Draft Environmental Health Criteria Document on Nonylphenol and Its Ethoxylates. Interim Report PDF Download

Author: S. D. (Stuart) Dobson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 35

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 134

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Nonylphenol ethoxylates are a class of high-volume chemicals used as detergents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, and dispersing agents. These chemicals and their degradation products such as nonylphenol are not produced naturally, and enter the environment primarily through wastewater treatment plant effluents. This report summarizes the information critical to the assessment of these chemicals as toxic, including their identity, properties, production, and uses; entry into the environment; fate and concentrations; toxicokinetics; and effects on experimental animals and in vitro and on humans; and ecotoxicology. The report also includes an assessment under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act of these chemicals regarding their toxicity in the environment and their population exposure & human health effects.

Author: Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Huntington (GB)
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781855311695
Category : Biodiversity
Languages : en
Pages : 150

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Author: Uri Zoller
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0203020502
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 838

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The second installment of the multivolume Handbook of Detergents deals with the potential environmental impact of detergents as a result of their production, formulation, usage, consumption, and disposal. This volume forms a comprehensive treatise on the multidimensional issues involved and emphasizes the alignment of scientific knowledge with the

Author: Canada. National Guidelines and Standards Office
Publisher: National Guidelines and Standards Office
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 192

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Nonylphenyl (NP) and NP ethoxylates (NPEs) are a group of organic chemicals that are widely used as surfactants, emulsifiers, wetting agents, and dispersants in a wide variety of industrial processes & commercial products. This document provides the rationale for development of Canadian environmental quality guidelines for NP & NPEs. It contains technical background information on the chemical & physical properties of NP & NPEs and a review of their sources & emissions in Canada, the distribution & behaviour of these chemicals in the environment, their toxicological effects on aquatic & terrestrial species, and NP/NPE guidelines developed in other jurisdictions. The information is then used to derive water, sediment, & soil quality guidelines for NP/NPEs to protect ecological receptors in each of these environmental compartments. The final sections suggest areas for future research & provide guidance on implementation of the guidelines.

Author: Uri Zoller
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439832951
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 4002

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With contributions from experts and pioneers, this set provides readers with the tools they need to answer the need for sustainable development faced by the industry. The six volumes constitute a shift from the traditional, mostly theoretical focus of most resources to the practical application of advances in research and development. With con

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air quality
Languages : en
Pages : 190

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Health risk assessment
Languages : en
Pages : 414

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Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309478219
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 341

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Whether the result of an oil well blowout, vessel collision or grounding, leaking pipeline, or other incident at sea, each marine oil spill will present unique circumstances and challenges. The oil type and properties, location, time of year, duration of spill, water depth, environmental conditions, affected biomes, potential human community impact, and available resources may vary significantly. Also, each spill may be governed by policy guidelines, such as those set forth in the National Response Plan, Regional Response Plans, or Area Contingency Plans. To respond effectively to the specific conditions presented during an oil spill, spill responders have used a variety of response optionsâ€"including mechanical recovery of oil using skimmers and booms, in situ burning of oil, monitored natural attenuation of oil, and dispersion of oil by chemical dispersants. Because each response method has advantages and disadvantages, it is important to understand specific scenarios where a net benefit may be achieved by using a particular tool or combination of tools. This report builds on two previous National Research Council reports on dispersant use to provide a current understanding of the state of science and to inform future marine oil spill response operations. The response to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill included an unprecedented use of dispersants via both surface application and subsea injection. The magnitude of the spill stimulated interest and funding for research on oil spill response, and dispersant use in particular. This study assesses the effects and efficacy of dispersants as an oil spill response tool and evaluates trade-offs associated with dispersant use.

Author: Sylvia S. Talmage
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0429610629
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 387

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The book summarizes and reviews the environmental and human safety of two classes of nonionic surfactants-alcohol ethoxylates (AE) and alkylphenol ethoxylates (APE). This unique resource contains critical data from published sources as well as from unpublished studies submitted by Soap and Detergent Association member companies. It reviews information on product chemistry and analysis, biodegradation, environmental levels (including fate and distribution), aquatic toxicity, and human safety. Recently developed analytical techniques for the extraction, separation, detection, and measurement of nonionic surfactants and their metabolites in environmental samples are described. Results of biodegradation studies performed with a variety of test systems are tabulated, as are results of field studies at wastewater treatment plants. Reported comparisons of environmental levels with results of acute and chronic aquatic toxicity tests are provided. The information on the toxicity and irritation potential of AE and APE surfactants includes data from in vitro, mammalian, and human studies.