DNA Methylation of the Dc8 Gene in Carrot (Daucus Carota L.) and Its Association with Development PDF Download

Author: Yuanxiang Zhou
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 204

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Author: Philipp Simon
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030033899
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 372

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This book provides an up-to-date review and analysis of the carrot’s nuclear and organellar genome structure and evolution. In addition, it highlights applications of carrot genomic information to elucidate the carrot’s natural and agricultural history, reproductive biology, and the genetic basis of traits important in agriculture and human health. The carrot genome was sequenced in 2016, and its relatively small diploid genome, combined with the fact that it is the most complete root crop genome released to date and the first-ever Euasterid II genome to be sequenced, mean the carrot has an important role in the study of plant development and evolution. In addition, the carrot is among the top ten vegetables grown worldwide, and the abundant orange provitamin A carotenoids that account for its familiar orange color make it the richest crop source of vitamin A in the US diet, and in much of the world. This book includes the latest genetic maps, genetic tools and resources, and covers advances in genetic engineering that are relevant for plant breeders and biologists alike.

Author: Shujun Chang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Carrots
Languages : en
Pages : 186

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Author: Kevin Michael Coe (Ph.D.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Carrot is among the richest sources of provitamin A beta-carotene in the human diet. Despite progress in breeding for increased beta-carotene content, relatively little is known about the origin of orange carrots and the genetics of carotenoid accumulation in carrot. The Y, Y2 and Or genes are the three genes associated with the accumulation of various carotenoids in carrot. Y controls the accumulation of all carotenoids, and Y2 controls the accumulation of beta-carotene. Or also controls the accumulation of beta-carotene, yet knowledge about its role in this process is limited. The motivation behind this work was to better understand the role of Or in promoting the accumulation of beta-carotene in carrot as well as identify the origin of orange carrots using genetic data. In addition to carrot, this work also investigates the polyploidization of switchgrass, a potential biofuel crop, by characterizing a retrotransposon family enriched in one of the two subgenomes. In order to address these research questions, an experimental mapping population was generated in which y and y2 were fixed in their homozygous recessive states and Or was segregating. Next, transcriptomes of carrots fixed for the two Or alleles were analyzed across three developmental timepoints. Finally, nearly 400 diverse resequenced carrots were surveyed for signatures of selection. Additionally, in order to characterize the polyploidization of switchgrass and improve the genome assembly, chromosomes were classified into their correct subgenome based on repeat content as well as the abundance of a novel retrotransposon family named Switch and time of polyploidization was estimated based on insertion times of intact retrotransposons. These findings lay the foundation for additional research in carrot and switchgrass, as well as the development of markers for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs.

Author: Bindiganavile Sampath Vivek
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 480

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Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Dissertation abstracts
Languages : en
Pages : 896

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Author: Moshe Szyf
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 038727443X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 253

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NA methylation has bewildered molecular biologists since Hotchkiss discovered it almost six decades ago (Hotchkiss RDJ. Biol Cem 1948; 175:315-332). The fact that the chemical structure of our D genome consists of two components that are covalently bound, the genetic information that is replicated by the DNA replication machinery ana DNA methylation that is maintainea by independent enzymatic machinery, has redictably stimulated the imagination and curiosity of generations of mo Edular biologists. An obvious question was whether DNA methylation was a bearer of additional information to the genetic information and what was the nature of this information? It was tempting to speculate that DNA me thylation applied some form of control over programming of the genome s expression profile. Once techniques to probe the methylation profile of whole genomes as well as specific genes became available, it became clear that DNA methylation patterns are gene and tissue specific and that patterns of gene expression correlate with patterns of methylation. DNA methylation pat terns emerged as the only component of the chemical structure of DNA that exhibited tissue and cell specificity. This data seemingly provided an attrac tively simple explanation for the longstanding dilemma of how could one identical genome manifest itself in so many different forms in multicellular organisms? The DNA methylation pattern has thus become the only known factor to confer upon DNA a unique cellular identity.

Author: Atsushi Kaneda
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319597868
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 616

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This book will focus on DNA and histone methylation in epigenetics and describe how it is involved in the molecular mechanisms responsible for the development of cancer. Chapters will summarize the current knowledge of the molecular basis of DNA and histone methylation and explain how it is involved in cancer, describe the features of DNA and histone methylation associated with particular types of cancer, diagnostic/therapeutic applications, and future directions of DNA and histone methylation as cancer targets.

Author: Philipp Simon
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783030033903
Category : Carrots
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
This book provides an up-to-date review and analysis of the carrots nuclear and organellar genome structure and evolution. In addition, it highlights applications of carrot genomic information to elucidate the carrots natural and agricultural history, reproductive biology, and the genetic basis of traits important in agriculture and human health. The carrot genome was sequenced in 2016, and its relatively small diploid genome, combined with the fact that it is the most complete root crop genome released to date and the first-ever Euasterid II genome to be sequenced, mean the carrot has an important role in the study of plant development and evolution. In addition, the carrot is among the top ten vegetables grown worldwide, and the abundant orange provitamin A carotenoids that account for its familiar orange color make it the richest crop source of vitamin A in the US diet, and in much of the world. This book includes the latest genetic maps, genetic tools and resources, and covers advances in genetic engineering that are relevant for plant breeders and biologists alike.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Carrot is one of most important vegetable crops, providing provitamin A carotenoids crucial for human nutrition and health. Carotenoid biosynthesis has been extensively studied in plants, however the mechanism underlying carotenoid accumulation is still poorly understood in carrots. Thus, gaining insight into the genetics, biochemistry and regulatory mechanisms of carotenoid accumulation would facilitate the nutritional improvement of carrot. Previously, a two-gene model, including the Y and Y2 genes, was proposed by Buishand and Gabelman to explain the variation of carotenoid accumulation in dark orange, pale orange, yellow and white carrot roots. The Y gene controls the reduction of root pigmentation, while Y2 prevents the synthesis of carotenes but not xanthophylls. This study mainly focused on identification and evaluation of the Y gene. QTL analysis was performed in the F4 mapping population 70796 with a total of 150 individuals to identify the Y gene map location. A large effect QTL with LOD score of 21.2 for total carotenoids was detected on chromosome 5. Data from the marker-trait association study using GLM (general linear model) analysis also supported the location of Y. Fine mapping was then used to identify a 90-kb region that includes 8 annotated genes. Combining this data with that from another population narrowed the candidate region to 75 kb. Comparative transcriptome analysis by RNA-seq revealed that among genes in the 75 kb region, only DCAR_032551 was differentially expressed in both populations. This gene contains a 212 nt indel in the coding region that causes a frameshift mutation in high pigmented (yy) roots, making it the most promising candidate gene. A genetic rescue test was performed to test the function of the candidate Y gene, DCAR_032551 using Agrobacterium-mediated gene transformation. Three transgenic plants were regenerated and shown to contain the integrated vector. However, after several attempts there were no transformants survived to further evaluation. Transcriptome data suggested that high carotenoid accumulation involves the overexpression of several light-induced genes operating in photosystem development and function. We hypothesized here that carotenoid accumulation is controlled at the regulatory level, and high carotenoid accumulation in carrot taproot results from the stimulation of carotenoid accumulation without light induction through the same mechanism that stimulates carotenoid accumulation in shoots in de-etiolation.