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Author: Milind Watve Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461444098 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 386
Book Description
Darwinian medicine looks at the ecological and evolutionary roots of disease. A disease is an interaction between a genome and its biotic or abiotic environment and therefore a disease is essentially an ecological process. Good understanding of ecology and a Darwinian way of thinking can give us novel and useful perspectives on health and disease. If we understand the disease process better, we can certainly prevent, control as well as treat diseases in a better way. Although the thought that the origins of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) might lie in our hunter gatherer adaptations is not new, research over the last decade makes us rethink many of the classical concepts. Brain and behavior is increasingly being recognized as central to all the endocrine, metabolic and immunological changes that earmark type 2 diabetes and other metabolic syndrome disorders. A major change in paradigm appears to be on the horizon and the proposed book intends to speed up the paradigm shift by raising important questions, pointing out flaws and inadequacies in the prevalent paradigm and stimulating radical rethinking which would redirect and refine the line of research as well as bring some fundamental changes in drug discovery and clinical practice.
Author: Milind Watve Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461444098 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 386
Book Description
Darwinian medicine looks at the ecological and evolutionary roots of disease. A disease is an interaction between a genome and its biotic or abiotic environment and therefore a disease is essentially an ecological process. Good understanding of ecology and a Darwinian way of thinking can give us novel and useful perspectives on health and disease. If we understand the disease process better, we can certainly prevent, control as well as treat diseases in a better way. Although the thought that the origins of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) might lie in our hunter gatherer adaptations is not new, research over the last decade makes us rethink many of the classical concepts. Brain and behavior is increasingly being recognized as central to all the endocrine, metabolic and immunological changes that earmark type 2 diabetes and other metabolic syndrome disorders. A major change in paradigm appears to be on the horizon and the proposed book intends to speed up the paradigm shift by raising important questions, pointing out flaws and inadequacies in the prevalent paradigm and stimulating radical rethinking which would redirect and refine the line of research as well as bring some fundamental changes in drug discovery and clinical practice.
Author: Raj S. Bhopal Publisher: ISBN: 0198833245 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 385
Book Description
In South Asian's, the cardiovascular diseases of stroke and coronary heart disease (CVD) are epidemic, and diabetes mellitus (type 2) is pandemic. This book presents a synthesis that can help guide prevention, clinical care and research.
Author: Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0444639691 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 514
Book Description
Disease Modelling and Public Health, Part A, Volume 36 addresses new challenges in existing and emerging diseases with a variety of comprehensive chapters that cover Infectious Disease Modeling, Bayesian Disease Mapping for Public Health, Real time estimation of the case fatality ratio and risk factor of death, Alternative Sampling Designs for Time-To-Event Data with Applications to Biomarker Discovery in Alzheimer's Disease, Dynamic risk prediction for cardiovascular disease: An illustration using the ARIC Study, Theoretical advances in type 2 diabetes, Finite Mixture Models in Biostatistics, and Models of Individual and Collective Behavior for Public Health Epidemiology. As a two part volume, the series covers an extensive range of techniques in the field. It present a vital resource for statisticians who need to access a number of different methods for assessing epidemic spread in population, or in formulating public health policy. - Presents a comprehensive, two-part volume written by leading subject experts - Provides a unique breadth and depth of content coverage - Addresses the most cutting-edge developments in the field - Includes chapters on Ebola and the Zika virus; topics which have grown in prominence and scholarly output
Author: Michael E. Symonds Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319520318 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 459
Book Description
The past decade has seen an exponential increase in our knowledge and understanding of adipose tissue biology. This has coincided with the continued rise in obesity across all generations. Clearly despite substantial advances in research into adipose tissue this still has had limited impact on the on-going obesity epidemic across a majority of countries in the world. This book brings together many leading experts in the field to provide an up to date and comprehensive review of the key aspects of adipose tissue. It therefore includes chapters on evolution, development and inflammation together with a detailed review of brown and beige adipose tissue biology and their potential significance in preventing or combating obesity. These chapters are complemented by those on genetics and gender influences, together with nutrition through the life cycle. Ultimately the book provides an overview of the complexities of adipose tissue biology and the continuing challenge to combat obesity in the 21st century.
Author: Jay Schulkin Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0192543903 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 288
Book Description
Clinicians and scientists are increasingly recognising the importance of an evolutionary perspective in studying the aetiology, prevention, and treatment of human disease; the growing prominence of genetics in medicine is further adding to the interest in evolutionary medicine. In spite of this, too few medical students or residents study evolution. This book builds a compelling case for integrating evolutionary biology into undergraduate and postgraduate medical education, as well as its intrinsic value to medicine. Chapter by chapter, the authors - experts in anthropology, biology, ecology, physiology, public health, and various disciplines of medicine - present the rationale for clinically-relevant evolutionary thinking. They achieve this within the broader context of medicine but through the focused lens of maternal and child health, with an emphasis on female reproduction and the early-life biochemical, immunological, and microbial responses influenced by evolution. The tightly woven and accessible narrative illustrates how a medical education that considers evolved traits can deepen our understanding of the complexities of the human body, variability in health, susceptibility to disease, and ultimately help guide treatment, prevention, and public health policy. However, integrating evolutionary biology into medical education continues to face several roadblocks. The medical curriculum is already replete with complex subjects and a long period of training. The addition of an evolutionary perspective to this curriculum would certainly seem daunting, and many medical educators express concern over potential controversy if evolution is introduced into the curriculum of their schools. Medical education urgently needs strategies and teaching aids to lower the barriers to incorporating evolution into medical training. In summary, this call to arms makes a strong case for incorporating evolutionary thinking early in medical training to help guide the types of critical questions physicians ask, or should be asking. It will be of relevance and use to evolutionary biologists, physicians, medical students, and biomedical research scientists.
Author: Kimberly A. Plomp Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 019258961X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 400
Book Description
Evolutionary medicine has been steadily gaining recognition, not only in modern clinical research and practice, but also in bioarchaeology (the study of archaeological human remains) and especially its sub-discipline, palaeopathology. To date, however, palaeopathology has not been necessarily recognised as particularly useful to the field and most key texts in evolutionary medicine have tended to overlook it. This novel text is the first to highlight the benefits of using palaeopathological research to answer questions about the evolution of disease and its application to current health problems, as well as the benefits of using evolutionary thinking in medicine to help interpret historical disease processes. It presents hypothesis-driven research by experts in biological anthropology (including palaeopathology), medicine, health sciences, and evolutionary medicine through a series of unique case studies that address specific research questions. Each chapter has been co-authored by two or more researchers with different disciplinary perspectives in order to provide original, insightful, and interdisciplinary contributions that will provide new insights for both palaeopathology and evolutionary medicine. Palaeopathology and Evolutionary Medicine is intended for graduate level students and professional researchers in a wide range of fields including the humanities (history), social sciences (anthropology, archaeology, palaeopathology, geography), and life sciences (medicine and biology). Relevant courses include evolutionary medicine, evolutionary anthropology, medical anthropology, and palaeopathology.
Author: Jonathan C. K. Wells Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1316679365 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 625
Book Description
Chronic diseases have rapidly become the leading global cause of morbidity and mortality, yet there is poor understanding of this transition, or why particular social and ethnic groups are especially susceptible. In this book, Wells adopts a multidisciplinary approach to human nutrition, emphasising how power relations shape the physiological pathways to obesity, diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Part I reviews the physiological basis of chronic diseases, presenting a 'capacity-load' model that integrates the nutritional contributions of developmental experience and adult lifestyle. Part II presents an evolutionary perspective on the sensitivity of human metabolism to ecological stresses, highlighting how social hierarchy impacts metabolism on an intergenerational timescale. Part III reviews how nutrition has changed over time, as societies evolved and coalesced towards a single global economic system. Part IV integrates these physiological, evolutionary and politico-economic perspectives in a unifying framework, to deepen our understanding of the societal basis of metabolic ill-health.
Author: C.C. Kartha Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319603248 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 574
Book Description
This book intends to bring together, a panel of renowned experts in the field of vascular biology and diabetology, to integrate the current understanding of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of vascular diseases in diabetes mellitus. This attempt is significant given the increasing interest in this area as the prevalence of vascular diseases continues to escalate globally. Patients with diabetes are at a higher risk of structural and functional changes in all vessel walls of the human body. Vascular complications of diabetes are leading causes for both morbidity and mortality. In recent years, several articles have focused on advancing our knowledge on the profound effect of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance on building up vascular wall inflammation leading to endothelial dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus Other reports have elaborated on the various disorders, hyperglycemia can lead to, their therapies, adverse effects and complications. There are also studies that highlight the role of factors that induce vascular wall alterations in hyperglycemia. In this book, we attempt to discuss vascular disease progression in diabetes with a unique approach. We attempt to provide a complete perspective of the pathophysiology of vascular complications and then dissect each of the factors that play a key role in accelerating vascular wall alterations in diabetes. Each of these factors has been adversely implicated in the initiation and progression of disease to a large extent. In this collection for the first time all these factors would be described under a common canopy. Further, the text would emphasize on pathogenesis of micro vascular complications of diabetes, such as retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy. Pharmacological therapies for treating vascular dysfunction in diabetes mellitus would also be reviewed. This compendium hopefully would be an invaluable replacement to scores of literature on diabetic vascular disease and would be of great interest to clinicians, academicians, medical students and researchers. The book will be divided into seven sections, each emphasizing a common incentive to development of vascular disease in diabetes. Section I deals with pathophysiology of diabetic vascular disease, beginning with an update on the global burden of diabetes mellitus and its vascular complications. The pathophysiology and pathogenesis of diabetes associated macrovasculopathy, how hyperglycemia functions as an atherogenic factor, effects of hyperglycemia on smooth muscle accumulation in vascular lesions and genetic susceptibility for increased risk of vascular disease in diabetes will be discussed in the following chapters of this section. The next section (Section II) surveys the process of endothelial dysfunction under hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinemia and their effects on angiogenesis, vascular remodeling and wound healing. A chapter is also dedicated to the endothelial progenitor cell population and its dysfunction during development of vascular complications in diabetes. Section III will highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction, various pathways such as nitric oxide synthase pathway, oxidative stress pathway, renin – angiotensin system and increased vascular superoxide production in the initiation and progression of vascular disease in diabetes. This section also covers role of endothelin, monocyte derived cytokines, peroxynitrate and adipokines in macrovascular complications of diabetes. Metabolic factors such as advanced glycation end products, atherogenic dyslipoproteinaemia, and homocysteine will be reviewed in Section IV, whereas an overview of the hemostatic factors such as platelet dysfunction, hyperglycaemia induced thrombin formation and aberrant clot lysis will be dwelled upon in Section V.Section VI includes chapters on microvascular complications of diabetes which encompasses long term complications of diabetes affecting small blood vessels of the eye, kidneys and nervous system. The pathogenesis and mechanisms of these complications would be detailed here. The final section (Section VII) of the book will consider mechanism of action of drugs for treating endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus which would elaborate on lipid regulating therapies such as statins, as well as other therapies such as ACE inhibitors, Angiotensin II receptors, insulin, metformin and their effects on enhancing vascular function in diabetes.“/div>divWe intend to invite authors who symbolize a multidisciplinary approach to this complicated disease. The proposed authors include clinicians who understand the trend of vascular complications in their long term clientele, epidemiologists with a holistic view, basic and experimental researchers with years of experience in dissecting the factors leading to endothelial dysfunction and clinical researchers with the skill of translating bench work to the bedside. We expect this book will be of significant value and interest to the same group of clinicians, researchers, post doctoral fellows and medical and non medical graduate students. The novel assimilated insights could stimulate development of mechanism based prevention and therapeutic strategies providing a promising option to limit cardiovascular complications in diabetes mellitus.
Author: Rex E. Bills Publisher: American Federation of Astr ISBN: 086690431X Category : Body, Mind & Spirit Languages : en Pages : 458
Book Description
This volume, a directory of astrological correspondences, is the result of a research project that drew together the thoughts of many others into a reference book, assuming the role of a dictionary to astrologers, but vastly more complete. It is the only place where all sign, planetary and house rulerships have been brought together and put in a good workable order. It is organized in such a way that one can use the book for quick and easy reference, and it eliminates the need to search through various other volumes. In four parts: an alphabetical listing, a listing by planets, a listing by signs, a listing by houses. Plus an Appendix with special listings: principal bones of the body, principal veins of the body, chart of an organization, flavors and handwriting forms. Enthusiastically endorsed and used by professionals and students alike, no reference library is complete without this best-selling volume.
Author: Milind Watve
Author: Milind Watve
Author: Raj S. Bhopal
Author: 
Author: Michael E. Symonds
Author: Jay Schulkin
Author: Kimberly A. Plomp
Author: Jonathan C. K. Wells
Author: Margaret Ann Richek
Author: C.C. Kartha
Author: Rex E. Bills