paganetti Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1439836450 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 691
Book Description
Proton Therapy Physics goes beyond current books on proton therapy to provide an in-depth overview of the physics aspects of this radiation therapy modality, eliminating the need to dig through information scattered in the medical physics literature. After tracing the history of proton therapy, the book summarizes the atomic and nuclear physics background necessary for understanding proton interactions with tissue. It describes the physics of proton accelerators, the parameters of clinical proton beams, and the mechanisms to generate a conformal dose distribution in a patient. The text then covers detector systems and measuring techniques for reference dosimetry, outlines basic quality assurance and commissioning guidelines, and gives examples of Monte Carlo simulations in proton therapy. The book moves on to discussions of treatment planning for single- and multiple-field uniform doses, dose calculation concepts and algorithms, and precision and uncertainties for nonmoving and moving targets. It also examines computerized treatment plan optimization, methods for in vivo dose or beam range verification, the safety of patients and operating personnel, and the biological implications of using protons from a physics perspective. The final chapter illustrates the use of risk models for common tissue complications in treatment optimization. Along with exploring quality assurance issues and biological considerations, this practical guide collects the latest clinical studies on the use of protons in treatment planning and radiation monitoring. Suitable for both newcomers in medical physics and more seasoned specialists in radiation oncology, the book helps readers understand the uncertainties and limitations of precisely shaped dose distribution.
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Author: Naoki Soneda
Author: Marco Durante
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Author: United States. Energy Research and Development Administration
Author: United States. Energy Research and Development Administration
Author: Harald Paganetti