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Author: Thomas M. Hunt Publisher: University of Texas Press ISBN: 0292739575 Category : Sports & Recreation Languages : en Pages : 233
Book Description
On August 26, 1960, twenty-three-year-old Danish cyclist Knud Jensen, competing in that year's Rome Olympic Games, suddenly fell from his bike and fractured his skull. His death hours later led to rumors that performance-enhancing drugs were in his system. Though certainly not the first instance of doping in the Olympic Games, Jensen's death serves as the starting point for Thomas M. Hunt's thoroughly researched, chronological history of the modern relationship of doping to the Olympics. Utilizing concepts derived from international relations theory, diplomatic history, and administrative law, this work connects the issue to global political relations. During the Cold War, national governments had little reason to support effective anti-doping controls in the Olympics. Both the United States and the Soviet Union conceptualized power in sport as a means of impressing both friends and rivals abroad. The resulting medals race motivated nations on both sides of the Iron Curtain to allow drug regulatory powers to remain with private sport authorities. Given the costs involved in testing and the repercussions of drug scandals, these authorities tried to avoid the issue whenever possible. But toward the end of the Cold War, governments became more involved in the issue of testing. Having historically been a combined scientific, ethical, and political dilemma, obstacles to the elimination of doping in the Olympics are becoming less restrained by political inertia.
Author: Thomas M. Hunt Publisher: University of Texas Press ISBN: 0292739575 Category : Sports & Recreation Languages : en Pages : 233
Book Description
On August 26, 1960, twenty-three-year-old Danish cyclist Knud Jensen, competing in that year's Rome Olympic Games, suddenly fell from his bike and fractured his skull. His death hours later led to rumors that performance-enhancing drugs were in his system. Though certainly not the first instance of doping in the Olympic Games, Jensen's death serves as the starting point for Thomas M. Hunt's thoroughly researched, chronological history of the modern relationship of doping to the Olympics. Utilizing concepts derived from international relations theory, diplomatic history, and administrative law, this work connects the issue to global political relations. During the Cold War, national governments had little reason to support effective anti-doping controls in the Olympics. Both the United States and the Soviet Union conceptualized power in sport as a means of impressing both friends and rivals abroad. The resulting medals race motivated nations on both sides of the Iron Curtain to allow drug regulatory powers to remain with private sport authorities. Given the costs involved in testing and the repercussions of drug scandals, these authorities tried to avoid the issue whenever possible. But toward the end of the Cold War, governments became more involved in the issue of testing. Having historically been a combined scientific, ethical, and political dilemma, obstacles to the elimination of doping in the Olympics are becoming less restrained by political inertia.
Author: Brita A.K. Pekarsky Publisher: Springer ISBN: 331908903X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 256
Book Description
This comprehensive text presents a rigorous framework from within which regulators can respond strategically to the claim by the pharmaceutical industry that lower drug prices today lead to a loss for the population’s future health due to less innovation. It starts with a critical review of the empirical evidence of the return to consumers on their ongoing investment into high drug prices in order to increase future innovation. The implicit, critical and unrealistic assumption inherent in these studies is identified, namely that the health budget can be expanded to purchase drugs at higher prices without an opportunity cost, for example, the foregone benefits of alternative investments in health care infrastructure. Price effectiveness analysis (PEA), is introduced. PEA informs the question of how the innovative surplus from the new drug should be allocated between the manufacturer and the consumer so as to optimise society’s welfare. The method allows the decisions by the regulator and the firm to be analysed jointly by specifying the firm’s production and revenue functions in terms of the clinical innovation of a new drug; the incremental effect used in the summary metric of cost effectiveness analysis. An economic value of innovation that takes into account opportunity cost under conditions of economic efficiency in the health system is proposed: the health shadow price. The limitations of the non-strategic methods that currently inform the highly contested new drug subsidy game are presented and the relative strengths of PEA are demonstrated. Health technology assessment quantifies both the clinical innovation of a new drug and its financial impact on the health system. Cost effectiveness analysis tests the relationship between the incremental cost and incremental effect of a new drug for target patients, at a given price. PEA tests the relationship between the price of a new drug and the health of the whole population, now and into the future. It achieves this by taking into account current inefficiency in both resource allocation and the displacement process, and the relationship between price and future innovation.
Author: Prajit K. Dutta Publisher: MIT Press ISBN: 0262368501 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 713
Book Description
The new edition of a widely used introduction to game theory and its applications, with a focus on economics, business, and politics. This widely used introduction to game theory is rigorous but accessible, unique in its balance between the theoretical and the practical, with examples and applications following almost every theory-driven chapter. In recent years, game theory has become an important methodological tool for all fields of social sciences, biology and computer science. This second edition of Strategies and Games not only takes into account new game theoretical concepts and applications such as bargaining and matching, it also provides an array of chapters on game theory applied to the political arena. New examples, case studies, and applications relevant to a wide range of behavioral disciplines are now included. The authors map out alternate pathways through the book for instructors in economics, business, and political science. The book contains four parts: strategic form games, extensive form games, asymmetric information games, and cooperative games and matching. Theoretical topics include dominance solutions, Nash equilibrium, Condorcet paradox, backward induction, subgame perfection, repeated and dynamic games, Bayes-Nash equilibrium, mechanism design, auction theory, signaling, the Shapley value, and stable matchings. Applications and case studies include OPEC, voting, poison pills, Treasury auctions, trade agreements, pork-barrel spending, climate change, bargaining and audience costs, markets for lemons, and school choice. Each chapter includes concept checks and tallies end-of-chapter problems. An appendix offers a thorough discussion of single-agent decision theory, which underpins game theory.
Author: David Mottram Publisher: Taylor & Francis ISBN: 1000529525 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 505
Book Description
Drugs in Sport is the most comprehensive and accurate text on the emotive, complex and critical subject of performance enhancement and doping within sport. Thoroughly updated in light of the latest World Anti-Doping Code and taking into account the latest regulations, procedures and landmark cases, this 8th edition explores the science behind drug use in sport, as well as its ethical, social, political and administrative context. Introducing an increased focus on athletes with specific needs and on corrupt doping practices, the book covers key topics including: - an evaluation of the prevalence of doping in sport; - the latest doping control regulations stipulated by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA); - the science and side effects of each major class of drug used in sport; - cutting-edge issues such as drug use by transgender athletes; - medical and anti-doping considerations for athletes with an impairment; - governance and corruption in sport including institutionalised doping; - issues surrounding sport nutrition and supplement use in sport; - medical and pharmaceutical services at major sporting events. Accessibly written, and supported throughout with illustrative case studies and data, Drugs in Sport provides a crucial and objective resource for students and researchers, athletes, sports scientists, coaches and athlete-support staff, journalists, sports administrators and policymakers, alike.
Author: David R. Mottram Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1134708076 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 427
Book Description
Drug use and abuse is perhaps the biggest challenge facing sport today. However, in the eye of the storm of public and press opinion and with medals and morals at stake, it can be difficult to gain a clear perspective on this complex issue. Now available in a fully updated and revised sixth edition Drugs in Sport is the most comprehensive and accurate text available on the subject. Taking into account the latest regulations, methods and landmark cases, the book explores the hard science behind drug use in sport as well as the ethical, social, political and administrative context. Key topics include: Mode of action and side effects of each major class of drugs used in sport Discussion of cutting-edge issues such as gene doping and athlete biological passports The latest doping control regulations of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Issues surrounding non-prohibited substances and ergogenic aids in supplements Medical and pharmaceutical services at major sporting events An assessment of the prevalence of drug taking in sport Accessibly written, extensively referenced, and supported throughout with illustrative case studies and data, Drugs in Sport provides a comprehensive, objective resource for students and researchers, athletes, sports scientists and coaches, journalists, sports administrators and policymakers.
Author: Robert N. Golden Publisher: Infobase Publishing ISBN: 0816076308 Category : Drug abuse Languages : en Pages : 241
Book Description
[This title] presents information designed to help teens understand such topics as the biology of addiction, drugs and drinking, drug testing, the law on drugs, common illegal drugs, overdose, rehabilitation and treatment, and much more. -- p.[4] of cover.
Author: Christine Honders Publisher: Greenhaven Publishing LLC ISBN: 1534560041 Category : Juvenile Nonfiction Languages : en Pages : 114
Book Description
While steroids are medically useful in small, prescribed doses, they are too often abused in sports alongside other performance-enhancing drugs. Young athletes may feel their natural performance is not good enough, so they may turn to these drugs to get ahead. Young athletes are informed about the risky effects of abusing these drugs to combat the allure of being perceived as a better player. Sidebars and full-color photographs help portray the dangerous consequences of this type of drug abuse.
Author: Thomas M. Hunt
Author: Thomas M. Hunt
Author: Brita A.K. Pekarsky
Author: Prajit K. Dutta
Author: David Mottram
Author: David R. Mottram
Author: Robert S. de Ropp
Author: Yu-Ping Cheng
Author: Robert N. Golden
Author: United States. Congress. House. Select Committee on Crime
Author: Christine Honders