Author: Mohamed Salem ZaidiPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 190
Book Description
Drought Stress Influence on Some Physiological Processes in Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)
Author: Mohamed Salem ZaidiSome Physiological Processes in Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) and Cowpeas (Vigna Unguiculata L.) as Affected by Drought Stress
Author: Errol Garth RhodenDrought Stress Tolerance in Plants, Vol 1
Author: Mohammad Anwar HossainPublisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319288997
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 538
Book Description
Abiotic stress adversely affects crop production worldwide, decreasing average yields for most of the crops to 50%. Among various abiotic stresses affecting agricultural production, drought stress is considered to be the main source of yield reduction around the globe. Due to an increasing world population, drought stress will lead to a serious food shortage by 2050. The situation may become worse due to predicated global climate change that may multiply the frequency and duration and severity of such abiotic stresses. Hence, there is an urgent need to improve our understanding on complex mechanisms of drought stress tolerance and to develop modern varieties that are more resilient to drought stress. Identification of the potential novel genes responsible for drought tolerance in crop plants will contribute to understanding the molecular mechanism of crop responses to drought stress. The discovery of novel genes, the analysis of their expression patterns in response to drought stress, and the determination of their potential functions in drought stress adaptation will provide the basis of effective engineering strategies to enhance crop drought stress tolerance. Although the in-depth water stress tolerance mechanisms is still unclear, it can be to some extent explained on the basis of ion homeostasis mediated by stress adaptation effectors, toxic radical scavenging, osmolyte biosynthesis, water transport, and long distance signaling response coordination. Importantly, complete elucidation of the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms for drought stress, perception, transduction, and tolerance is still a challenge to the plant biologists. The findings presented in volume 1 call attention to the physiological and biochemical modalities of drought stress that influence crop productivity, whereas volume 2 summarizes our current understanding on the molecular and genetic mechanisms of drought stress resistance in plants.
Some Physiological Aspcts of Drought Resistance in Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L. Em Thell)
Author: Mahmood OsmanzaiMechanisms of Adaptation
Author: J.R. SpkatchPublisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323163289
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 615
Book Description
The Bacteria: Volume VII: Mechanisms of Adaptation explores the mechanisms of bacterial adaptations and covers topics ranging from bacterial spores, cysts, and stalks to nitrogen fixation, bacterial chemotaxis, bacteriophage growth, and the structure and biosynthesis of bacterial cell walls. The roles of appendages and surface layers in adaptation of bacteria to their environment are also considered, along with cell division in Escherichia coli. This volume is comprised of nine chapters and begins with a discussion on the structure, properties, formation, and regulation of spores, cysts, and stalks in actinomycetes, blue-green bacteria, myxobacteria, Bacillus, Azotobacter, and Caulobacter. The reader is then introduced to the biochemistry, regulation, genetics, and evolution of nitrogen fixing in organisms; the receptors involved in bacterial chemotaxis and the nature of the sensing mechanism; the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria; and bacterial functions involved in nutrient detection and acquisition. The roles played by organelles and surface layers in the adaptation of bacteria to their environment are also examined. The final chapter deals with the regulation of, and coordination between, the multitude of events involved in cell division in Escherichia coli. This monograph will be a useful resource for microbiologists, bacteriologists, biochemists, and biologists.
Physiological Studies Related to Grain Yield in Winter Wheat
Author: Kevin James DonnellyPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Wheat
Languages : en
Pages : 268
Book Description
As indicator of the time of maximum grain dry weight accumulation (t[indice]max) and a better description of physiological processes associated with grain growth termination in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) should assist cultivar improvement programs. Several cultivars were compared to determine t[indice]max and its relationship to visual changes and physiological activities of spikes. Two cubic polymonial functions fitted to kernel dry weigth accumulation data estimated t[indice]max more objectively than single cubic or quadratic models or a mean superation test. Loss of green color from all spike parts was the best indicator of t[indice]max. Kernels from different portions of spikes generally reached t[indice]max within one day. Green tissue at the botton of spikes assimilated carbon and supplied assimilate to upper portions after they had lost green color. Kernels depended on sources of assimilate other than spikes during final stages of growth, since spike net photosynthesis reached zero prior to t[indice]max. Spike gross photosynthesis continued until t[indice]max, partially offseting respiration. Spike respiration continued after t[indice]max, but kernel weights did not always decline. Geen tissue at the base of the flag leaf assimilated carbon wich was translocated to kernels after t[indice]max. Winter wheat produces meny shoots which fail to develop grain-bearing spikes. An understanding of the physiology of spikelles shoots and their influence on grain yields may suggest potential for cultivar improvement. Distribution of 14C-labelled assimilate from late-emerging tillers was monitored. The effects of tiller removal treatments and tiller development and survival patterns were also evaluated. When spikelless tillers were labelled with 14CO2 at jointing, over 50% of the label recovered at maturity was in parts other that the labelled tiller. Kernels contained less than 10%. The importance of kernels as a sink increased with later labelling and under stress. Some translocation occurred within 48 hours. Removal of small shoots at jointing decreased grain yields by decreasing kernel numbers. Shoot survival was positively correlated with spike and kernel numbers per unit area and grain yield. Lower-yielding cultivars with lower shoot survival invested more in larger shoots wich failed to produce spikes. Therefore, the positive contibution of spikeless shoots suggested by the 14CO2-labelling and tiller removal studies may not have compensated for the plants investiment in them.
Molecular Plant Abiotic Stress
Author: Aryadeep RoychoudhuryPublisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 111946367X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 613
Book Description
A close examination of current research on abiotic stresses in various plant species The unpredictable environmental stress conditions associated with climate change are significant challenges to global food security, crop productivity, and agricultural sustainability. Rapid population growth and diminishing resources necessitate the development of crops that can adapt to environmental extremities. Although significant advancements have been made in developing plants through improved crop breeding practices and genetic manipulation, further research is necessary to understand how genes and metabolites for stress tolerance are modulated, and how cross-talk and regulators can be tuned to achieve stress tolerance. Molecular Plant Abiotic Stress: Biology and Biotechnology is an extensive investigation of the various forms of abiotic stresses encountered in plants, and susceptibility or tolerance mechanisms found in different plant species. In-depth examination of morphological, anatomical, biochemical, molecular and gene expression levels enables plant scientists to identify the different pathways and signaling cascades involved in stress response. This timely book: Covers a wide range of abiotic stresses in multiple plant species Provides researchers and scientists with transgenic strategies to overcome stress tolerances in several plant species Compiles the most recent research and up-to-date data on stress tolerance Examines both selective breeding and genetic engineering approaches to improving plant stress tolerances Written and edited by prominent scientists and researchers from across the globe Molecular Plant Abiotic Stress: Biology and Biotechnology is a valuable source of information for students, academics, scientists, researchers, and industry professionals in fields including agriculture, botany, molecular biology, biochemistry and biotechnology, and plant physiology.
Roots
Author: Jun J. AbePublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401729239
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 444
Book Description
The root is the organ that functions as the interface between the plant and the earth environment. Many human management practices involving crops, forests and natural vegetation also affect plant growth through the soil and roots. Understanding the morphology and function of roots from the cellular level to the level of the whole root system is required for both plant production and environmental protection. This book is at the forefront of plant root science (rhizology), catering to professional plant scientists and graduate students. It covers root development, stress physiology, ecology, and associations with microorganisms. The chapters are selected papers originally presented at the 6th Symposium of the International Society of Root Research, where plant biologists, ecologists, soil microbiologists, crop scientists, forestry scientists, and environmental scientists, among others, gathered to discuss current research results and to establish rhizology as a newly integrated research area.
Salinity and Water Stress
Author: M. AshrafPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 140209065X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 241
Book Description
Salinity and water stress limit crop productivity worldwide and generate substantial economic losses each year, yet innovative research on crop and natural resource management can reveal cost-effective ways in which farmers can increase both their productivity and their income. Presenting recent research findings on salt stress, water stress and stress-adapted plants, this book offers insights into new strategies for increasing the efficiency of crops under stressful environments. The strategies are based on conventional breeding and advanced molecular techniques used by plant physiologists, and are discussed using specific case studies to illustrate their potential. The book emphasizes the effects of environmental factors on specific stages of plant development, and discusses the role of plant growth regulators, nutrients, osmoprotectants and antioxidants in counteracting their adverse affects. Synthesising updated information on mechansisms of stress tolerance at cell, tissue and whole-plant level, this book provides a useful reference text for post graduate students and researchers involved in the fields of stress physiology and plant physiology in general, with additional readership amongst researchers in horticulture, agronomy, crop science, conservation, environmental management and ecological restoration.
Carbon-Water-Nitrogen Processes and Mechanisms of Agricultural and Forest Ecosystems under Future Climate Change
Author: Yunpu ZhengPublisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832549411
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 137
Book Description
It is well known that agricultural and forest ecosystems are the most important carbon sinks in terrestrial ecosystems, and therefore understanding the key processes and potential mechanisms of agricultural and forest ecosystems in response to climate change is critical for accurately estimating the carbon sinks in agriculture and forests. However, the response and adaptation of carbon-water-nitrogen processes in agricultural and forest ecosystems to climate change remain unclear. These knowledge gaps create significant uncertainties in future projections, and fully exploring the potential mechanisms and processes of agriculture and forests to climate change is pivotal to projecting the potential risk of climate change on global grain yield and forest carbon sequestrations.