Author: Asenath Mason
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781535272384
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 302
Book Description
"Draconian Ritual Book" will introduce you into foundations and practical methods of Draconian magic as a path of self-initiation. With this book you will learn how to start your practice on the Path of the Dragon, establish contact with gods and spirits that will assist you in this work, build your personal temple, prepare tools for your rituals, and design your own workings and exercises. Each practice is provided with background information, explaining the purpose and possible ways in which it may affect your initiatory process. You will find here invocations and evocations, meditations and trances, exercises for cleansing, grounding, and raising the inner Serpent Force. There are instructions that will help you in your astral travels and dream magic, teach you how to work with seals and sigils, enhance your magical senses, and show you how to use gates and doorways to the Other Side. Practices such as blood sacrifice and sex magic are discussed in a practical way as well. You will read here about the Draconian Tradition, as well as the Left Hand Path in general, learning what it means to be a Draconian Initiate. This book will also guide you through the process of Kundalini awakening, discussing symptoms and providing exercises that will help you in your individual practice. Finally, you will find here a ritual of self-initiation into the Draconian current. If you are a beginner to Draconian magic, this book will teach you where to start and help you understand the basics of the initiatory process, while more advanced practitioners will find here practical instructions and information on how to develop and expand their work on the Path of the Dragon. The book includes the Introduction and Lexicon by Bill Duvendack.
Draconian Ritual Book
Author: Asenath Mason
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781535272384
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 302
Book Description
"Draconian Ritual Book" will introduce you into foundations and practical methods of Draconian magic as a path of self-initiation. With this book you will learn how to start your practice on the Path of the Dragon, establish contact with gods and spirits that will assist you in this work, build your personal temple, prepare tools for your rituals, and design your own workings and exercises. Each practice is provided with background information, explaining the purpose and possible ways in which it may affect your initiatory process. You will find here invocations and evocations, meditations and trances, exercises for cleansing, grounding, and raising the inner Serpent Force. There are instructions that will help you in your astral travels and dream magic, teach you how to work with seals and sigils, enhance your magical senses, and show you how to use gates and doorways to the Other Side. Practices such as blood sacrifice and sex magic are discussed in a practical way as well. You will read here about the Draconian Tradition, as well as the Left Hand Path in general, learning what it means to be a Draconian Initiate. This book will also guide you through the process of Kundalini awakening, discussing symptoms and providing exercises that will help you in your individual practice. Finally, you will find here a ritual of self-initiation into the Draconian current. If you are a beginner to Draconian magic, this book will teach you where to start and help you understand the basics of the initiatory process, while more advanced practitioners will find here practical instructions and information on how to develop and expand their work on the Path of the Dragon. The book includes the Introduction and Lexicon by Bill Duvendack.
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781535272384
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 302
Book Description
"Draconian Ritual Book" will introduce you into foundations and practical methods of Draconian magic as a path of self-initiation. With this book you will learn how to start your practice on the Path of the Dragon, establish contact with gods and spirits that will assist you in this work, build your personal temple, prepare tools for your rituals, and design your own workings and exercises. Each practice is provided with background information, explaining the purpose and possible ways in which it may affect your initiatory process. You will find here invocations and evocations, meditations and trances, exercises for cleansing, grounding, and raising the inner Serpent Force. There are instructions that will help you in your astral travels and dream magic, teach you how to work with seals and sigils, enhance your magical senses, and show you how to use gates and doorways to the Other Side. Practices such as blood sacrifice and sex magic are discussed in a practical way as well. You will read here about the Draconian Tradition, as well as the Left Hand Path in general, learning what it means to be a Draconian Initiate. This book will also guide you through the process of Kundalini awakening, discussing symptoms and providing exercises that will help you in your individual practice. Finally, you will find here a ritual of self-initiation into the Draconian current. If you are a beginner to Draconian magic, this book will teach you where to start and help you understand the basics of the initiatory process, while more advanced practitioners will find here practical instructions and information on how to develop and expand their work on the Path of the Dragon. The book includes the Introduction and Lexicon by Bill Duvendack.
The Book of Mephisto
Author: Asenath Mason
Publisher: Edition Roter Drache
ISBN: 3939459003
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 76
Book Description
Publisher: Edition Roter Drache
ISBN: 3939459003
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 76
Book Description
Necronomicon Gnosis: A Practical Introduction
Author: Asenath Mason
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 1365057143
Category : Body, Mind & Spirit
Languages : en
Pages : 304
Book Description
The magic of the Necronomicon is based on dreams, visions and transmissions from planes and dimensions beyond the world as we know it, channeled and earthed by sensitive individuals. This book thoroughly explores this magical tradition, discussing the lore of the Cthulhu Mythos from the perspective of a practitioner, providing applicable methods of work, both for beginners and advanced magicians. It presents basic magical concepts and techniques of their practical use within the context of the Necronomicon Gnosis: pacts and ceremonies, astral journeys, dream magic, scrying and travelling through gateways to interstellar dimensions, evocations, invocations, sex magic, self-initiation, shape-shifting, necromancy, the art of sacrifice, and many others.
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 1365057143
Category : Body, Mind & Spirit
Languages : en
Pages : 304
Book Description
The magic of the Necronomicon is based on dreams, visions and transmissions from planes and dimensions beyond the world as we know it, channeled and earthed by sensitive individuals. This book thoroughly explores this magical tradition, discussing the lore of the Cthulhu Mythos from the perspective of a practitioner, providing applicable methods of work, both for beginners and advanced magicians. It presents basic magical concepts and techniques of their practical use within the context of the Necronomicon Gnosis: pacts and ceremonies, astral journeys, dream magic, scrying and travelling through gateways to interstellar dimensions, evocations, invocations, sex magic, self-initiation, shape-shifting, necromancy, the art of sacrifice, and many others.
The Dragon Book of Essex
Author: Andrew Chumbley
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781942526605
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 832
Book Description
Deluxe Edition: Limited to 196 hand-numbered copies, full gilt-blocked goatskin, special endpapers, silk ribbon bookmarker, with slipcase. Fine condition New....This substantial work expounds the sorcerous ethos and praxes of the Crooked Path ritual system. Its contents include a cycle of ten extensive Mystery-rites, each accompanied by adjunctive solitary rituals and detailed commentaries. Additional texts relate the intricacies of Sabbatic ritualization, as well as an extensive body of stellar lore and ritual.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781942526605
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 832
Book Description
Deluxe Edition: Limited to 196 hand-numbered copies, full gilt-blocked goatskin, special endpapers, silk ribbon bookmarker, with slipcase. Fine condition New....This substantial work expounds the sorcerous ethos and praxes of the Crooked Path ritual system. Its contents include a cycle of ten extensive Mystery-rites, each accompanied by adjunctive solitary rituals and detailed commentaries. Additional texts relate the intricacies of Sabbatic ritualization, as well as an extensive body of stellar lore and ritual.
Grimoire of Tiamat
Author: Asenath Mason
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780983063964
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 208
Book Description
Tiamat is the Primal Dragon Goddess, the first one, who gave birth to the gods of the universe," the Mother of Everything, the self-procreating womb, the source of all life and all manifestation. The work described in this book was inspired by the Babylonian epic known as the "Enuma Elish," one of the oldest Creation myths in the world. The Grimoire of Tiamat presents a complete system of magick based around the Mesopotamian primordial goddess Tiamat and the eleven demons she created to aid her in her fight against the new order of gods lead by Marduk. The book is divided into three sections: first, a lengthy introduction of the theme and cosmology, followed by individual workings for each of the eleven demon-gods, and then a concluding appendix of thematically related workings focusing directly on Tiamat and Kingu. The second section, The Children of Tiamat, presents ways of working with each of the eleven demon-gods, prefaced with an explanation of the techniques that follow and the use of the Key of Night, a master sigil that is employed throughout the workings as a way to access the Nightside. The final section of The Grimoire of Tiamat is an appendix that returns the focus to Tiamat as it takes the form of a guided meditation within the waters of Tiamat, a ritual for two participants invoking Tiamat and Kingu, a rite of malefica, and a discussion of the underworld in Mesopotamian belief, followed by a chthonic guided path working.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780983063964
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 208
Book Description
Tiamat is the Primal Dragon Goddess, the first one, who gave birth to the gods of the universe," the Mother of Everything, the self-procreating womb, the source of all life and all manifestation. The work described in this book was inspired by the Babylonian epic known as the "Enuma Elish," one of the oldest Creation myths in the world. The Grimoire of Tiamat presents a complete system of magick based around the Mesopotamian primordial goddess Tiamat and the eleven demons she created to aid her in her fight against the new order of gods lead by Marduk. The book is divided into three sections: first, a lengthy introduction of the theme and cosmology, followed by individual workings for each of the eleven demon-gods, and then a concluding appendix of thematically related workings focusing directly on Tiamat and Kingu. The second section, The Children of Tiamat, presents ways of working with each of the eleven demon-gods, prefaced with an explanation of the techniques that follow and the use of the Key of Night, a master sigil that is employed throughout the workings as a way to access the Nightside. The final section of The Grimoire of Tiamat is an appendix that returns the focus to Tiamat as it takes the form of a guided meditation within the waters of Tiamat, a ritual for two participants invoking Tiamat and Kingu, a rite of malefica, and a discussion of the underworld in Mesopotamian belief, followed by a chthonic guided path working.
Rites of Lucifer
Author: Asenath Mason
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781505295092
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 122
Book Description
Lucifer is the archetype of the Adversary, initiator and guide on the Path of the Nightside. He is the fallen angel of Christian legends, the Devil of witches' Sabbats, one of primal Draconian Gods, Demon Prince of the Air, and Infernal Emperor of old grimoires. The purpose of this book is to delve into his initiatory role on the Draconian Path and in Atlantean magic through chosen masks and manifestations which Lucifer has used over the ages to reveal his presence to mankind, bestowing his blessings on Initiates and scourging the ignorant. Essays and rituals included here explore both his bright and dark aspects, the face of the Light Bearer and the horned mask of the Devil. Edited and compiled by Asenath Mason, the book contains contributions from Rev Bill Duvendack, Edgar Kerval, Daemon Barzai, Cristian Velasco, and Pairika Eva Borowska. The contents include: Light and Darkness in Luciferian Gnosis; The Light Bearer Ritual; Invocation of the Dark Initiator; The Mind of Lucifer; Purifying Fire (The Seed of Luciferian Gnosis); Lord of the Air; Lucifer - The Trickster; The Shadow Companion; Holographic Luciferianism; The Adversarial Current of Lucifer; Invocation of the Adversary; Freedom through Death; Emperor of Shadow and Light; The God of Witchcraft; The Infernal Spirit of Old Grimoires; Masks of Lucifer Ritual. It's a unique publication in the tradition of the Luciferian Gnosis.
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781505295092
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 122
Book Description
Lucifer is the archetype of the Adversary, initiator and guide on the Path of the Nightside. He is the fallen angel of Christian legends, the Devil of witches' Sabbats, one of primal Draconian Gods, Demon Prince of the Air, and Infernal Emperor of old grimoires. The purpose of this book is to delve into his initiatory role on the Draconian Path and in Atlantean magic through chosen masks and manifestations which Lucifer has used over the ages to reveal his presence to mankind, bestowing his blessings on Initiates and scourging the ignorant. Essays and rituals included here explore both his bright and dark aspects, the face of the Light Bearer and the horned mask of the Devil. Edited and compiled by Asenath Mason, the book contains contributions from Rev Bill Duvendack, Edgar Kerval, Daemon Barzai, Cristian Velasco, and Pairika Eva Borowska. The contents include: Light and Darkness in Luciferian Gnosis; The Light Bearer Ritual; Invocation of the Dark Initiator; The Mind of Lucifer; Purifying Fire (The Seed of Luciferian Gnosis); Lord of the Air; Lucifer - The Trickster; The Shadow Companion; Holographic Luciferianism; The Adversarial Current of Lucifer; Invocation of the Adversary; Freedom through Death; Emperor of Shadow and Light; The God of Witchcraft; The Infernal Spirit of Old Grimoires; Masks of Lucifer Ritual. It's a unique publication in the tradition of the Luciferian Gnosis.
Lilith
Author: Asenath Mason
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781979323260
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 172
Book Description
This anthology brings together essays, rituals, and unique artwork dedicated to the Queen of the Night and the Dark Goddess of the Qliphoth. Denied and rejected, worshipped and venerated, Lilith has been a part of the Western culture for ages. Viewed both as a beautiful seductress and a ruthless demon, she is the Serpent in the Garden of Eden, the first woman, and the primary initiatrix into the mysteries of the dark side of the Qabalistic Tree of Life. Her rites are the works of love and pain, sex and transgression, transcendence and immanence, for she exists at the roots of all desire of all humans past, present, and future. This archetype has never been fully grasped in its profundity and is constantly unfolding, challenging us to recognize our fears and passions and to transform them into tools of power. In this book you will find personal accounts of practitioners who ventured into the sacred and unholy garden of the Dark Queen of Sitra Ahra and returned transformed and empowered by her gnosis. Spells and invocations, dream magic and guided meditations, visions and stories of intimate encounters with Lilith - all this is contained in this unique anthology, written from the perspective of the Left Hand Path and the Draconian Tradition. Compiled and edited by Asenath Mason, the book contains articles and contributions from Ahohlan Castart�, Alisa Jones, Bill Duvendack, Edgar Kerval, Kai'Nathera, Katie Anderson, Leonard Dewar, Lucien von Wolfe, Mike King, Martha Gray, Nemo.V, and Selene-Lilith.
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781979323260
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 172
Book Description
This anthology brings together essays, rituals, and unique artwork dedicated to the Queen of the Night and the Dark Goddess of the Qliphoth. Denied and rejected, worshipped and venerated, Lilith has been a part of the Western culture for ages. Viewed both as a beautiful seductress and a ruthless demon, she is the Serpent in the Garden of Eden, the first woman, and the primary initiatrix into the mysteries of the dark side of the Qabalistic Tree of Life. Her rites are the works of love and pain, sex and transgression, transcendence and immanence, for she exists at the roots of all desire of all humans past, present, and future. This archetype has never been fully grasped in its profundity and is constantly unfolding, challenging us to recognize our fears and passions and to transform them into tools of power. In this book you will find personal accounts of practitioners who ventured into the sacred and unholy garden of the Dark Queen of Sitra Ahra and returned transformed and empowered by her gnosis. Spells and invocations, dream magic and guided meditations, visions and stories of intimate encounters with Lilith - all this is contained in this unique anthology, written from the perspective of the Left Hand Path and the Draconian Tradition. Compiled and edited by Asenath Mason, the book contains articles and contributions from Ahohlan Castart�, Alisa Jones, Bill Duvendack, Edgar Kerval, Kai'Nathera, Katie Anderson, Leonard Dewar, Lucien von Wolfe, Mike King, Martha Gray, Nemo.V, and Selene-Lilith.
Ritual Medical Lore of Sephardic Women
Author: Isaac Jack Lévy
Publisher: University of Illinois Press
ISBN: 9780252026973
Category : Europe
Languages : en
Pages : 292
Book Description
Winner of the Ellii Kongas-Maranda Prize from the Women's Section of the American Folklore Society, 2003. Ritual Medical Lore of Sephardic Women preserves the precious remnants of a rich culture on the verge of extinction while affirming women's pivotal role in the health of their communities. Centered around extensive interviews with elders of the Sephardic communities of the former Ottoman Empire, this volume illuminates a fascinating complex of preventive and curative rituals conducted by women at home--rituals that ensured the physical and spiritual well-being of the community and functioned as a vital counterpart to the public rites conducted by men in the synagogues. Isaac Jack Lévy and Rosemary Lévy Zumwalt take us into the homes and families of Sephardim in Turkey, Israel, Greece, the former Yugoslavia, and the United States to unravel the ancient practices of domestic healing: the network of blessings and curses tailored to every occasion of daily life; the beliefs and customs surrounding mal ojo (evil eye), espanto (fright), and echizo (witchcraft); and cures involving everything from herbs, oil, and sugar to the powerful mumia (mummy) made from dried bones of corpses. For the Sephardim, curing an illness required discovering its spiritual cause, which might be unintentional thought or speech, accident, or magical incantation. The healing rituals of domesticated medicine provided a way of making sense of illness and a way of shaping behavior to fit the narrow constraints of a tightly structured community. Tapping a rich and irreplaceable vein of oral testimony, Ritual Medical Lore of Sephardic Women offers fascinating insight into a culture where profound spirituality permeated every aspect of daily life.
Publisher: University of Illinois Press
ISBN: 9780252026973
Category : Europe
Languages : en
Pages : 292
Book Description
Winner of the Ellii Kongas-Maranda Prize from the Women's Section of the American Folklore Society, 2003. Ritual Medical Lore of Sephardic Women preserves the precious remnants of a rich culture on the verge of extinction while affirming women's pivotal role in the health of their communities. Centered around extensive interviews with elders of the Sephardic communities of the former Ottoman Empire, this volume illuminates a fascinating complex of preventive and curative rituals conducted by women at home--rituals that ensured the physical and spiritual well-being of the community and functioned as a vital counterpart to the public rites conducted by men in the synagogues. Isaac Jack Lévy and Rosemary Lévy Zumwalt take us into the homes and families of Sephardim in Turkey, Israel, Greece, the former Yugoslavia, and the United States to unravel the ancient practices of domestic healing: the network of blessings and curses tailored to every occasion of daily life; the beliefs and customs surrounding mal ojo (evil eye), espanto (fright), and echizo (witchcraft); and cures involving everything from herbs, oil, and sugar to the powerful mumia (mummy) made from dried bones of corpses. For the Sephardim, curing an illness required discovering its spiritual cause, which might be unintentional thought or speech, accident, or magical incantation. The healing rituals of domesticated medicine provided a way of making sense of illness and a way of shaping behavior to fit the narrow constraints of a tightly structured community. Tapping a rich and irreplaceable vein of oral testimony, Ritual Medical Lore of Sephardic Women offers fascinating insight into a culture where profound spirituality permeated every aspect of daily life.
Tree of Qliphoth
Author: Asenath Mason
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781530016327
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 234
Book Description
"Tree of Qliphoth" is the third anthology by the Temple of Ascending Flame, exploring the dark side of the Qabalistic Tree as a map of Draconian Initiation. In essays, rituals and other expressions of personal research and experience, magicians and initiates of the Draconian Tradition discuss the realms of the Nightside, teachings and gnosis of its dark denizens, as well as practical methods developed both within the Temple and through their individual work. Material included in this book will give the reader a foretaste of these forces and a glimpse of what you can expect while embarking on the self-initiatory journey through the labyrinths of the Dark Tree. Compiled and edited by Asenath Mason, the book contains contributions from active magicians, students, and practitioners of the Left Hand Path: Rev Bill Duvendack, Edgar Kerval, Christiane Kliemannel, Pairika-Eva Borowska, M. King, Calia van de Reyn, Leonard Dewar, Mafra Lunanigra, N.A: O, S.TZE. Swan, and Zeis Araujo.
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781530016327
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 234
Book Description
"Tree of Qliphoth" is the third anthology by the Temple of Ascending Flame, exploring the dark side of the Qabalistic Tree as a map of Draconian Initiation. In essays, rituals and other expressions of personal research and experience, magicians and initiates of the Draconian Tradition discuss the realms of the Nightside, teachings and gnosis of its dark denizens, as well as practical methods developed both within the Temple and through their individual work. Material included in this book will give the reader a foretaste of these forces and a glimpse of what you can expect while embarking on the self-initiatory journey through the labyrinths of the Dark Tree. Compiled and edited by Asenath Mason, the book contains contributions from active magicians, students, and practitioners of the Left Hand Path: Rev Bill Duvendack, Edgar Kerval, Christiane Kliemannel, Pairika-Eva Borowska, M. King, Calia van de Reyn, Leonard Dewar, Mafra Lunanigra, N.A: O, S.TZE. Swan, and Zeis Araujo.
Hecate
Author: Asenath Mason
Publisher: Independently Published
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 222
Book Description
Hecate is a goddess of witchcraft, lunar magic, and necromancy. She appears with torches in her hands, accompanied by howling dogs, serpents, and ghosts of the dead - terrifying retinue that roams the land under the cloak of the night. Her powers are many, and her cult involves both life and death - mystical transformation through the ultimate rite of passage and rebirth in the womb of the earth. She is benevolent and generous, both to nature and her worshippers, as well as ruthless and responsible for all nocturnal atrocities and rites of malefica. In ancient times she was believed to endow witches with the power over the forces of nature, reveal secrets of herbs and poisonous plants, and introduce her followers to mysteries of lycanthropy and shape-shifting.In the Draconian Tradition, she is the guardian of the mystical point of crossing, where all worlds, planes, and dimensions meet and intersect. Initiation into her path involves the descent into inner darkness, the personal "underworld," where knowledge of ourselves and our universe lies concealed, waiting to be rediscovered. She is the first initiatrix, the psychopomp, and the sentinel who meets the aspiring Initiate at the Crossroads of the Worlds, leading us into the Womb of the Dragon through the gateways of the Nightside.This anthology contains all those portrayals of Hecate and many more, introducing the reader to the magic and mythology of this mysterious goddess. Here you will find descriptions of personal gnosis revealed through the work of authors featured in this book, as well as references to her appearance in ancient lore and magic of old times. Like the other anthologies by the Temple of Ascending Flame, all this is written from the perspective of the Draconian Initiate, involving a modern approach suitable for the practitioner of the Left Hand Path.Edited and compiled by Asenath Mason, it includes essays and articles by Bill Duvendack, Mike Musoke, Denerah Erzebet, Keona Kai'Nathera, Edgar Kerval, Selene-Lilith vel Belayla Rakoczy, Roberto Ruiz Blum, Inara Cauldwell, Satoriel Abraxas, Noctulius Isaac, and a special contribution from Jack Grayle.
Publisher: Independently Published
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 222
Book Description
Hecate is a goddess of witchcraft, lunar magic, and necromancy. She appears with torches in her hands, accompanied by howling dogs, serpents, and ghosts of the dead - terrifying retinue that roams the land under the cloak of the night. Her powers are many, and her cult involves both life and death - mystical transformation through the ultimate rite of passage and rebirth in the womb of the earth. She is benevolent and generous, both to nature and her worshippers, as well as ruthless and responsible for all nocturnal atrocities and rites of malefica. In ancient times she was believed to endow witches with the power over the forces of nature, reveal secrets of herbs and poisonous plants, and introduce her followers to mysteries of lycanthropy and shape-shifting.In the Draconian Tradition, she is the guardian of the mystical point of crossing, where all worlds, planes, and dimensions meet and intersect. Initiation into her path involves the descent into inner darkness, the personal "underworld," where knowledge of ourselves and our universe lies concealed, waiting to be rediscovered. She is the first initiatrix, the psychopomp, and the sentinel who meets the aspiring Initiate at the Crossroads of the Worlds, leading us into the Womb of the Dragon through the gateways of the Nightside.This anthology contains all those portrayals of Hecate and many more, introducing the reader to the magic and mythology of this mysterious goddess. Here you will find descriptions of personal gnosis revealed through the work of authors featured in this book, as well as references to her appearance in ancient lore and magic of old times. Like the other anthologies by the Temple of Ascending Flame, all this is written from the perspective of the Draconian Initiate, involving a modern approach suitable for the practitioner of the Left Hand Path.Edited and compiled by Asenath Mason, it includes essays and articles by Bill Duvendack, Mike Musoke, Denerah Erzebet, Keona Kai'Nathera, Edgar Kerval, Selene-Lilith vel Belayla Rakoczy, Roberto Ruiz Blum, Inara Cauldwell, Satoriel Abraxas, Noctulius Isaac, and a special contribution from Jack Grayle.