Does Tenure Insecurity Explain the Variations in Land-related Investment Decisions in Rural Ethiopia? PDF Download

Author: Muna Shifa
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781928281115
Category : Land reform
Languages : en
Pages : 28

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"We examine the relationship between land tenure security and land-related investments in rural Ethiopia. We control for both household heterogeneity and possible endogeneity of tenure security in estimating the impact of tenure security on investment. Empirical results show that variations in levels of tenure security do not explain the observed differences in investment behaviour among farm households in rural Ethiopia. In contrast, land size, access to labour and extension services, and location are seen to be important determinants of land-related investments. The results suggest that without addressing other barriers to investment, land reforms (titling) may not be sufficient to improve land-related investments."--page [1].

Author: Madhur Gautam
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 31

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This paper provides evidence from one of the poorest countries of the world that the property rights matter for efficiency, investment, and growth. With all land state-owned, the threat of land redistribution never appears far off the agenda. Land rental and leasing have been made legal, but transfer rights remain restricted and the perception of continuing tenure insecurity remains quite strong. Using a unique panel data set, this study investigates whether transfer rights and tenure insecurity affect household investment decisions, focusing on trees and shrubs. The panel data estimates suggest that limited perceived transfer rights, and the threat of expropriation, negatively affect long-term investment in Ethiopian agriculture, contributing to the low returns from land and perpetuating low growth and poverty.

Author: Daniel Ayalew Ali
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 31

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Book Description
This paper provides evidence from one of the poorest countries of the world that the property rights matter for efficiency, investment, and growth. With all land state-owned, the threat of land redistribution never appears far off the agenda. Land rental and leasing have been made legal, but transfer rights remain restricted and the perception of continuing tenure insecurity remains quite strong. Using a unique panel data set, this study investigates whether transfer rights and tenure insecurity affect household investment decisions, focusing on trees and shrubs. The panel data estimates suggest that limited perceived transfer rights, and the threat of expropriation, negatively affect long-term investment in Ethiopian agriculture, contributing to the low returns from land and perpetuating low growth and poverty.

Author: Klaus W. Deininger
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural productivity
Languages : en
Pages : 40

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Author: Klaus Deininger
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 29

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The authors use a large data set from Ethiopia that differentiates tenure security and transferability to explore determinants of different types of land-related investment and its possible impact on productivity. While they find some support for endogeneity of investment in trees, this is not the case for terraces. Transfer rights are unambiguously investment-enhancing. The large productivity effect of terracing implies that, even where households undertake investments to increase their tenure security, this may not be socially efficient. In Ethiopia, government action to increase tenure security and transferability of land rights can significantly enhance rural investment and productivity.This paper - a product of Rural Development, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to assess the impact of land policy on equity and productive development.

Author: Brightman Gebremichael Ganta
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
In this thesis I examine the extent of legal protection afforded peasants℗þ and pastoralists℗þ secure of land tenure in post-1991 Ethiopia. To this end, I analyse constitutions, laws, policy documents, judicial decisions, constitutional interpretations as well as the literature, critically. The prevailing premise in academic discourse is that land tenure security is realized when the landholder is granted an adequate number of rights in land; with longer duration; deprivation of land rights for greater societal interest occurs only in terms of due process of law and upon payment of adequate compensation; enforcement of land rights through an independent judiciary is affordable, and there is participatory and low-cost registration and certification of rights. I argue instead that the components of tenure security are not formulated comprehensively and clearly nor defined contextualised to different landholding systems. This is because of the prevalence of\ variations in understanding the concept itself; the assumption that private land ownership best guarantees land tenure security; a view of security of tenure as one set of rights in the bundle of rights property metaphor; and a piecemeal approach to studying each construct of tenure security. I also argue that the notion of land tenure security is broader than a single set of rights and should be studied in a holistic approach separated from land ownership discourse. The extent of legal protection should be formulated taking into account the nature of landholding systems, extent of dependency on land rights and the historical land question, as land rights are central to political movements in Ethiopia. As perpetuation of land tenure insecurity prevails in the making of law, provision of constitutional protections founded on the aforementioned factors and adoption of a constitutional interpretation approach that seeks to enhance land tenure security are also essential. Academic and policy discourses on land tenure security in post-1991 Ethiopia℗þs predominately centre on the land ownership dichotomy. Some claim the ©Ø2́Ơ¿3people℗þs and state ownership of land©Ø2́Ơ℗+ adopted in the constitution of the country aims to ensure land tenure security of peasants and pastoralists. Others argue that it is a source of land tenure insecurity as it empowers government to exercise political control over landholders as in past political regimes. Both sides fail to take the nature of constitutional protections afforded peasants℗þ and pastoralists℗þ land rights seriously, unnecessarily focusing on the ownership deliberation. I argue that a regionalized understanding of the nature of ownership adopted in state constitutions forms an ethnic base, and has implications for displacement of peasants and pastoralists from other states. Absence of clear constitutional demarcation of federal and state power over land contributes to power competition between the two levels of government and contradictory legal pluralism, which makes landholders uncertainty of their land rights. Furthermore, I argue that subordinate legislation do not translate constitutional protections and do not define legal constructs sufficiently to ensure land tenure security for peasants and pastoralists. Besides, judicial practice and constitutional interpretation tend to abridge rather than promote their security of land tenure.

Author: Sandra F. Joireman
Publisher: Universal-Publishers
ISBN: 1581120001
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 352

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Book Description
Traditional theories of property rights change have posited an evolutionary progression of property rights towards private property in response to changes in the relative price ratio of land compared to the other factors of production. Using case studies from two areas of Ethiopia and one area of Eritrea the dissertation demonstrates the role of political factors such as interest group preference and state intervention in directing property rights development away from a linear path. The case studies trace the development of three separate systems of property rights throughout the twentieth century up to the Ethiopian revolution of 1974. Analysis of history and litigation in the three areas demonstrates that in none did property rights evolve spontaneously towards privatization. In one area of the study relative price changes did not lead to changes in the system of property rights as the theory predicts. In the other two areas, changes in property rights followed a change in the relative price of land, but these changes were brought about exogenously, by the intervention of the government or interest groups in guiding property rights in a particular direction. There are two theoretical conclusions to the study 1) property rights development does not always occur when we expect it to, other factors such as vested interests and government reluctance can intervene with their development and 2) even if property rights do change in response to relative price changes, they may not always move towards privatization or greater specification. In addition, one interesting empirical result of the research was that in communal systems of land tenure the transaction costs of land transfer are higher, leading to a drag on economic efficiency in the overall economy of the region. Generally, the incorporation of political factors into the model of changing property rights leads to a less parsimonious, but more accurate description of the progression of land rights in developing countries in particular.

Author: Stein T Holden
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136523537
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 337

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Book Description
This book is the first systematic attempt to address emerging land markets and their implications for poverty, equity, and efficiency across a number of African countries. The high incidence of poverty and the need for increased agricultural productivity remain acute in rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa, where a lack of secure land rights and a growing scarcity of land relative to the size of the population are becoming increasingly critical issues. Indeed, land issues in the region are high on the international policy agenda. Yet our knowledge about land tenure security and other rural factor markets (such as labor, oxen, manure, purchased inputs, and credit) is far from adequate to formulate sensible policies. The case studies in the book show that, while land markets and especially informal markets have been rapidly emerging in densely populated parts of Africa - and have generally been to the benefit of the poor--their functions remain imperfect. This is due to policy-induced tenure insecurity and the fragmentation of agricultural land. Applying rigorous quantitative analyses, the book provides a basis for taking into account the role of land markets in national land policies. All too often, the authors argue, land policies have been extreme, either prohibiting all land transactions or giving unrestricted freehold rights to a small elite at the expense of the poor. From the long experience in Asia, it is known that such policies are detrimental to both production efficiency and equity of land use. The authors argue that future policies in Africa should work with the markets. Regulations should be imposed only with careful testing that they are having the intended effects. The Emergence of Land Markets in Africa is a resource for teaching in developed and developing countries, as it provides both comprehensive reviews of the literature and detailed case studies. It is intended to facilitate the dialogue between researchers and policymakers, as well as inspire researchers to go further in their investigations and build an even stronger basis for good policies. The Emergence of Land Markets in Africa is the first publication in the new Environment for Development (EfD) book series. EfD books focus on research and applications in environmental and natural resource economics as they are relevant to poverty reduction and environmental problems in developing countries. The EfD book series is part of the EfD initiative. (www.environmentfordevelopment.org)

Author: Samuel Benin
Publisher: ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD)
ISBN: 9789291461134
Category : Agricultural productivity
Languages : en
Pages : 78

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Author: Daniel G. Maxwell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 48

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