Dollar GNP Estimates for China PDF Download

Author: Jeffrey R. Taylor
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Gross national product
Languages : en
Pages : 98

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Book Description

Author: Maddison Angus
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264163557
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 196

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Book Description
The study provides a major reassessment of the scale and scope of China’s resurgence over the past half century, employing quantitative measurement techniques which are standard practice in OECD countries, but which have not hitherto been available for China.

Author: Congressional Research Service
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781976466953
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 52

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Book Description
Prior to the initiation of economic reforms and trade liberalization 36 years ago, China maintained policies that kept the economy very poor, stagnant, centrally-controlled, vastly inefficient, and relatively isolated from the global economy. Since opening up to foreign trade and investment and implementing free market reforms in 1979, China has been among the world's fastest-growing economies, with real annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth averaging nearly 10% through 2016. In recent years, China has emerged as a major global economic power. It is now the world's largest economy (on a purchasing power parity basis), manufacturer, merchandise trader, and holder of foreign exchange reserves.The global economic crisis that began in 2008 greatly affected China's economy. China's exports, imports, and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows declined, GDP growth slowed, and millions of Chinese workers reportedly lost their jobs. The Chinese government responded by implementing a $586 billion economic stimulus package and loosening monetary policies to increase bank lending. Such policies enabled China to effectively weather the effects of the sharp global fall in demand for Chinese products, but may have contributed to overcapacity in several industries and increased debt by Chinese firms and local government. China's economy has slowed in recent years. Real GDP growth has slowed in each of the past six years, dropping from 10.6% in 2010 to 6.7% in 2016, and is projected to slow to 5.7% by 2022.The Chinese government has attempted to steer the economy to a "new normal" of slower, but more stable and sustainable, economic growth. Yet, concerns have deepened in recent years over the health of the Chinese economy. On August 11, 2015, the Chinese government announced that the daily reference rate of the renminbi (RMB) would become more "market-oriented." Over the next three days, the RMB depreciated against the dollar and led to charges that China's goal was to boost exports to help stimulate the economy (which some suspect is in worse shape than indicated by official Chinese economic statistics). Concerns over the state of the Chinese economy appear to have often contributed to volatility in global stock indexes in recent years.The ability of China to maintain a rapidly growing economy in the long run will likely depend largely on the ability of the Chinese government to implement comprehensive economic reforms that more quickly hasten China's transition to a free market economy; rebalance the Chinese economy by making consumer demand, rather than exporting and fixed investment, the main engine of economic growth; boost productivity and innovation; address growing income disparities; and enhance environmental protection. The Chinese government has acknowledged that its current economic growth model needs to be altered and has announced several initiatives to address various economic challenges. In November 2013, the Communist Party of China held the Third Plenum of its 18th Party Congress, which outlined a number of broad policy reforms to boost competition and economic efficiency. For example, the communique stated that the market would now play a "decisive" role in allocating resources in the economy. At the same time, however, the communique emphasized the continued important role of the state sector in China's economy. In addition, many foreign firms have complained that the business climate in China has worsened in recent years. Thus, it remains unclear how committed the Chinese government is to implementing new comprehensive economic reforms.China's economic rise has significant implications for the United States and hence is of major interest to Congress. This report provides background on China's economic rise; describes its current economic structure; identifies the challenges China faces to maintain economic growth; and discusses the challenges, opportunities, and implications of China's economic rise.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Armed Forces
Languages : en
Pages : 210

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Author:
Publisher: Government Printing Office
ISBN: 9780160511905
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 212

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Book Description
State Department Publication 10986. 28th edition. Provides statistical information on military expenditures, arms transfers, armed forces, and related economic data for 172 countries, 1989-1999. Contains tables ranking countries by each variable in 1999. Also known by its initials, WMEAT.

Author: Vaclav Smil
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1315288397
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 291

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Book Description
In 1982, Vaclav Smil turned upside down traditional perceptions of China as a green paradise in "The Bad Earth", a disturbing book. This new volume, drawn on a much broader canvas, updates and expands on the basic arguments and perceptions of "The Bad Earth". This book is not a systematic litany of what went wrong and how much - but rather an inquiry into the fundamental factors, needs, prospects, and limits of modern Chinese society, all seen through the critical environmental constraints and impacts.

Author: United States. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 540

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Book Description

Author: United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee. Subcommittee on Technology and National Security
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : China
Languages : en
Pages : 452

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Book Description

Author: United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee. Subcommittee on Priorities and Economy in Government
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : China
Languages : en
Pages : 454

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Book Description

Author:
Publisher: Government Printing Office
ISBN: 9780160503849
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 220

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Book Description
NOTE: NO FURTHER DISCOUNT FOR THIS PRINT PRODUCT--OVERSTOCK SALE -- Significantly reduced list price while supplies last This 27th issue of World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers (WMEAT) is published by the Department of State, following its merger with the previous publisher, the former U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. The report covers 1987 to 1997, from the final years of the Berlin Wall through eight succeeding years. Thus, it depicts the transition from the Cold War in statistical terms. The report shows that military spending in developing countries has been increasing since 1995, while that in developed countries may have reached the end of its decline. Arms imports of both groups have been increasing since 1994 and particularly in the last year. While armed forces continued to contract in the developed group, those of the developing group appear to have stabilized. Regional data reveal some arresting trends, including sharp advances in military spending and arms imports in East Asia, South America, and North Africa. The individual countries causing the trends are of course shown in the data. Indicators of military burden, such as the ratio of military spending to GNP, appear to have generally leveled and reached the bottom of their post-Cold War decline. They may be poised to rise again, and even the present levels are too high in many places in the developing world. The report shows that the work of arms control, non-proliferation, and disarmament cannot be relaxed, and indeed, greater efforts are needed now and in the future.