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Author: Daron Acemoglu Publisher: ISBN: Category : Economics Languages : en Pages : 37
Book Description
This paper proposes a tractable model to study the equilibrium diversity of technological progress and shows that equilibrium technological progress may exhibit too little diversity (too much conformity), in particular foregoing socially beneficial investments in "alternative" technologies that will be used at some point in the future. The presence of future innovations that will replace current innovations imply that social benefits from innovation are not fully internalized. As a consequence, the market favors technologies that generate current gains relative to those that will bear fruit in the future; current innovations in research lines that will be profitable in the future are discouraged because current innovations are typically followed by further innovations before they can be profitably marketed. A social planner would choose a more diverse research portfolio and would induce a higher growth rate than the equilibrium allocation. The diversity of researchers is a partial (imperfect) remedy against the mis-allocation induced by the market. Researchers with different interests, competences or ideas may choose non-profit maximizing and thus more diverse research portfolios, indirectly contributing to economic growth. Keywords: Economic growth, diversity, innovation, research, science, technological change. JEL Classifications: O30, O31, O33, C65.
Author: Daron Acemoglu Publisher: ISBN: Category : Economics Languages : en Pages : 37
Book Description
This paper proposes a tractable model to study the equilibrium diversity of technological progress and shows that equilibrium technological progress may exhibit too little diversity (too much conformity), in particular foregoing socially beneficial investments in "alternative" technologies that will be used at some point in the future. The presence of future innovations that will replace current innovations imply that social benefits from innovation are not fully internalized. As a consequence, the market favors technologies that generate current gains relative to those that will bear fruit in the future; current innovations in research lines that will be profitable in the future are discouraged because current innovations are typically followed by further innovations before they can be profitably marketed. A social planner would choose a more diverse research portfolio and would induce a higher growth rate than the equilibrium allocation. The diversity of researchers is a partial (imperfect) remedy against the mis-allocation induced by the market. Researchers with different interests, competences or ideas may choose non-profit maximizing and thus more diverse research portfolios, indirectly contributing to economic growth. Keywords: Economic growth, diversity, innovation, research, science, technological change. JEL Classifications: O30, O31, O33, C65.
Author: Josh Lerner Publisher: University of Chicago Press ISBN: 0226473031 Category : Art Languages : en Pages : 715
Book Description
This volume offers contributions to questions relating to the economics of innovation and technological change. Central to the development of new technologies are institutional environments and among the topics discussed are the roles played by universities and the ways in which the allocation of funds affects innovation.
Author: David Livermore Publisher: HarperChristian + ORM ISBN: 0814436544 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 289
Book Description
Today’s board rooms, think tanks, and staff lounges are more diverse than ever before. These cultural differences can either lead to gridlock among stubborn, single-minded thinkers or they can catalyze innovation and growth among an expansive team of creative, distinctive individuals. Diverse teams are far more creative than homogenous teams--but only when they are managed effectively. Driven by Difference identifies the management practices necessary to minimize conflict while maximizing the informational diversity found in varied values and experiences. Drawing on the cultural intelligence, or CQ, of diversity success stories from Google, Alibaba, Novartis, and other groundbreaking companies, this must-have resource teaches managers of diverse groups how to: Create an optimal environment Consider the various audiences when selecting and selling an idea Design and test for different users Fuse differing perspectives Align goals and expectations New perspectives and talents have joined your company’s ranks in recent years. Are you seeing the increased innovation and success that should be resulting from such diversity?
Author: Lewis, Joél Publisher: IGI Global ISBN: 1466626992 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 330
Book Description
Although diversity and leadership are not new concepts, the changing of populations, advances in technology, and development of theoretical perspectives have led to the emergence of diversity leadership as an important field of study. As technology continues to bring people together, it aids in the organizational approach of embracing uniqueness and finding innovative ways to reach higher levels of performance. Technology as a Tool for Diversity Leadership: Implementation and Future Implications focuses on the technological connections between diversity leadership and the focus on inclusivity, evolvement, and communication to meet the needs of multicultural environments. This book highlights societal implications in real-world problems and performance improvement in organizations.
Author: Elias G. Carayannis Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing ISBN: 1848441282 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 347
Book Description
The key message of this book is that heterogeneity should be seen as an intrinsic and indispensable element of knowledge systems. The authors address the concept of heterogeneity in a multi-disciplinary fashion, including perspectives from evolutionary economics and innovation system studies, and relate this approach to existing theories in a broad range of fields. The book postulates that one approach to such a re-conceptualization is what we call the Mode 3 system consisting of Innovation Networks and Knowledge Clusters for knowledge creation, diffusion and use. This is a multi-layered, multi-modal, multi-nodal and multi-lateral system, encompassing mutually and complementary reinforcing innovation networks and knowledge clusters consisting of human and intellectual capital, shaped by social capital and underpinned by financial capital. Diversity in the Knowledge Economy and Society will appeal to academics and researchers of innovation and science, knowledge management and economics.
Author: Christina Dunbar-Hester Publisher: Princeton University Press ISBN: 069119288X Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 288
Book Description
"We regularly read and hear exhortations for women to take up positions in STEM. The call comes from both government and private corporate circles, and it also emanates from enthusiasts for free and open source software (FOSS), i.e. software that anyone is free to use, copy, study, and change in any way. Ironically, rate of participation in FOSS-related work is far lower than in other areas of computing. A 2002 European Union study showed that fewer than 2 percent of software developers in the FOSS world were women. How is it that an intellectual community of activists so open in principle to one and all -a community that prides itself for its enlightened politics and its commitment to social change - should have such a low rate of participation by women? This book is an ethnographic investigation of efforts to improve the diversity in software and hackerspace communities, with particular attention paid to gender diversity advocacy"--
Author: Audrey J. Murrell Publisher: IAP ISBN: 1641139218 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 351
Book Description
Diversity research and scholarship has evolved over the past several decades and is now reaching a critical juncture. While the scholarship on diversity and inclusion has advanced within various disciplines and subdisciplines, there have been limited conversations and collaborations across distinct areas of research. Theories, paradigms, research models and methodologies have evolved but continue to remain locked within specific area, disciplines, or theoretical canons. This collaborative edited volume examines diversity across disciplines in higher education. Our book brings together contributions from the arts, sciences, and professional fields. In order to advance diversity and inclusion across campuses, multiple disciplinary perspectives need to be acknowledged and considered broadly. The current higher education climate necessitates multicultural and interdisciplinary collaboration. Global partnerships and technological advances require faculty, administrators, and graduate students to reach beyond their disciplinary focus to achieve successful programs and research projects. We need to become more familiar discussing diversity across disciplines. Our book investigates diversity across disciplines with attention to people, process, policies, and paradigms. The four thematic categories of people, process, policies, and paradigms describe the multidisciplinary nature of diversity and topics relevant to faculty, administrators, and students in higher education. The framework provides a structure to understand the ways in which people are impacted by diversity and the complicated process of engaging with diversity in a variety of contexts. Policies draw attention to the dynamic nature of diversity across disciplines and paradigms presents models of diversity in research and education.
Author: Chrisanthi Avgerou Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0199240779 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 278
Book Description
Drawing on experience and research in different societies, this text explains the nature of organizational diversity in which ICT innovation takes place, and also develops a conceptual approach to account for it.
Author: Cristiano Antonelli Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1134091184 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 424
Book Description
Pt. 1. The ingredients -- pt. 2. The governance of localised technological knowledge -- pt. 3. The introduction of localised technological change.
Author: Daron Acemoglu
Author: Daron Acemoglu
Author: Josh Lerner
Author: David Livermore
Author: Lewis, Joél
Author: Elias G. Carayannis
Author: Christina Dunbar-Hester
Author: Andrea Bassanini
Author: Audrey J. Murrell
Author: Chrisanthi Avgerou
Author: Cristiano Antonelli