Documents diplomatiques et consulaires relatifs à l'histoire du Liban: Consulat de Beyrouth PDF Download

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Category : Diplomatic and consular service, Lebanese
Languages : fr
Pages : 498

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Author: William W. Harris
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0195181115
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 388

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The book explores the affairs of Mount Lebanon and its surrounds through fourteen centuries, beginning with the emergence of its Christian, Muslim and Islamic-derived communities between the sixth and eleventh centuries. Against this backdrop, it interprets the modern republic of Lebanon from Ottoman antecedents to present day crises.

Author: William Harris
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199986584
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 387

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In this impressive synthesis, William Harris narrates the history of the sectarian communities of Mount Lebanon and its vicinity. He offers a fresh perspective on the antecedents of modern multi-communal Lebanon, tracing the consolidation of Lebanon's Christian, Muslim, and Islamic derived sects from their origins between the sixth and eleventh centuries. The identities of Maronite Christians, Twelver Shia Muslims, and Druze, the mountain communities, developed alongside assertions of local chiefs under external powers from the Umayyads to the Ottomans. The chiefs began interacting in a common arena when Druze lord Fakhr al-Din Ma'n achieved domination of the mountain within the Ottoman imperial framework in the early seventeenth century. Harris knits together the subsequent interplay of the elite under the Sunni Muslim Shihab relatives of the Ma'ns after 1697 with demographic instability as Maronites overtook Shia as the largest community and expanded into Druze districts. By the 1840s many Maronites conceived the common arena as their patrimony. Maronite/Druze conflict ensued. Modern Lebanon arose out of European and Ottoman intervention in the 1860s to secure sectarian peace in a special province. In 1920, after the Ottoman collapse, France and the Maronites enlarged the province into the modern country, with a pluralism of communal minorities headed by Maronite Christians and Sunni Muslims. The book considers the flowering of this pluralism in the mid-twentieth century, and the strains of new demographic shifts and of social resentment in an open economy. External intrusions after the 1967 Arab-Israeli war rendered Lebanon's contradictions unmanageable and the country fell apart. Harris contends that Lebanon has not found a new equilibrium and has not transcended its sects. In the early twenty-first century there is an uneasy duality: Shia have largely recovered the weight they possessed in the sixteenth century, but Christians, Sunnis, and Druze are two-thirds of the country. This book offers readers a clear understanding of how modern Lebanon acquired its precarious social intricacy and its singular political character.

Author: Library of Congress. Library of Congress Office, Cairo
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Category : Arabic imprints
Languages : en
Pages : 712

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Serial supplement issued annually in July.

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Category : Diplomatic and consular service, Lebanese
Languages : fr
Pages : 520

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V.1 consulat de Seyde (1670-1735) -- V.2 consulat de Seyde (1735-1784) -- V.3 consulat de France à Seyde (1785-1822) et à Tripoly (1704-1762) -- V.4 consulat de France à Tripoly (1769-1815) -- V.5 consulats de France à Tripoly (1817-1840) et à Beyrout (1826-1840) -- V.6 consulat de France à Beyrouth (1840-1841) -- V.7 consulat de France à Beyrouth (1841-1844) -- V.8 consulat de France à Beyrouth (1844-1846) -- V.9 consulat général de France à Beyrouth (1846-1853) -- V.10 consulat général de France à Beyrouth (1853-1861) -- V.11 consulat général de France à Beyrouth (1861-1864) -- consulat général de France à Beyrouth -- V.12 consulat général de France à Beyrouth (1864-1867) -- V.13 consulat général de France à Beyrouth (1867-1878) -- V.14 consulat général de France à Beyrouth (1878-1883) -- V.15 consulat général de France à Beyrouth (1883-1890) -- V.16 consulat général de France à Beyrouth (1890-1897) -- V.17 consulat général de France à Beyrouth (1897-1907) -- V.18 consulat génér ...

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Category : Africa, North
Languages : en
Pages : 696

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Author: Barbara Henning
Publisher: University of Bamberg Press
ISBN: 3863095510
Category : Kurds
Languages : en
Pages : 758

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Author: Serge Morand
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400721145
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 335

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Book Description
Molecular epidemiology has recently broaden its focuses due to the development of molecular tools but also by incorporating advances of other fields such as mathematical epidemiology, molecular ecology, population genetics and evolution. Facing new risks of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases that are threats for humans and their livestock, the objectives of molecular epidemiology include: - the development of molecular tools, genotyping and gene expression - the incorporation of concepts and results of population genetics of infectious diseases - the integration of recent advances in theoretical epidemiology and evolutionary ecology of diseases - a better understanding of transmission for the development of risk factors analyses. This book will demonstrate how the latest developments in molecular tools and in epidemiology can be integrated with studies of host-pathogen interactions. Besides a strong theoretical component, there will also be an emphasis on applications in the fields of epidemiology, public health, veterinary medicine, and health ecology. Students and researchers in the fields of epidemiology, animal and human health, evolutionary ecology, parasitology are the main potential readers of the book, as well as a broader audience from veterinary medicine and conservation.

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Category : Diplomatic and consular service, Lebanese
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Author: Bernard Rougier
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 9780674025295
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 354

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As southern Lebanon becomes the latest battleground for Islamist warriors, Everyday Jihad plunges us into the sprawling, heavily populated Palestinian refugee camp at Ain al-Helweh, which in the early 1990s became a site for militant Sunni Islamists. A place of refuge for Arabs hunted down in their countries of origin and a recruitment ground for young disenfranchised Palestinians, the camp--where sheikhs began actively recruiting for jihad--situated itself in the global geography of radical Islam. With pioneering fieldwork, Bernard Rougier documents how Sunni fundamentalists, combining a literal interpretation of sacred texts with a militant interpretation of jihad, took root in this Palestinian milieu. By staying very close to the religious actors, their discourse, perceptions, and means of persuasion, Rougier helps us to understand how radical religious allegiances overcome traditional nationalist sentiment and how jihadist networks grab hold in communities marked by unemployment, poverty, and despair. With the emergence of Hezbollah, the Shiite political party and guerrilla army, at the forefront of Lebanese and regional politics, relations with the Palestinians will be decisive. The Palestinian camps of Lebanon, whose disarmament is called for by the international community, constitute a contentious arena for a multitude of players: Syria and Iran, Hezbollah and the Palestinian Authority, and Bin Laden and the late Zarqawi. Witnessing everyday jihad in their midst offers readers a rare glimpse into a microcosm of the religious, sectarian, and secular struggles for the political identity of the Middle East today.